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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

Wide Field and Planetary Camera for Space Telescope

The Space Telescope's Wide Field and Planetary Camera instrument, presently under construction, will be used to map the observable universe and to study the outer planets. It will be able to see 1000 times farther than any previously employed instrument. The Wide Field system will be located in a radial bay, receiving its signals via a pick-off mirror centered on the optical axis of the telescope assembly. The external thermal radiator employed by the instrument for cooling will be part of the exterior surface of the Space Telescope. In addition to having a larger (1200-12,000 A) wavelength range than any of the other Space Telescope instruments, its data rate, at 1 Mb/sec, exceeds that of the other instruments. Attention is given to the operating modes and projected performance levels of the Wide Field Camera and Planetary Camera.

Lockhart, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Space telescope low scattered light camera - A model

A design approach for a camera to be used with the space telescope is given. Camera optics relay the system pupil onto an annular Gaussian ring apodizing mask to control scattered light. One and two dimensional models of ripple on the primary mirror were calculated. Scattered light calculations using ripple amplitudes between wavelength/20 wavelength/200 with spatial correlations of the ripple across the primary mirror between 0.2 and 2.0 centimeters indicate that the detection of an object a billion times fainter than a bright source in the field is possible. Detection of a Jovian type planet in orbit about alpha Centauri with a camera on the space telescope may be possible.

Breckinridge, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Measurement of reach envelopes with a four-camera Selective Spot Recognition (SELSPOT) system

The basic Selective Spot Recognition (SELSPOT) system is essentially a system which uses infrared LEDs and a 'camera' with an infrared-sensitive photodetector, a focusing lens, and some A/D electronics to produce a digital output representing an X and Y coordinate for each LED for each camera. When the data are synthesized across all cameras with appropriate calibrations, an XYZ set of coordinates is obtained for each LED at a given point in time. Attention is given to the operating modes, a system checkout, and reach envelopes and software. The Video Recording Adapter (VRA) represents the main addition to the basic SELSPOT system. The VRA contains a microprocessor and other electronics which permit user selection of several options and some interaction with the system.

Stramler, J. H., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Wide-Brightness-Range Video Camera

Television camera selectively attenuates bright areas in scene without affecting dim areas. Camera views scenes containing extremes of light and dark without overexposing light areas and underexposing dark ones. Camera uses liquid-crystal light valve for selective attenuation. Feedback cathoderay tube locally alters reflection characteristics of liquid-crystal light valve. Results in point-to-point optoelectronic automatic gain control to enable viewing of both dark and very bright areas within scene.

Craig, G. D.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Design and fabrication of a CCD camera for use with relay optics in solar X-ray astronomy

Configured as a subsystem of a sounding rocket experiment, a camera system was designed to record and transmit an X-ray image focused on a charge coupled device. The camera consists of a X-ray sensitive detector and the electronics for processing and transmitting image data. The design and operation of the camera are described. Schematics are included.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1985

The new near-infrared array camera at the University of Rochester

A near-infrared array camera system has been constructed for use in the 1-5 micron region. The camera is based on a 32 x 32 element InSb focal plane array. The performance of most of the individual detectors in the system is found to be comparable to or better than the performance of any single-element InSb detector system currently in use. A thorough description of the camera system and its image processing subsystems is given, and some sample images are provided.

Forrest, W. J.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Easily Accessible Camera Mount

Modified mount enables fast alinement of movie cameras in explosionproof housings. Screw on side and readily reached through side door of housing. Mount includes right-angle drive mechanism containing two miter gears that turn threaded shaft. Shaft drives movable dovetail clamping jaw that engages fixed dovetail plate on camera. Mechanism alines camera in housing and secures it. Reduces installation time by 80 percent.

