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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12

An ab initio investigation of possible intermediates in the reaction of the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals

Ab initio quantum chemical techniques are used to investigate covalently-bonded and hydrogen-bonded species that may be important intermediates in the reaction of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals. Stable structures of both types are identified. Basis sets of polarized double zeta quality and large scale configuration interaction wave functions are utilized. Based on electronic energies, the covalently bonded HOOOH species is 26.4 kcal/mol more stable than the OH and HO2 radicals. Similarly, the hydrogen bonded HO---HO2 species has an electronic energy 4.7 kcal/mol below that of the component radicals, after correction is made for the basis set superposition error. The hydrogen bonded form is planar, possesses one relatively normal hydrogen bond, and has the lowest energy 3A' and 1A' states that are essentially degenerate. The 1A" and 3A" excited states produced by rotation of the unpaired OH electron into the molecular plane are very slightly bound.

Jackels, C. F.↗

Representations of Shavitt Graphs Within the Graphical Unitary Group Approach

The Shavitt graph is a visual representation of a distinct row table (DRT) within the graphical unitary group approach. The DRT is a compact representation of the entire configuration state function expansion space within a molecular electronic structure calculation. Each node of the graph is associated with an integer triple (a k , b k , c k ). These integers may be mapped to other quantum numbers, including the number of orbitals, number of electrons, and spin quantum number, and used to display Shavitt graphs in various ways that emphasize different aspects of the expansion space or that reveal different aspects of computed wave functions. In conclusion, the features of several graph density plots are discussed, including electron-hole symmetries and the bonding-antibonding wave function character.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

Nonlinear wave interactions and evolution of a ring-beam distribution of energetic electrons

A ring-beam distribution function of moderately relativistic electrons is unstable to electromagnetic and electrostatic waves. The results obtained in numerical simulations show that electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the normal modes of the background plasma is observed to grow even in the presence of a strong electrostatic instability and becomes very strong when the growth of the electrostatic Langmuir waves is minimized, and that the instability process is best described as a beam cyclotron resonance. Another strong radiation generated by the ring beam is the Z mode which is coupled to the electrostatic Langmuir wave. Under certain circumstances, these mechanisms may be significant in astrophysical situations.

Kainer, S.↗

Theoretical Studies of Chemical Reactions following Electronic Excitation

The use of multi-configurational wave functions is demonstrated for several processes: tautomerization reactions in the ground and excited states of the DNA base adenine, dissociation of glycine molecule after electronic excitation, and decomposition/deformation of novel rare gas molecules HRgF. These processes involve bond brealung/formation and require multi-configurational approaches that include dynamic correlation.

Chaban, Galina M.↗

Photon-scattering cross sections of H2 and He measured with synchrotron radiation

Total (elastic + inelastic) differential photon-scattering cross sections have been measured for H2 gas and for He, using an X-ray beam. Absolute measured cross sections agree with theory within the probable errors. Relative cross sections (normalized to theory at large S) agree to better than 1% with theoretical values calculated from wave functions that include the effect of electron-electron Coulomb correlation, but the data deviate significantly from theoretical independent-particle (e.g., Hartree-Fock) results. The ratios of measured absolute He cross sections to those of H2, at any given S, also agree to better than 1% with theoretical He-to-H2 cross-section ratios computed from correlated wave functions. It appears that photon scattering constitutes a very promising tool for probing electron correlation in light atoms and molecules. The degree of polarization of the synchrotron radiation beam has been measured by rotating the scattering plane about the beam axis; results are compared with theory.

Ice, G. E.↗

Photon scattering cross sections of H2 and He measured with synchrotron radiation

Total (elastic + inelastic) differential photon scattering cross sections have been measured for H2 gas and He, using an X-ray beam. Absolute measured cross sections agree with theory within the probable errors. Relative cross sections (normalized to theory at large S) agree to better than one percent with theoretical values calculated from wave functions that include the effect of electron-electron Coulomb correlation, but the data deviate significantly from theoretical independent-particle (e.g., Hartree-Fock) results. The ratios of measured absolute He cross sections to those of H2, at any given S, also agree to better than one percent with theoretical He-to-H2 cross-section ratios computed from correlated wave functions. It appears that photon scattering constitutes a very promising tool for probing electron correlation in light atoms and molecules.

