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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on LaP2H44C14N7(Cl2O)2 by Materials Project

LaC14P2N7H44(OCl2)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four LaC14P2N7H44(OCl2)2 clusters. La3+ is bonded to two O2- and four Cl1- atoms to form LaCl4O2 octahedra that share corners with two PN3O tetrahedra. There are one shorter (2.42 Å) and one longer (2.44 Å) La–O bond lengths. There are a spread of La–Cl bond distances ranging from 2.76–2.91 Å. There are fourteen inequivalent C2- sites. In the first C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the second C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the third C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.46 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the fourth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.46 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the fifth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the sixth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the seventh C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the eighth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the ninth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the tenth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.47 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. In the eleventh C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.46 Å. There are a spread of C–H bond distances ranging from 1.09–1.11 Å. In the twelfth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form CH3N tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one CH3N tetrahedra and a cornercorner with one PN3O tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.46 Å. There is one shorter (1.09 Å) and two longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the thirteenth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form corner-sharing CH3N tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.50 Å. There is two shorter (1.09 Å) and one longer (1.10 Å) C–H bond length. In the fourteenth C2- site, C2- is bonded to one N3- and three H1+ atoms to form corner-sharing CH3N tetrahedra. The C–N bond length is 1.49 Å. All C–H bond lengths are 1.10 Å. There are two inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to three N3- and one O2- atom to form PN3O tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LaCl4O2 octahedra and corners with six CH3N tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 11°. There are a spread of P–N bond distances ranging from 1.65–1.67 Å. The P–O bond length is 1.52 Å. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to three N3- and one O2- atom to form PN3O tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one LaCl4O2 octahedra and corners with six CH3N tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 15°. There is one shorter (1.65 Å) and two longer (1.66 Å) P–N bond length. The P–O bond length is 1.52 Å. There are seven inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a tetrahedral geometry to two C2- and two H1+ atoms. There is one shorter (1.05 Å) and one longer (1.06 Å) N–H bond length. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C2- and one P5+ atom. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C2- and one P5+ atom. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C2- and one P5+ atom. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C2- and one P5+ atom. In the sixth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C2- and one P5+ atom. In the seventh N3- site, N3- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to two C2- and one P5+ atom. There are forty-four inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the tenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the eleventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twelfth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the fourteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the fifteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the sixteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the seventeenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the eighteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the nineteenth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twentieth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the twenty-ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirtieth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-seventh H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-eighth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the thirty-ninth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the fortieth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the forty-first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the forty-second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one C2- atom. In the forty-third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the forty-fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- and one Cl1- atom. The H–Cl bond length is 2.12 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one La3+ and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one La3+ and one P5+ atom. There are four inequivalent Cl1- sites. In the first Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one La3+ atom. In the second Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one La3+ atom. In the third Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one La3+ and one H1+ atom. In the fourth Cl1- site, Cl1- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one La3+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Experimental and computational investigation of the bond energy of thorium dicarbonyl cation and theoretical elucidation of its isomerization mechanism to the thermodynamically most stable isomer, thorium oxide ketenylidene cation, OTh + CCO

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [Th,2C,2O] + with Xe is performed using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS). The only products observed are ThCO + and Th + by sequential loss of CO ligands. The experimental findings and theoretical calculations support that the structure of [Th,2C,2O] + is the bent homoleptic thorium dicarbonyl cation, Th + (CO) 2 , having quartet spin, which is both thermodynamically and kinetically stable enough in the gas phase to be observed in our GIBMS instrument. Analysis of the kinetic energy-dependent cross sections for this CID reaction yields the first experimental determination of the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of (CO)Th + –CO at 0 K as 1.05 ± 0.09 eV. A theoretical BDE calculated at the CCSD(T) level with cc-pVXZ (X = T and Q) basis sets and a complete basis set (CBS) extrapolation is in very good agreement with the experimental result. Although the doublet spin bent thorium oxide ketenylidene cation, OTh + CCO, is calculated to be the most thermodynamically stable structure, it is not observed in our experiment where [Th,2C,2O] + is formed by association of Th + and CO in a direct current discharge flow tube (DC/FT) ion source. Potential energy profiles of both quartet and doublet spin are constructed to elucidate the isomerization mechanism of Th + (CO) 2 to OTh + CCO. The failure to observe OTh + CCO is attributed to a barrier associated with C–C bond formation, which makes OTh + CCO kinetically inaccessible under our experimental conditions. Furthermore, chemical bonding patterns in low-lying states of linear and bent Th + (CO) 2 and OTh + CCO isomers are also investigated.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1997