Chalson, H. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Charge-coupled device camera for the Galileo Jupiter Orbiter spacecraft

A slow-scan television camera called the solid-state imaging subsystem (SSI), built for the Galileo Jupiter Orbiter, is described. The SSI consists of a 1500-mm focal-length telescope coupled to a camera head housing a 800 x 800-element charge-coupled device (CCD) detector based on 'virtual-phase' charge transfer technology. The CCD detector provides broadband sensitivity over 100 times that of a comparable vidicon-tube camera, while also yielding improved resolution, linearity, geometric fidelity, and spectral range. The system noise floor is 30 electrons, which results in a dynamic range of about 3500. Saturation of the detector with 9000-A light, followed by a high-speed erasure cycle prior to exposing each image, stabilizes the detector quantum efficiency at its maximum level for wavelengths beyond 7000 A. An optical schematic diagram of the SSI is included.

Klaasen, K. P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Description of and results from camera systems for recording daytime lightning strikes to an airplane in flight

Photographic still and movie and video camera systems have been developed to reveal more about the characteristics of daytime lightning strikes to airplanes in flight. Equipment selection and design is particularly important with regard to time of event occurrence, time correlation between cameras, rapidity of actuation, ease of photogrammetric analysis, and selection of fields of view. The most recent such camera systems flown in an NASA F-106B research airplane are described and design considerations are discussed. Daytime depictions of lightning strikes are presented as illustrative of some of these considerations.

Brown, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Close-range photogrammetry with video cameras

Examples of photogrammetric measurements made with video cameras uncorrected for electronic and optical lens distortions are presented. The measurement and correction of electronic distortions of video cameras using both bilinear and polynomial interpolation are discussed. Examples showing the relative stability of electronic distortions over long periods of time are presented. Having corrected for electronic distortion, the data are further corrected for lens distortion using the plumb line method. Examples of close-range photogrammetric data taken with video cameras corrected for both electronic and optical lens distortion are presented.

Burner, A. W.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The Mars observer camera

A camera designed to operate under the extreme constraints of the Mars Observer Mission was selected by NASA in April, 1986. Contingent upon final confirmation in mid-November, the Mars Observer Camera (MOC) will begin acquiring images of the surface and atmosphere of Mars in September-October 1991. The MOC incorporates both a wide angle system for low resolution global monitoring and intermediate resolution regional targeting, and a narrow angle system for high resolution selective surveys. Camera electronics provide control of image clocking and on-board, internal editing and buffering to match whatever spacecraft data system capabilities are allocated to the experiment. The objectives of the MOC experiment follow.

Malin, M. C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Space infrared telescope facility wide field and diffraction limited array camera (IRAC)

The wide-field and diffraction limited array camera (IRAC) is capable of two-dimensional photometry in either a wide-field or diffraction-limited mode over the wavelength range from 2 to 30 microns with a possible extension to 120 microns. A low-doped indium antimonide detector was developed for 1.8 to 5.0 microns, detectors were tested and optimized for the entire 1.8 to 30 micron range, beamsplitters were developed and tested for the 1.8 to 30 micron range, and tradeoff studies of the camera's optical system performed. Data are presented on the performance of InSb, Si:In, Si:Ga, and Si:Sb array detectors bumpbonded to a multiplexed CMOS readout chip of the source-follower type at SIRTF operating backgrounds (equal to or less than 1 x 10 to the 8th ph/sq cm/sec) and temperature (4 to 12 K). Some results at higher temperatures are also presented for comparison to SIRTF temperature results. Data are also presented on the performance of IRAC beamsplitters at room temperature at both 0 and 45 deg angle of incidence and on the performance of the all-reflecting optical system baselined for the camera.

Fazio, Giovanni G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

An astronomy camera for low background applications in the 1.0 to 2.5 micron spectral region

A description is given of a low-background astronomy camera system based on a short wavelength (1.0-2.5 micron) 128 x 128 focal plane array. The camera is designed to accept either a HgCdTe array for the 1-2.5 micron spectral region or an InSb array for the 3-5 micron spectral region. A cryogenic folded optical system is utilized to control excess stray light along with a cold eight-position filter wheel for spectral filtering. The camera head and electronics will also accept a 256 x 256 focal plane. Engineering evaluation of the system and two engineering runs at the JPL Table Mountain Observatory have been completed. System design, engineering performance, and sample imagery are presented.

