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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12

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NASA NTRS1981

Upper stage alternatives for the shuttle era

The status and general characteristics of Space Shuttle upper stages now in use or in development, as well as new vehicle possibilities are examined. Upper stage requirements for both civil and Department of Defense missions, categorized generally into near-term (early and mid-1980's), mid-term (late 1980's to mid-1990's), and far-term (late 1990's and beyond) are discussed. Finally, the technical, schedule and cost impact of alternative ways in which these requirements could be met are examined, and a number of conclusions and recommendations are reached.

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NASA NTRS1982

Precise time and time interval users, requirements and specifications

The functional areas of application of Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) were considered and expanded. A comprehensive overview of the PTTI requirements and applications would provide an opportunity for individuals working in a specific functional area. Mutual problems, requirements, applications or successes shared by those in other functional areas were studied. Based upon the results of a two year study a compendium of PTTI requirements, applications and the means of meeting the requirements among Department of Defense components, other government agencies and major commercial users was compiled and is presented. It was found that the planning process for PTTI support for new acquisitions or new programs was less than a well defined, coordinated process. The processes are described in general terms and a generic model for requirements determination and subsequent coordination which may enhance the planning process and introduce cost benefits to the program is also presented.

Bowser, J. R.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Summary of Orbital Debris Workshop

An Orbital Debris Workshop was conducted in July 1982. The working groups established were related to measurements of large particles, modeling of large particles, measurements of small particles, spacecraft hazard and shielding requirements, and space object management. The results of the Orbital Debris Workshop reaffirm the need for research to better understand the character of orbital debris, its effects on future spacecraft, and the related requirements for policy. A clear charter is required for this research to receive the necessary support, focus, and coordination. It was recommended that NASA assume the role of lead agency. The first task is to develop an overall plan with both Department of Defense and the North American Aerospace Defense Command participation.

Kessler, D. J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

MAGSAT and aeromagnetic data of the continental US

The MAGSAT data were used to produce a scalar anomaly map of the U.S. In order to remove the east-west striping anomalies, which are believed to be caused by the low-order polynomials used to reduce the orbital bias errors, a 2-D spectral filtering using the Fourier transform method was applied. The resultant low-pass filtered map, with the east-west stripings removed, resembles much closer the surface aeromagnetic map based on the U.S. MAGNET data. The spectral filtering was also applied to the MAGSAT vector data. Department of Defense gravity data was processed to produce a filtered U.S. gravity map whose spectral contents are comparable to those of the MAGSAT magnetic map.

Won, I. J.↗

NASA NTRS1982

Proceedings: Sixth Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems

The proceedings of a workshop on meteorological and environmental inputs to aviation systems held at The University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, Tennessee. October 26 - 28, 1982, are reported. The workshop, jointly sponsored by NASA, NOAA, and FAA, brought together many disciplines of the aviation communities in round table discussions. The major objectives of the workshop are to satisfy such needs of the sponsoring agencies as the expansion of our understanding and knowledge of the interaction of the atmosphere with aviation systems, the better definition and implementation of services to operators, and the collection and interpretation of data for establishing operational criteria relating the total meteorological inputs from the atmospheric sciences to the needs of aviation communities. The unique aspects of the workshop were the diversity of the participants and the achievement of communication across the interface of the boundaries between pilots, meteorologists, training personnel, accident investigators, traffic controllers, flight operation personnel from military, civil, general aviation, and commercial interests alike. Representatives were in attendance from government, airlines, private agencies, aircraft manufacturers, Department of Defense, industries, research institutes, and universities.

Walter Frost↗

NASA NTRS1983

Status of SAFT silver hydrogen cell development

Nickel-hydrogen cells appear to be an improvement over the nickel-cadmium in applications requiring longer lifetime and reduced weight. An even more efficient couple, the silver-hydrogen couple, is also considered. After a theoretical study first performed by the Battelle Institute of Geneva under ESA (European Space Agency) contract, SAFT has undertaken more detailed analyses of the silver-hydrogen degradation mechanisms. ESA and the French Department of Defense contracted with SAFT for a full-development program of the silver-hydrogen technology.

