Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “FILAMENT”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1989

Microwave evidence for large-scale changes associated with a filament eruption

VLA observations at 6 and 20 cm wavelengths taken on August 3, 1985 are presented, showing an eruptive filament event in which microwave emission originated in two widely separated regions during the disintegration of the filament. The amount of heat required for the enhancement is estimated. Near-simultaneous changes in intensity and polarization were observed in the western components of the northern and southern regions. It is suggested that large-scale magnetic interconnections permitted the two regions to respond similarly to an external energy or mass source involved in the disruption of the filament.

Kundu, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Hot filament technique for measuring the thermal conductivity of molten lithium fluoride

Molten salts, such as lithium fluoride, are attractive candidates for thermal energy storage in solar dynamic space power systems because of their high latent heat of fusion. However, these same salts have poor thermal conductivities which inhibit the transfer of heat into the solid phase and out of the liquid phase. One concept for improving the thermal conductivity of the thermal energy storage system is to add a conductive filler material to the molten salt. High thermal conductivity pitch-based graphite fibers are being considered for this application. Although there is some information available on the thermal conductivity of lithium fluoride solid, there is very little information on lithium fluoride liquid, and no information on molten salt graphite fiber composites. This paper describes a hot filament technique for determining the thermal conductivity of molten salts. The hot filament technique was used to find the thermal conductivity of molten lithium fluoride at 930 C, and the thermal conductivity values ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 W/mK. These values are comparable to the slightly larger value of 5.0 W/mK for lithium fluoride solid. In addition, two molten salt graphite fiber composites were characterized with the hot filament technique and these results are also presented.

Jaworske, Donald A.↗
NASA NTRS1989

On the mechanics of filament winding. I - A generalized model

In this paper the filament winding process was analyzed to relate process variables to structural parameters. An analytical model has been developed for a filament wound preform by determining the necessary geometric and kinematic conditions. An equation of motion of winding was developed to predict layer by layer geometry using the mandrel shape as the initial boundary condition. This model provides the laws of motion of the traverse stroke relative to the mandrel to ensure that the filament laydown is of the predetermined geodesic path over the mandrel, that the winding density is distributed over the mandrel in the prearranged manner, and that the winding build is being formed to reproduce the preassigned shape or contour of the preform. From this analysis, the winding process parameters can be controlled accordingly to produce any given shape. The analytical model was used to produce computer simulation of the winding process. The dynamic simulation of the winding process visualizes and inspects the layer by layer path of the tow and provides process variables required to produce preforms of optimum structural parameters.

Hamouda, Hechmi↗
NASA NTRS1992

Making Crystal Filaments From Extruded Ceramic Rods

New process produces single-crystal fibers of ceramic or metal at lower cost. Single-crystal filament drawn from tip of extruded polycrystalline rod. Extrusion produces longer rods from which longer fibers drawn. Potentially feeds single fiber drawing process directly. Continuous filaments made, and material not subjected to contamination from storage and transfer to drawing machine. Filaments used as reinforcing fibers in composite materials.

Westfall, Leonard J.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Filament disappearances and associated shocks of May 1979

In late May 1979 a shock was seen at each of two locations separated by about 90 deg in heliolongitude and at about the same time. A shock was detected near the earth, and a shock was detected at Helios 1 when it was off the sun's west limb. Some authors have considered that these shocks were part of the same event, which originated with a filament disappearance near 65 deg W. The paper discusses the observations which show that a large complex filament, extending from 20 deg to 70 deg W, disappeared in several places, probably generating more than one shock. The shock detected near earth was probably associated with a filament section which disappeared near the central meridian. If this is the case, then the interplanetary scintillation observations of this time period can be explained without invoking highly anisotropic shock propagation.

Cane, H. V.↗
NASA NTRS1992

X-ray-emitting filaments in the cooling flow cluster A2029

High-resolution X-ray observations of the cluster A2029 are presented which confirm the presence of a cooling flow, despite the lack of optical line emission or evidence for recent star formation. The cooling rate and radius are about 370 solar mass/yr and 230 kpc, respectively. Emission from the inner cooling flow is dominated by a number of X-ray-emitting filaments. This may be the first case where such inhomogeneities are clearly resolved. The filaments are theorized to be supported in part by magnetic fields and may be connected with the filaments of very strong Faraday rotation seen in several nearly cooling flows.

Sarazin, Craig L.↗
NASA NTRS1993

System Applies Polymer Powder To Filament Tow

Polymer powder applied uniformly and in continuous manner. Powder-coating system applies dry polymer powder to continuous fiber tow. Unique filament-spreading technique, combined with precise control of tension on fibers in system, ensures uniform application of polymer powder to web of spread filaments. Fiber tows impregnated with dry polymer powders ("towpregs") produced for preform-weaving and composite-material-molding applications. System and process valuable to prepreg industry, for production of flexible filament-windable tows and high-temperature polymer prepregs.