Influence of simulated microgravity on the sympathetic response to exercise

Rats exposed to simulated conditions of microgravity exhibit reductions in aerobic exercise capacity that may be due to an impaired ability of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to mediate an increase in cardiac output and to redistribute blood flow. The purpose of this study was to quantify the sympathetic response to exercise in rats after exposure to 14 days of simulated microgravity or control conditions. To achieve this aim, rats were exposed to 14 days of head-down suspension (HDS) or cage control (CC) conditions. On day 14, norepinephrine (NE) synthesis was blocked with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, and the rate of NE depletion after synthesis blockade was used to estimate SNS activity in the left ventricle, spleen, and soleus muscle during treadmill exercise at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake. When compared with CC rats, the sympathetic response to exercise in HDS rats was characterized by a lower rate of NE depletion in the left ventricle (-82%) and spleen (-42%). The rate of NE depletion in the soleus muscle was 47% higher. These differences could contribute to the decrement in aerobic capacity of HDS rats by impairing their ability to augment cardiac output and to redirect blood flow to actively contracting skeletal muscle during exercise.

NASA Discipline Cardiopulmonary↗
DOE OSTI2024

Borg extrachromosomal elements of methane-oxidizing archaea have conserved and expressed genetic repertoires

Borgs are huge extrachromosomal elements (ECE) of anaerobic methane-consuming “Candidatus Methanoperedens” archaea. Here, we used nanopore sequencing to validate published complete genomes curated from short reads and to reconstruct new genomes. 13 complete and four near-complete linear genomes share 40 genes that define a largely syntenous genome backbone. We use these conserved genes to identify new Borgs from peatland soil and to delineate Borg phylogeny, revealing two major clades. Remarkably, Borg genes encoding nanowire-like electron-transferring cytochromes and cell surface proteins are more highly expressed than those of host Methanoperedens, indicating that Borgs augment the Methanoperedens activity in situ. We reconstructed the first complete 4.00 Mbp genome for a Methanoperedens that is inferred to be a Borg host and predicted its methylation motifs, which differ from pervasive TC and CC methylation motifs of the Borgs. Thus, methylation may enable Methanoperedens to distinguish their genomes from those of Borgs. Very high Borg to Methanoperedens ratios and structural predictions suggest that Borgs may be capable of encapsulation. The findings clearly define Borgs as a distinct class of ECE with shared genomic signatures, establish their diversification from a common ancestor with genetic inheritance, and raise the possibility of periodic existence outside of host cells.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Chromium Isotopic Evidence for Mixing of NC and CC Reservoirs in Polymict Ureilites: Implications for Dynamical Models of the Early Solar System

Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies show that the first few million years of solar system history were characterized by two distinct cosmochemical reservoirs, CC (carbonaceous chondrites and related differentiated meteorites) and NC (the terrestrial planets and all other groups of chondrites and differentiated meteorites), widely interpreted to correspond to the outer and inner solar system, respectively. At some point, however, bulk CC and NC materials became mixed, and several dynamical models offer explanations for how and when this occurred. We use xenoliths of CC materials in polymict ureilite (NC) breccias to test the applicability of such models. Polymict ureilites represent regolith on ureilitic asteroids but contain carbonaceous chondrite-like xenoliths. We present the first 54 Cr isotope data for such clasts, which, combined with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, show that they are unique CC materials that became mixed with NC materials in these breccias. It has been suggested that such xenoliths were implanted into ureilites by outer solar system bodies migrating into the inner solar system during the gaseous disk phase ~3–5 Myr after CAI, as in the "Grand Tack" model. However, combined textural, petrologic, and spectroscopic observations suggest that they were added to ureilitic regolith at ~50–60 Myr after CAI, along with ordinary, enstatite, and Rumuruti-type chondrites, as a result of the breakup of multiple parent bodies in the asteroid belt at this time. This is consistent with models for an early instability of the giant planets. The C-type asteroids from which the xenoliths were derived were already present in inner solar system orbits.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS2003