Goualard, B. J.↗

NASA NTRS1981

Impact of VLSI/VHSIC on satellite on-board signal processing

Forecasted improvements in IC fabrication techniques, such as the use of X-ray lithography, are expected to yield submicron circuit feature sizes within the decade of the 1980s. As dimensions decrease, reliability, cost, speed, power consumption and density improvements will be realized which have a significant impact on the capabilities of onboard spacecraft signal processing functions. This will in turn result in increases of the intelligence that may be deployed on spaceborne remote sensing platforms. Among programs oriented toward such goals are the silicon-based Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) researches sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense, and efforts toward the development of GaAs devices which will compete with silicon VLSI technology for future applications. GaAs has an electron mobility which is five to six times that of silicon, and promises commensurate computation speed increases under low field conditions.

Aanstoos, J. V.↗

NASA NTRS1983

AFFTC overview of orbiter-reentry flight-test results

The Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC) has been participating in the flight testing of the Space Shuttle since 1976. An independent assessment of the reentry and landing capabilities of the Orbiter was conducted with respect to Department of Defense (DOD) missions. This activity is on-going and reports have been published after each flight. AFFTC participation in this conference is not directly related to the DOD assessment activity, however, and the views presented by myself and other AFFTC authors discuss the technical aspects of testing and the technology emanating from these tests.

Hoey, R. G.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Product definition data interface

The development and application of advanced Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology in aerospace industry is discussed. New CAD/CAM capabilities provide the engineer and production worker with tools to produce better products and significantly improve productivity. This technology is expanding in all phases of engineering and manufacturing with large potential for improvements in productivity. The integration of CAD and CAM systematically to insure maximum utility throughout the U.S. Aerospace Industry, its large community of supporting suppliers, and the Department of Defense aircraft overhaul and repair facilities is outlined. The need for a framework for exchange of digital product definition data, which serves the function of the conventional engineering drawing is emphasized.

Birchfield, B.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Fuel property effects on USN gas turbine combustors

For several years the Department of Defense has been sponsoring fuel accommodation investigations with gas turbine engine manufacturers and supporting organizations to quantify the effect of changes in fuel properties and characteristics on the operation and performance of military engine components and systems. Inasmuch as there are many differences in hardware between the operational engines in the military inventories, due to differences in design philosophy and requirements, efforts were initially expended to acquire fuel effects data from rigs simulating the hot sections of these different engines. Correlations were then sought using the data acquired to produce more general, generic relationships that could be applied to all military gas turbine engines regardless of their origin. Finally, models could be developed from these correlations that could predict the effect of fuel property changes on current and future engines. This presentation describes some of the work performed by Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, under Naval Air Propulsion Center sponsorship, to determine the effect of fuel properties on the hot section and fuel system of the Navy's TF30-P-414 gas turbine engine.

Masters, A. I.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Survey (SERIES) project

The Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the Department of Defense primarily for navigation use by the United States Armed Forces. The system will consist of a constellation of 18 operational Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging (NAVSTAR) satellites by the late 1980's. During the last four years, the Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying (SERIES) team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has developed a novel receiver which is the heart of the SERIES geodetic system designed to use signals broadcast from the GPS. This receiver does not require knowledge of the exact code sequence being transmitted. In addition, when two SERIES receivers are used differentially to determine a baseline, few cm accuracies can be obtained. The initial engineering test phase has been completed for the SERIES Project. Baseline lengths, ranging from 150 meters to 171 kilometers, have been measured with 0.3 cm to 7 cm accuracies. This technology, which is sponsored by the NASA Geodynamics Program, has been developed at JPL to meet the challenge for high precision, cost-effective geodesy, and to complement the mobile Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) system for Earth surveying.

Buennagel, L. A.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Status of the National Space Transportation System

The National Space Transportation System is a national resources serving the government, Department of Defense and commercial needs of the USA and others. Four orbital flight tests were completed July 4, 1982, and the first Operational Flight (STS-5) which placed two commercial communications into orbit was conducted November 11, 1982. February 1983 marked the first flight of the newest orbiter, Challenger. Planned firsts in 1983 include: use of higher performance main engines and solid rocket boosters, around-the-clock crew operations, a night landing, extra-vehicular activity, a dedicated DOD mission, and the first flight of a woman crew member. By the end of 1983, five commercial payloads and two tracking and data relay satellites should be deployed and thirty-seven crew members should have made flights aboard the space shuttle.