Ice, G. E.↗

Metastable Bound States of the Two-Dimensional Bimagnetoexcitons in the Lowest Landau Levels Approximation

The possible existence of the bound states of the interacting two-dimensional (2D) magnetoexcitons in the lowest Landau levels (LLLs) approximation was investigated using the Landau gauge description. The magnetoexcitons taking part in the formation of the bound state with resultant wave vector k=0 have opposite in-plane wave vectors k and −k and look as two electric dipoles with the arms oriented in-plane perpendicularly to the corresponding wave vectors. The bound state of two antiparallel dipoles moving with equal probability in any direction of the plane with equal but antiparallel wave vectors is characterized by the variational wave function of the relative motion φ{sub n}(k) depending on the modulus |k|. The spins of two electrons and the effective spins of two holes forming the bound states were combined separately in the symmetric or in the antisymmetric forms (↑↓ +η ↓↑) with the same parameter η=±1 for electrons and holes. In the case of the variational wave function φ{sub 2}(k)=(8α{sup 3}){sup 1/2}k{sup 2}l{sub 0}{sup 2}exp [−αk{sup 2}l{sub 0}{sup 2}] the maximum density of the magnetoexcitons in the momentum space representation is concentrated on the in-plane ring with the radius k{sub r}=1/(√αl{sub 0}). The stable bound states of the bimagnetoexciton molecule do not exist for both spin orientations. Instead of them, a deep metastable bound state with the activation barrier comparable with the ionization potential I{sub l} of the magnetoexciton with k=0 was revealed in the case η=1 and α=0.5. In the case η=−1 and α=3.4 only a shallow metastable bound state can appear.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗

TurboRVB: A many-body toolkit for ab initio electronic simulations by quantum Monte Carlo

TurboRVB is a computational package for ab initio Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations of both molecular and bulk electronic systems. The code implements two types of well established QMC algorithms: Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) and diffusion Monte Carlo in its robust and efficient lattice regularized variant. A key feature of the code is the possibility of using strongly correlated many-body wave functions (WFs), capable of describing several materials with very high accuracy, even when standard mean-field approaches [e.g., density functional theory (DFT)] fail. The electronic WF is obtained by applying a Jastrow factor, which takes into account dynamical correlations, to the most general mean-field ground state, written either as an antisymmetrized geminal power with spin-singlet pairing or as a Pfaffian, including both singlet and triplet correlations. This WF can be viewed as an efficient implementation of the so-called resonating valence bond (RVB) Ansatz, first proposed by Pauling and Anderson in quantum chemistry [L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond (Cornell University Press, 1960)] and condensed matter physics [P.W. Anderson, Mat. Res. Bull 8, 153 (1973)], respectively. The RVB Ansatz implemented in TurboRVB has a large variational freedom, including the Jastrow correlated Slater determinant as its simplest, but nontrivial case. Moreover, it has the remarkable advantage of remaining with an affordable computational cost, proportional to the one spent for the evaluation of a single Slater determinant. Therefore, its application to large systems is computationally feasible. The WF is expanded in a localized basis set. Several basis set functions are implemented, such as Gaussian, Slater, and mixed types, with no restriction on the choice of their contraction. The code implements the adjoint algorithmic differentiation that enables a very efficient evaluation of energy derivatives, comprising the ionic forces. Thus, one can perform structural optimizations and molecular dynamics in the canonical NVT ensemble at the VMC level. For the electronic part, a full WF optimization (Jastrow and antisymmetric parts together) is made possible, thanks to state-of-the-art stochastic algorithms for energy minimization. In the optimization procedure, the first guess can be obtained at the mean-field level by a built-in DFT driver. The code was efficiently parallelized by using a hybrid MPI-OpenMP protocol, which is also an ideal environment for exploiting the computational power of modern Graphics Processing Unit accelerators.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

SchrödingerNet: A Universal Neural Network Solver for the Schrödinger Equation

Recent advances in machine learning have facilitated numerically accurate solution of the electronic Schrödinger equation (SE) by integrating various neural network (NN)-based wave function ansatzes with variational Monte Carlo methods. Nevertheless, such NN-based methods are all based on the Born–Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) and require computationally expensive training for each nuclear configuration. In this work, we propose a novel NN architecture, SchrödingerNet, to solve the full electronic-nuclear SE by defining a loss function designed to equalize local energies across the system. This approach is based on a translationally, rotationally and permutationally symmetry-adapted total wave function ansatz that includes both nuclear and electronic coordinates. Furthermore, this strategy not only allows for an efficient and accurate generation of a continuous potential energy surface at any geometry within the well-sampled nuclear configuration space, but also incorporates non-BOA corrections, through a single training process. Comparison with benchmarks of atomic and small molecular systems demonstrates its accuracy and efficiency.

Chemical calculations↗

Ground state wave functions for single-band Hubbard models from the Gutzwiller conjugate gradient minimisation theory

The Gutzwiller conjugate gradient minimisation (GCGM) theory is an ab initio quantum many-body theory for computing the ground-state properties of infinite systems. Previous applications of GCGM provides satisfying accuracy of ground-state energy of Hubbard models. In the current work, we address the problem of whether the obtained wave function is a good approximation for the true ground state by comparing the correlation functions with the benchmark data. Additionally, our results confirms the accuracy of the reproduced ground state of the regular Hubbard model, but with some exception for the frustrated Hubbard model.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗

Electron beams and Langmuir turbulence in solar type III radio bursts observed in the interplanetary medium

Results are presented of in situ observations of electron beams, plasma waves, and associated solar type II radio emission in the interplanetary medium near 1 AU, which were provided by the ISEE-3 spacecraft. It is shown that electron beams are formed by the faster electrons arriving before the slower ones, following an impulsive injection at the sun. The resulting bump-on-tail in the reduced 1D distribution function is unstable to the growth of electrostatic electron plasma (Langmuir) waves. The Langmuir waves are observed to be highly impulsive in nature. The onset and temporal variations of the observed plasma waves are in good qualitative agreement with the wave growth expected from the evolution of the measured 1D distribution function. The lack of obvious plateauing of the bump-on-tail suggests that the waves were removed from resonance with the beam electrons by some wave-wave interaction.