Influence of Ice-phase of Hydrometeors on Moist-Convection

Climate models often ignore the influence of ice-phase physics (IPP) of hydrometeors as a second order effect. This has also been true for McRAS (Microphysics of clouds with Relaxed Arakawa Schubert Scheme) developed by the authors. Recognizing that the temperature sounding is critical for moist-convection, and, that IPP would modify it, we investigated the influence of introducing IPP into McRAS coupled to FvGCM (finite volume General Circulation Model with NCAR physics). We analyzed three 3-yr long simulations; the first called Control Case, CC and had no IPP; the other two called Experiments El and E2 had IPP introduced with two different in-cloud freezing assumptions. Simulation El assumed that all hydrometeors remain liquid in the updraft and freeze upon detrainment. Simulation E2 invoked the in-cloud freezing of new condensate generated at subfreezing temperatures in the updraft while old cloud water continued to ascend as liquid. Upon detrainment, this cloud water also froze like in E1. With these assumptions, about 50% of hydrometeors froze in the tower and the rest froze in the anvil. However, in both El and E2, the frozen hydrometeors melted during fall at the first encounter of above freezing ambient temperature. Comparative analysis revealed that El simulated far more mid-level and far less deep clouds while E2 had modified deep and more mid-level clouds as compared to CC along with some major changes around the melt-level. We infer that IPP produced a more realistic response in E2. At the basic level, the results show that ice-phase processes influence convective detrainment at mid- and deep levels in accord with TOGAGOARE observations. The results suggest that IPP can help to mitigate less-than-observed mid-level and over-abundance of deep convective clouds in McRAS.

Sud, Y. C.↗
DOE OSTI2025

OpenUniverse2024: a shared, simulated view of the sky for the next generation of cosmological surveys

The OpenUniverse2024 simulation suite is a cross-collaboration effort to produce matched simulated imaging for multiple surveys as they would observe a common simulated sky. Both the simulated data and associated tools used to produce it are intended to uniquely enable a wide range of studies to maximize the science potential of the next generation of cosmological surveys. We have produced simulated imaging for approximately 70 deg 2 of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Wide-Fast-Deep survey and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey, as well as overlapping versions of the ELAIS-S1 Deep-Drilling Field for LSST and the High-Latitude Time-Domain Survey for Roman. OpenUniverse2024 includes (i) an early version of the updated extragalactic model called Diffsky, which substantially improves the realism of optical and infrared photometry of objects, compared to previous versions of these models; (ii) updated transient models that extend through the wavelength range probed by Roman and Rubin; and (iii) improved survey, telescope, and instrument realism based on up-to-date survey plans and known properties of the instruments. It is built on a new and updated suite of simulation tools that improves the ease of consistently simulating multiple observatories viewing the same sky. The approximately 400 TB of synthetic survey imaging and simulated universe catalogs are publicly available, and we preview some scientific uses of the simulations.

large-scale structure of Universe↗
DOE OSTI2024

Single Electron Self-coherence and Its Wave/Particle Duality in the Electron Microscope

Intensities in high-resolution phase-contrast images from electron microscopes build up discretely in time by detecting single electrons. A wave description of pulse-like coherent-inelastic interaction of an electron with matter implies a time-dependent coexistence of coherent partial waves. Their superposition forms a wave package by phase decoherence of 0.5 - 1 radian with Heisenbergs energy uncertainty ΔE H = $\hbar$/2 Δt -1 matching the energy loss ΔE of a coherent-inelastic interaction and sets the interaction time Δt. In these circumstances, the product of Planck's constant and the speed of light hc is given by the product of the expression for temporal coherence λ 2 /Δλ and the energy loss ΔE. Experimentally, the self-coherence length was measured by detecting the energy-dependent localization of scattered, plane matter waves in surface proximity exploiting the Goos–Hänchen shift. Chromatic-aberration Cc-corrected electron microscopy on boron nitride (BN) proves that the coherent crystal illumination and phase contrast are lost if the self-coherence length shrinks below the size of the crystal unit cell at ΔE > 200 eV. Finally, in perspective, the interaction time of any matter wave compares with the lifetime of a virtual particle of any elemental interaction, suggesting the present concept of coherent-inelastic interactions of matter waves might be generalizable.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS1995