Abrahamson, J. A.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Air Force satellite position management

The Space Act of 1958 identified the Department of Defense as responsible for conducting military operations in space. Subsequently, the United States Air Force was assigned to act as the DOD's executive agent for space. In addition, the Air Force is responsible for acquisition and launch of DOD space systems. Within the Air Force, space related roles and activities have been delegated to several subordinate organizations and agencies. The roles and responsibilities of agencies are still evolving. The Air Force has designated the Air Force System Command's Space Division as its office of primary responsibility for satellite position management. Spacecraft program offices at Space Division are required by regulation to include position management planning in both prelaunch and orbital phases of spacecraft development and operation.

Davis, R.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Air-sea interaction with SSM/I and altimeter

A number of important developments in satellite remote sensing techniques have occurred recently which offer the possibility of studying over vast areas of the ocean the temporally evolving energy exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. Commencing in spring of 1985, passive and active microwave sensors that can provide valuable data for scientific utilization will start to become operational on Department of Defense (DOD) missions. The passive microwave radiometer can be used to estimate surface wind speed, total air column humidity, and rain rate. The active radar, or altimeter, senses surface gravity wave height and surface wind speed.

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NASA NTRS1985

High-resolution X-ray spectra of solar flares. VII - A long-duration X-ray flare associated with a coronal mass ejection

It has been recognized that very long duration X-ray events (lasting several hours) are frequently associated with coronal mass ejection. Thus, Sheeley et al. (1983) found that the probability of the occurrence of a coronal mass ejection (CME) increases monotonically with the X-ray event duration time. It is pointed out that the association of long-duration, or long-decay, X-ray events (LDEs) with CMEs was first recognized from analysis of solar images obtained by the X-ray telescopes on Skylab and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) slitless spectroheliograph. Recently high-resolution Bragg crystal X-ray spectrometers have been flown on three spacecraft, including the Department of Defense P78-1 spacecraft, the NASA Solar Maximum Mission (SMM), and the Japanese Hinotori spacecraft. In the present paper, P78-1 X-ray spectra of an LDE which had its origin behind the solar west limb on November 14, 1980 is presented. The obtained data make it possible to estimate temperatures of the hottest portion of the magnetic loops in which the emission arises.

Kreplin, R. W.↗

NASA NTRS1984

Review of the Tri-Agency Space Nuclear Reactor Power System Technology Program

The Space Nuclear Reactor Power System Technology Program designated SP-100 was created in 1983 by NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Attention is presently given to the development history of SP-100 over the course of its first year, in which it has been engaged in program objectives' definition, the analysis of civil and military missions, nuclear power system functional requirements' definition, concept definition studies, the selection of primary concepts for technology feasibility validation, and the acquisition of initial experimental and analytical results.

Ambrus, J. H.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Overview of free-piston Stirling technology at the NASA Lewis Research Center

An overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center (Lewis) free-piston Stirling engine activities is presented. These activities include: (1) a generic free-piston Stirling technology project being conducted to develop technologies synergistic to both space power and terrestrial heat pump applications in a cooperative, cost-shared effort with the Department of Energy (DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ONRL)), and (2) a free-piston Stirling space-power technology demonstration project as part of the SP-100 program being conducted in support of the Department of Defense (DOD), DOE, and NASA/Lewis. The generic technology effort includes extensive parametric testing of a 1 kw free-piston Stirling engine (RE-1000), development and validation of a free-piston Stirling performance computer code, and fabrication and initial testing of an hydraulic output modification for the RE-1000 engine. The space power technology effort, under SP-100, addresses the status of the 25 kWe Space Power Demonstrator Engine (SPDE) including early test results.

Slaby, J. G.↗

NASA NTRS1985

Software development in Ada

Ada will soon become a part of systems developed for the US Department of Defense. NASA must determine whether it will become part of its environment and particularly whether it will become a part fo the space station development. However, there are several issues about Ada which should be considered before this decision is made. One means of considering these issues is the examination of other developments in Ada. Unfortunately, few full scale developments have been completed or made publicly available for observation. Therefore, it will probably be necessary to study an Ada development in a NASA environment. Another means related to the first is the development of Ada metrics which can be used to characterize and evaluate Ada developments. These metrics need not be confined to full scale developments and could be used to evaluate on going projects as well. An early development in Ada, some observations from that development, metrics which were developed for use with Ada, and future directions for research into the use of Ada in software development in general and in the NASA Goddard environment in particular are described.

Basili, V. R.↗