Baucom, Robert M.↗
NASA NTRS1992

The structure of the coronal soft X-ray source associated with the dark filament disappearance of 1991 September 28 using the Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope

The structure of the coronal soft X-ray source associated with the dark filament disappearance on September 28, 1991, observed with the Soft X-ray Telescope, is examined as a possible example of the 'eruption-reconnection' model of filament disappearance. The results suggest, however, that this model may not fit. There is a strong possibility that much of the dark filament mass remains in the heated unwinding axial field.

Mcallister, Alan↗
NASA NTRS1993

Influence of local fiber undulations on the global buckling behavior of filament-wound cylinders

The predicted compressive stiffness and buckling strength of filament-wound cylinders using classical lamination theory is significantly higher than those observed experimentally. This discrepancy is partially influenced by the variation of mechanical properties in the region of fiber undulations. These regions are localized geometric defects intrinsic to the filament-winding, weaving, and braiding processes. In the present work, the average mechanical properties of the fiber undulation region are quantified using modified models of woven-fabric composites to account for the 3-dimensional effects. The mechanical properties thus determined can be incorporated as local element properties into global finite-element models. Preliminary results from large-displacement analyses of filament-wound cylinders are relatively more accurate when fiber undulations are accounted for.

Jensen, D. W.↗
NASA NTRS1994

Structural design criteria for filament-wound composite shells

Advanced composite cylinders, manufactured by filament winding, provide a cost effective solution to many present structural applications; however, the compressive performance of filament-wound cylinders is lower than comparable shells fabricated from unidirectional tape. The objective of this study was to determine the cause of this reduction in thin filament-wound cylinders by relating the manufacturing procedures to the quality of the cylinder and to its compressive performance. The experiments on cylinder buckling were complemented by eigenvalue buckling analysis using a detailed geometric model in a finite element analysis. The applicability of classical buckling analyses was also investigated as a design tool.

Hahn, H. T.↗
NASA NTRS1994

A filament of energetic particles near the high-latitude dawn magnetopause

The Geotail satelite detected a filament of tailward-streaming energetic particles spatially separated from the boundary layer of energetic particles at the high-latitude dawn magnetopause at a downstream distance of approximately 80 R(sub E) on October 27, 1992. During this event, the composition and charge states of energetic ions at energies above approximately 10 keV show significant intermix of ions from solar wind and ionospheric sources. Detailed analysis leads to the deduction that the filament was moving southward towards the neutral sheet at an average speed of approximately 80 km/s, implying an average duskward electric field of approximately 1 mV/m. Its north-south dimension was approximately 1 R(sub E) and it was associated with an earthward directed field-aligned current of approximately 5 mA/m. The filament was separated from the energetic particle boundary layer straddling the magnetopause by approximately 0.8 R(sub E) and was inferred to be detached from the boundary layer at downstream distance beyond approximately 70 R(sub E) in the distant tail.

Lui, A. T. Y.↗
NASA NTRS1999

Quantification of Processing Effects on Filament Wound Pressure Vessels

A computational simulation procedure is described which is designed specifically for the modeling and analysis of filament wound pressure vessels. Cylindrical vessels with spherical or elliptical end caps can be generated automatically. End caps other than spherical or elliptical may be modeled by varying circular sections along the x-axis according to the C C! end cap shape. The finite element model generated is composed of plate type quadrilateral shell elements on the entire vessel surface. This computational procedure can also be sued to generate grid, connectivity and material cards (bulk data) for component parts of a larger model. These bulk data are assigned to a user designated file for finite element structural/stress analysis of composite pressure vessels. The procedure accommodates filament would pressure vessels of all types of shells-of-revolution. It has provisions to readily evaluate initial stresses due to pretension in the winding filaments and residual stresses due to cure temperature.

Aiello, Robert A.↗
NASA NTRS2000

[Sr II] Detected in a Nebular Filament Near Eta Carinae

Observations with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope reveal a peculiar emission line region in the close vicinity to Eta Carinae. The lines of [SrII], [MnII], [CoII], [TiII], [NiII] and [FeI] are detected in the 6400-7000 Angstrom spectral interval at a blue-shifted velocity of approximately 95 km/sec and seem to be associated with a long, narrow filament with dimensions of less than 0.5 inches by 1.1 inches. The filament is notable as it is separate both in velocity and structure from the bright emission of the Integral Nebula. This filament is buried within the Homunculus and is not visible in direct images which are dominated by reflection nebulosities. In our literature searches we have found no evidence of strontium emission lines in nebulae. We are aware of permitted transitions of strontium seen in AGB stars. S-processed elements like strontium are not expected in the ejecta of a massive star like Eta Carinae. Detection of [SrII] and the fact that the [NiII], [MnII] and [CoII] lines are unusually strong compared to [FeI] are quite a surprise. It has long been known that nitrogen is overabundant in the ejecta of Eta Carinae. Is this processed material from the present star(s)? Has there been processed material ejected from a more evolved companion? The situation is decidedly mysterious. This research has been supported by NASA through STScI grants and the STIS GTO funding.