Lin, R. P.↗

Application of the Screened Hydrogenic Model to Light Atoms

The purpose of this work was to develop a Screened Hydrogenic Model (SHM) to accurately calculate the electron energies for light atoms and ions with up to ten electrons for atomic numbers up to 18. The total energy of an atom or ion was calculated with effective nuclear charges and screening parameters for each electron type (1s, 2s and 2p) within a specific electron configuration. Multiple energy states, centered at the total energy, were calculated for elec-tron configurations that have Russell Saunders coupling. The energy of each electron included its relativistic energy, EREL, but close overall agreement between the calculated and experimental energies of multi-electron configura-tions required that the one-electron expression for EREL be modified in a simple manner. In the present work, 98% of the 587 calculated energies for light atoms/ions have a relative error within ±0.1% of the corresponding experimental energies. The effective nuclear charges described in this work allow hydrogen-like wave functions to be defined for the electrons within a multi-electron configuration. The SHM, described in this work, is available for future calculations involving light atoms and ions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Electronically steerable millimeter wave antenna techniques for space shuttle applications

A large multi-function antenna aperture and related components are described which will perform electronic steering of one or more beams for two of the three applications envisioned: (1) communications, (2) radar, and (3) radiometry. The array consists of a 6-meter folded antenna that fits into two pallets. The communications frequencies are 20 and 30 GHz, while the radar is to operate at 13.9 GHz. Weight, prime power, and volumes are given parametrically; antenna designs, electronics configurations, and mechanical design were studied.

Kummer, W. H.↗

Shakeup and shakeoff spectra in the electron capture decay of atomic 7 Be

The most stringent laboratory-based experimental limits on the existence of submegaelectronvolt sterile neutrinos are currently set by decay spectroscopy of radioactive 7 Be embedded into superconducting sensors. The systematic uncertainties are dominated by the modeling of the electron shakeup and shakeoff spectra that are not based on state-of-the-art atomic theory and do not include electron correlations or relativistic effects. We have used the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock formalism to obtain correlated wave functions ab initio and compute all single and double shake processes in the electron capture decay of atomic 7 Be . The simulations can explain some but not all of the observed spectral features, likely because the wave functions are modified by the Ta sensor material that the 7 Be is embedded into. The new models also show that the 𝐿/𝐾 electron capture ratio of 7 Be in Ta has previously been slightly underestimated revising the previous value of 0.070(7) to a new value of 0.0756(20).

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗

Whistler wave generation by electron temperature anisotropy during magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause

Two magnetopause reconnection events of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission with whistler wave activity are presented. The whistler mode around half of the electron cyclotron frequency is excited near the magnetospheric separatrix. In both events, there are positive correlations between the whistler wave and the lower hybrid drift instability (LHDI) activities, suggesting a possible role of LHDI in the whistler wave generation. A sudden change in the electron pitch angle distribution (PAD) function of energetic electrons is observed right after intense LHDI activity. This change in the PAD leads to temperature anisotropy in energetic electrons which is responsible for the whistler wave excitation. The measured dispersion relation demonstrates that the whistler wave propagates toward the X line nearly parallel to the magnetic field line. Furthermore, a linear analysis with the measured distribution function verifies that the whistler mode is excited by the temperature anisotropy in energetic electrons.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

An efficient random-sampling method for calculating double occupancy of Gutzwiller wave function in single-band 1D and 2D lattices

In this paper, we report a random sampling method for computing the expectation value of physical quantities based on the Gutzwiler variational wave function. As the first application, we calculated the double occupancy, which is a critical quantity for under- standing the correlation effects in many-body systems, for single-band 1D and 2D lattices. We demonstrated that the random sampling scheme is more efficient than an existing Metropolis Monte-Carlo algorithm. For the 1D Hubbard model with only nearest-neighbor hopping, our results are almost identical to the exact analytic solution. We have also studied systems to which analytic solutions are not available, including the 1D lattices with next-nearest-neighbor hopping and 2D lattices. In addition, constraints on real-space con gurations can be easily implemented in the current scheme to further improve the Gutzwiller wave function. As an example, we calculated the double occupancy for 1D Hubbard model by applying the constraint that all double-occupied sites are paired with an empty site. With enhanced correlation between double-occupied and empty sites, the constraint results in much improved ground-state energy for 1D Hubbard model with strong on-site repulsion.

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS↗