Kaki, Said A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The reduction of wide field/planetary camera images

An overview of the procedures required for reduction of Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field/Planetary Camera images is presented, based on WFPC performance as observed during ground tests. Camera artifacts that must be removed prior to analysis of WFPC images are characterized. WFPC flat-field and dark-current images are also presented. Special emphasis is given to the design of WFPC imaging programs that minimize the effects of camera artifacts on image analysis.

Lauer, Tod R.↗
NASA NTRS1989

An image compression algorithm for a high-resolution digital still camera

The Electronic Still Camera (ESC) project will provide for the capture and transmission of high-quality images without the use of film. The image quality will be superior to video and will approach the quality of 35mm film. The camera, which will have the same general shape and handling as a 35mm camera, will be able to send images to earth in near real-time. Images will be stored in computer memory (RAM) in removable cartridges readable by a computer. To save storage space, the image will be compressed and reconstructed at the time of viewing. Both lossless and loss-y image compression algorithms are studied, described, and compared.

Nerheim, Rosalee↗
NASA NTRS1992

Intensified array camera imaging of solid surface combustion aboard the NASA Learjet

An intensified array camera was used to image weakly luminous flames spreading over thermally thin paper samples in a low gravity environment aboard the NASA-Lewis Learjet. The aircraft offers 10 to 20 sec of reduced gravity during execution of a Keplerian trajectory and allows the use of instrumentation that is delicate or requires higher electrical power than is available in drop towers. The intensified array camera is a charge intensified device type that responds to light between 400 and 900 nm and has a minimum sensitivity of 10(exp 6) footcandles. The paper sample, either ashless filter paper or a lab wiper, burns inside a sealed chamber which is filled with 21, 18, or 15 pct. oxygen in nitrogen at one atmosphere. The camera views the edge of the paper and its output is recorded on videotape. Flame positions are measured every 0.1 sec to calculate flame spread rates. Comparisons with drop tower data indicate that the flame shapes and spread rates are affected by the residual g level in the aircraft.

Weiland, Karen J.↗
NASA NTRS1992

A range-resolved bistatic lidar using a high-sensitive CCD-camera

Until now monostatic type lidar systems have been mainly utilized in the field of lidar measurements of the atmosphere. We propose here a range-resolved bistatic lidar system using a high-sensitive cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera. This system has the ability to measure the three dimensional distributions of aerosol, atmospheric density, and cloud by processing the image data of the laser beam trajectory obtained by a CCD camera. Also, this lidar system has a feature that allows dual utilization of continuous wave (CW) lasers and pulse lasers. The scheme of measurement with this bistatic lidar is shown. A laser beam is emitted vertically and the image of its trajectory is taken with a remote high-sensitive CCD detector using an interference filter and a camera lens. The specifications of the bistatic lidar system used in the experiments are shown. The preliminary experimental results of our range-resolved bistatic lidar system suggest potential applications in the field of lidar measurements of the atmosphere.

Yamaguchi, K.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Intensified array camera imaging of solid surface combustion aboard the NASA Learjet

An intensified array camera has been used to image weakly luminous flames spreading over thermally thin paper samples in a low-gravity environment aboard the NASA-Lewis Learjet. The aircraft offers 10 to 20 sec of reduced gravity during execution of a Keplerian trajectory and allows the use of instrumentation that is delicate or requires higher electrical power than is available in drop towers. The intensified array camera is a charge intensified device type that responds to light between 400 and 900 nm and has a minimum sensitivity of 10(exp 6) footcandles. The paper sample, either ashless filter paper or a lab wiper, burns inside a sealed chamber which is filled with 21, 18, or 15 pct. oxygen in nitrogen at one atmosphere. The camera views the edge of the paper and its output is recorded on videotape. Flame positions are measured every 0.1 sec to calculate flame spread rates. Comparisons with drop tower data indicate that the flame shapes and spread rates are affected by the residual g level in the aircraft.

Weiland, Karen J.↗