Photochemistry of Triton's Atmosphere and Ionosphere

The photochemistry of 32 neutral and 21 ion species in Triton's atmosphere is considered. Parent species N2, CH4, and CO (with a mixing ratio of 3 x 10(exp -4) in our basic model) sublime from the ice with rates of 40, 208, and 0.3 g/sq cm/b.y., respectively. Chemistry below 50 km is driven mostly by photolysis of methane by the solar and interstellar medium Lyman-alpha photons, producing hydrocarbons C2H4, C2H6, and C2H2 which form haze particles with precipitation rates of 135, 28, and 1.3 g/sq cm/b.y., respectively. Some processes are discussed which increase the production of HCN (by an order of magnitude to a value of 29 g/sq cm/b.y.) and involve indirect photolysis of N2 by neutrals. Reanalysis of the measured methane profiles gives an eddy diffusion coefficient K = 4 x 10(exp 3) sq cm/s above the tropopause and a more accurate methane number density near the surface, (3.1 +/- 0.8) x 10(exp 11)/cc cm. Chemistry above 200 km is driven by the solar EUV radiation (lambda less than 1000 A)) and by precipitation of magnetospheric electrons with a total energy input of 10(exp 8) W (based on thermal balance calculations). The most abundant photochemical species are N, H2, H, O, and C. They escape with the total rates of 7.7 x 10(exp 24)/ s, 4.5 x 10(exp 25)/ s, 2.4 x 10(exp 25)/ s, 4.4 x 10(exp 22)/ s, and 1.1 x 10(exp 24)/ s, respectively. Atomic species are transported to a region of 50-200 km and drive the chemistry there. Iono- spheric chemistry explains the formation of an E region at 150-240 km with HCO(+) as a major ion, and of an F region above 240 km with a peak at 320 km and C(+) as a major ion. The ionosphere above 500 km consists of almost equal densities of C(+) and N(+) ions. The model profiles agree with the measured atomic nitrogen and electron density profiles. A number of other models with varying rate coefficients of some reactions, differing properties of the haze particles (chemically passive or active), etc., were developed. These models show that there are four basic unknown values which have strong impacts on the composition and structure of the atmosphere and ionosphere. These values and their plausible ranges are the CO mixing ratio f(sub co) = 10(exp -4)- 10(exp -3), the magnetospheric electron energy input (1 +/- 0.5) x 10(exp 8) W, the rate coefficient of charge-exchange reaction N2(+) + Ck = 10(exp -11)-10(exp -10)cc cm/s, and the ion escape velocity upselon(sub i) approx. 150 cm/s.

Krasnopolsky, Vladimir A.↗
NASA NTRS1974

The partitioned strainrange fatigue behavior of coated and uncoated MAR-M-302 at 1000 C (1832 F) in ultrahigh vacuum

Elevated temperature (1000 C (1832 F)) vacuum fatigue tests have been conducted on uncoated and aluminide (PWA 45) coated cobalt-base MAR-M-302 alloy with the four different types of thermalmechanical reversed inelastic strain cycles (wave shapes) defined by the method of strainrange partitioning. Results of these tests indicated two major conclusions. First, there was no significant influence of the aluminide coating on the thermal-mechanical fatigue life of the MAR-M-302 alloy. Second, variations in the type of thermal-mechanical fatigue cycle applied caused significant variations of fatigue life for both coated and uncoated material. The longest lives were achieved with sigma sub pp type cycling, while the sigma sub cc cycle caused a reduction of fatigue life of about 1/2 order of magnitude with respect to the sigma sub pp life. The sigma sub cp type cycle caused a life reduction of between 1-1/2 and 2 orders of magnitude relative to the sigma sub pp life, while the sigma sub pc type cycle provided a fatigue life which appeared to be comparable to that generated by the sigma sub cc cycle.

Sheffler, K. D.↗
DOE OSTI2025

Selection Algorithm for electron neutrino charged current interactions in SBND

The Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab is a joint proposal by three experimental collaborations primarily for the investigation of the cause behind the low-energy electron-like event excess observed by the MiniBoone experiment. This dissertation focuses on the near detector of the project, named the Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND), a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber apparatus which will conduct searches for sterile neutrinos in the mass range of 1 ${eV}^2/{c}^4$, as well as provide cross-section measurements for neutrino interactions in argon and perform other beyond the standard model studies.\\ \indent As is the case for all detectors in the program, the SBND will use the Booster Neutrino Beam as its source, which will provide it with both muon and electron neutrinos. Given that the ability to discern between the neutrino flavors will be crucial to the fulfillment of the detector's physics goals, the objective of this work is to provide the collaboration with a tool capable of doing so. As such, we here present the development process for an inclusive selection algorithm for the identification of electron neutrino charged current (CC) events regardless of their interaction channel. This is done through a combination of traditional techniques, such as the implementation of cuts on the reconstructed interaction properties, with the use of the Convolutional Visual Network, a machine learning algorithm capable of classifying particle interactions through the analysis of the topology of their final states. With this approach, we have developed a selection process that is capable of identifying $\nu_e$ CC interactions across a wide range of topologies with 34.4\% efficiency, as well as a purity of 91.2\%, making it especially promising for use in cross section studies.