Gull, T.R.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Quantification of Processing Effects on Filament Wound Pressure Vessels

A computational simulation procedure is described which is designed specifically for the modeling and analysis of filament wound pressure vessels. Cylindrical vessels with spherical or elliptical end caps can be generated automatically. End caps other than spherical or elliptical may be modeled by varying circular sections along the x-axis according to the end cap shape. The finite element model generated is composed of plate type quadrilateral shell elements on the entire vessel surface. This computational procedure can also be used to generate grid, connectivity and material cards (bulk data) for component parts of a larger model. These bulk data are assigned to a user designated file for finite element structural/stress analysis of composite pressure vessels. The procedure accommodates filament wound pressure vessels of all types of shells-of -revolution. It has provisions to readily evaluate initial stresses due to pretension in the winding filaments and residual stresses due to cure temperature.

Aiello, Robert A.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Endospore-forming filamentous bacteria symbiotic in termites: ultrastructure and growth in culture of Arthromitus

Many morphologically distinguishable filamentous spore-forming bacteria symbiotic in the paunch (hypertrophied hindguts) of wood-eating insects have been seen since Arthromitus was first described and named as a plant by Leidy in 1850. Previous descriptions were inadequate for acceptance of the group in modern bacteriological literature. Twenty-two distinguishable arthromitids in nine different arthropod hosts are recorded on the basis of microscopic studies. Five are named, including two whose ultrastructure are detailed: Arthromitus chasei sp. nov. that lives in the damp wood-eating termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (from the west coast of North America) and Arthromitus reticulitermitidis sp. nov. from the subterranean west coast termite Reticulitermes tibialis. A pterotermiditis from the desert termite Pterotermitidis occidentis; A. zootermopsidis, also from Z. angusticollis; and A. cristatus (Leidy, 1881) from Reticulitermes flavipes of eastern North America are also named here. Characterized by trichomes that show a morphogenetic sequence from no spores through immature spores to mature spores with spore filaments, Arthromitus symbionts can be identified as members of the genus by light microscopy and habitat. Electron microscopy reveals their remarkable complexity. They attach by spore filaments to various objects including the host gut wall; their maturation extends distally toward the termite lumen. By surface sterilization of the termite, maceration of the paunch, exposure to boiling temperatures and plating on soft acetate agar, the heat resistant nature of the spores and facultatively aerobic nature of Arthromitus sp. (from Zootermopsis) was demonstrated.

NASA Discipline Number 52-30↗
NASA NTRS2001

STEM Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans muscle thick filaments: evidence for microdifferentiated substructures

In the thick filaments of body muscle in Caenorhabditis elegans, myosin A and myosin B isoforms and a subpopulation of paramyosin, a homologue of myosin heavy chain rods, are organized about a tubular core. As determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy, the thick filaments show a continuous decrease in mass-per-length (MPL) from their central zones to their polar regions. This is consistent with previously reported morphological studies and suggests that both their content and structural organization are microdifferentiated as a function of position. The cores are composed of a second distinct subpopulation of paramyosin in association with the alpha, beta, and gamma-filagenins. MPL measurements suggest that cores are formed from seven subfilaments containing four strands of paramyosin molecules, rather than the two originally proposed. The periodic locations of the filagenins within different regions and the presence of a central zone where myosin A is located, implies that the cores are also microdifferentiated with respect to molecular content and structure. This differentiation may result from a novel "induced strain" assembly mechanism based upon the interaction of the filagenins, paramyosin and myosin A. The cores may then serve as "differentiated templates" for the assembly of myosin B and paramyosin in the tapering, microdifferentiated polar regions of the thick filaments.

NASA Discipline Musculoskeletal↗
NASA NTRS2008

Hybrid Wound Filaments for Greater Resistance to Impacts

A hybrid material containing wound filaments made of a hybrid of high-strength carbon fibers and poly(phenylene benzobisoxazole) [PBO] fibers is discussed. This hybrid material is chosen in an effort to increase the ability of the pressure vessel to resist damage by low-speed impacts (e.g., dropping of tools on the vessel or bumping of the vessel against hard objects during installation and use) without significantly increasing the weight of the vessel. While the basic concept of hybridizing fibers in filament-wound structures is not new, the use of hybridization to increase resistance to impacts is an innovation, and can be expected to be of interest in the composite-pressure-vessel industry. The precise types and the proportions of the high-strength carbon fibers and the PBO fibers in the hybrid are chosen, along with the filament-winding pattern, to maximize the advantageous effects and minimize the disadvantageous effects of each material. In particular, one seeks to (1) take advantage of the ability of the carbon fibers to resist stress rupture while minimizing their contribution to vulnerability of the vessel to impact damage and (2) take advantage of the toughness of the PBO fibers while minimizing their contribution to vulnerability of the vessel to stress rupture. Experiments on prototype vessels fabricated according to this concept have shown promising results. At the time of reporting the information for this article, research toward understanding and optimizing the performances of PBO fibers so as to minimize their contribution to vulnerability of the pressure vessel to stress rupture had yet to be performed.

DeLay, Thomas K.↗
NASA NTRS2011

Filaments from L5

We've been investigating filament eruptions in recent years. Why do eruptions occur? Basic mechanism is magnetic, and can often include coronal mass ejections (CMEs), flares, and filament eruptions. Use filament eruptions as markers of the more-general eruption. From our studies, we can identify directions for future work to help predict when eruptions might occur.

Sterling, Alphonse C.↗