Freire, Hector Moya [ABC Federal U.] (ORCID:000900↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on KNaH6PtC4N4O3 by Materials Project

KNaPtC4N4H6O3 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is three-dimensional. K1+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to four N3- and two O2- atoms. There are a spread of K–N bond distances ranging from 2.87–2.92 Å. There are one shorter (2.77 Å) and one longer (3.08 Å) K–O bond lengths. Na1+ is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two N3- and three O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.41 Å) and one longer (2.54 Å) Na–N bond lengths. There are one shorter (2.40 Å) and two longer (2.45 Å) Na–O bond lengths. Pt2+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four C2+ atoms. All Pt–C bond lengths are 1.99 Å. There are four inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the third C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. In the fourth C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one Pt2+ and one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.17 Å. There are four inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Na1+, and one C2+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one K1+ and one C2+ atom. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one K1+, one Na1+, and one C2+ atom. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.99 Å. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one O2- atom. The H–O bond length is 0.98 Å. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and two H1+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted water-like geometry to one K1+, one Na1+, and two H1+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a water-like geometry to one K1+ and two H1+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
NASA NTRS2011

Microwave Spectroscopy of Complex Molecules Around the Young Protostar Chamaeleon MMS1

Observations are presented of emission lines from organic molecules at frequencies 30-100 GHz in the vicinity of the extremely young, chemically rich, very low-luminosity protostar and candidate first hydrostatic core Chamaeleon MMS1. Column densities are derived and emission maps are presented for species including polyynes, cyanopolyynes, sulphuretted carbon-chains and methanol. Emission from the carbon-chain-bearing species peaks very near to the protostar; methanol peaks about 0.1 pc further away. The mean molecular hydrogen number density is calculated to be 10(exp 6) per cc. and the gas kinetic temperature is in the range 4-7 K. The abundances of long carbon chains (including C6H and HC7N) are very large -- similar to those found in the most carbon-chain-rich regions of the Galaxy, and indicative of a non-equilibrium carbon chemistry. The observed methanol and acetaldehyde abundances indicate active grain-surface chemistry and desorption processes. The carbon-chain anions C4H- and C6H- were not detected and the upper limit on the anion-to-neutral ratio for C4H- is less than 0.02% and for C6H-, less than 10%. These values are consistent with previous observations in interstellar clouds and low-mass protostars. Deuterated HC3N and c-C3H2 were detected, with fractionation ratios of about 4%, and 22%, respectively. A low c-C3H2 ortho-to-para ratio was measured, which is consistent with a molecular hydrogen ortho-to-para ratio of close to zero and implies a relatively young chemical age (less than about 10(exp 5) yr) for the matter surrounding Cha-MMS1. These observations show that a high level of chemical complexity can be present in star-forming gas.

Cordiner, Martin A.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Fabrication and Vibration Results of 30-cm Pyrolytic Graphite Ion Optics

Boeing Electron Dynamic Devices, Inc. is currently developing pyrolytic graphite (PG) grids designed to operate on 30-cm NSTAR-type thrusters for the Carbon Based Ion Optics (CBIO) program. The PG technology effort of the CBIO program aims to research PG as a flightworthy material for use in dished ion optics by designing, fabricating, and performance testing 30-cm PG grids. As such, PG grid fabrication results will be discussed as will PG design considerations and how they must differ from the NSTAR molybdenum grid design. Surface characteristics and surface processing of PG will be explored relative to effects on voltage breakdown. Part of the CBIO program objectives is to understand the erosion of PG due to Xenon ion bombardment. Discussion of PG and CC sputter yields will be presented relative to molybdenum. These sputter yields will be utilized in the life modeling of carbon-based grids. Finally, vibration results of 30-cm PG grids will be presented and compared to a first-order model generated at Boeing EDD. Performance testing results of the PG grids will not be discussed in this paper as it has yet to be completed.

DePano, Michael K.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Infrared Spectroscopy of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: The Members - 3

In spite of the fact that the infrared spectroscopic properties of only a few isolated ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known, gaseous, ionized PAHs are thought to be responsible for a very common family of infrared interstellar emission bands. In order to provide a data base to test this hypothesis and, if borne out, to use this emission band family as a probe of many different interstellar environments, we are carrying out a thorough study of the infrared spectroscopic properties of neutral and ionized PAHs in argon matrices. Here we present the near and mid-infrared spectra of the cations of the five most thermodynamically favored PAHs up to coronene: phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[ghilperylene, and coronene. The properties of naphthalene, the first member of the series, are given elsewhere. The spectra of perdeuterated phenanthrene and pyrene are also reported. For those molecules which have been previously studied (pyrene, d(10)-pyrene, and coronene), band positions and relative intensities are in agreement. In all cases we report additional features. Absolute integrated absorbance values are given for the phenanthrene, perdeutero-phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and coronene cations. With the exception of coronene,the cation bands corresponding to the CC modes are typically 2-5 times more intense than those of the CH out-of-plane bending vibrations. For the cations the CC stretching and CH in-plane bending modes give rise to bands which are an order of magnitude stronger than for the neutral species, and the CH out-of-plane bends produce bands which are 5-20 times weaker than in the neutral species. This behavior is similar to that found in most other PAH cations studied to date. The astronomical implications of these PAH cation spectra are also discussed.

Hudgins, D. M.↗
NASA NTRS1973

Preliminary results from dynamic model tests of an air cushion landing system.

Experimental study of the behavior of an air cushion landing system on 1:10 and 1:4-scale dynamic models of the CC-115 aircraft over a range of initial impact, on a smooth hard surface of fiberglass-coated plywood, on calm water, and on rough water with waves 5 ft high and 100 ft crest-to-crest wide. The performance was satisfactory with the 1:10 scale model on hard surfaces and calm water and was less certain, requiring more tests, on rough water, while substantial pitching oscillations were observed in tests on the 1:4 scale model.

Leland, T. J. W.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaPb2C2O7 by Materials Project

NaPb2C2O7 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is two-dimensional and consists of two NaPb2C2O7 sheets oriented in the (0, 0, 1) direction. Na1+ is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.56–3.05 Å. There are two inequivalent Pb3+ sites. In the first Pb3+ site, Pb3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing PbO7 hexagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.67 Å. In the second Pb3+ site, Pb3+ is bonded to seven O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing PbO7 hexagonal pyramids. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.66 Å. There are two inequivalent C+3.50+ sites. In the first C+3.50+ site, C+3.50+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. All C–O bond lengths are 1.30 Å. In the second C+3.50+ site, C+3.50+ is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three O2- atoms. All C–O bond lengths are 1.30 Å. There are seven inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to three equivalent Na1+ and two Pb3+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Pb3+, and one C+3.50+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Pb3+, and one C+3.50+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Pb3+, and one C+3.50+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Pb3+, and one C+3.50+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Pb3+, and one C+3.50+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to one Na1+, two equivalent Pb3+, and one C+3.50+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on FeAg3H6(C3N4)2 by Materials Project

Fe(Ag(CN)3)2Ag(NH3)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic Cc space group. The structure is zero-dimensional and consists of four iron molecules, four Ag(CN)3 clusters, and four Ag(NH3)2 clusters. In each Ag(CN)3 cluster, there are two inequivalent Ag1+ sites. In the first Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded to four N3- atoms to form edge-sharing AgN4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ag–N bond distances ranging from 2.15–2.50 Å. In the second Ag1+ site, Ag1+ is bonded to four N3- atoms to form distorted edge-sharing AgN4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Ag–N bond distances ranging from 2.17–2.54 Å. There are six inequivalent C2+ sites. In the first C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the second C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the third C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the fourth C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the fifth C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. In the sixth C2+ site, C2+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. The C–N bond length is 1.18 Å. There are six inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+ and one C2+ atom. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Ag1+ and one C2+ atom. In the third N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ag1+ and one C2+ atom. In the fourth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to one Ag1+ and one C2+ atom. In the fifth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to one Ag1+ and one C2+ atom. In the sixth N3- site, N3- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Ag1+ and one C2+ atom. In each Ag(NH3)2 cluster, Ag1+ is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to two N3- atoms. There are one shorter (2.13 Å) and one longer (2.17 Å) Ag–N bond lengths. There are two inequivalent N3- sites. In the first N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ag1+ and three H1+ atoms. All N–H bond lengths are 1.02 Å. In the second N3- site, N3- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Ag1+ and three H1+ atoms. There is two shorter (1.02 Å) and one longer (1.03 Å) N–H bond length. There are six inequivalent H1+ sites. In the first H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the second H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the third H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fourth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the fifth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom. In the sixth H1+ site, H1+ is bonded in a single-bond geometry to one N3- atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