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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Hydrodynamics of countercurrent flow in an additive-manufactured column with triply periodic minimal surfaces for carbon dioxide capture

Computational investigation of the countercurrent flows in an additively manufactured (AM) column packed with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is challenging. Multiphase flow simulations using the volume of fluid (VOF) method can explain the column’s hydrodynamic characteristics, including interfacial area, liquid holdup, pressure drop, flow regime, etc. The interfacial area is a key factor dictating the mass transfer via the absorption process, and thereby the overall efficiency of the column. The impacts of a solvent's physical properties, liquid and gas loads, and contact angle on the hydrodynamics are extensively explored. The solvents include traditional solvent (monoethanolamine [MEA]) used in industry as well as a water-lean solvent (EEMPA) as prospective solvents for carbon capture. As expected, interfacial area and liquid holdup increase with increasing liquid loads (q L ). The EEMPA exhibits higher values for the interfacial area and liquid holdup compared to those for the MEA. The dry and wet pressure drops per unit length in the column at different gas loads (F G ) are calculated and further compared with the empirical correlations for traditional packings. At low gas loads, i.e., in the preloading regime, the predicted values of the wet and dry pressure drops match well with the corresponding values calculated from available correlations. The gas load has a marginal impact on the interfacial area at its lower value, but the higher value of F G (>2.18 $\sqrt{Pa}$) causes flooding in the column. The effect of varying contact angles on the interfacial area and liquid holdup in the preloading regime is also studied. Both interfacial area and liquid holdup decrease with the increase in the value of the contact angle. Altogether, the effect of the contact angle on interfacial area is more pronounced than other parameters influencing the interfacial area.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Improving the accuracy of freight mode choice models: A case study using the 2017 CFS PUF data set and ensemble learning techniques

Here, the US Census Bureau has collected two rounds of experimental data from the Commodity Flow Survey, providing shipment-level characteristics of nationwide commodity movements, published in 2012 (i.e., Public Use Microdata) and in 2017 (i.e., Public Use File). With this information, data-driven methods have become increasingly valuable for understanding detailed patterns in freight logistics. In this study, we used the 2017 Commodity Flow Survey Public Use File data set to explore building a high-performance freight mode choice model, considering three main improvements: (1) constructing local models for each separate commodity/industry category; (2) extracting useful geographical features, particularly the derived distance of each freight mode between origin/destination zones; and (3) applying additional ensemble learning methods such as stacking or voting to combine results from local and unified models for improved performance. The proposed method achieved over 92% accuracy without incorporating external information, an over 19% increase compared to directly fitting Random Forests models over 10,000 samples. Furthermore, SHAP (Shapely Additive Explanations) values were computed to explain the outputs and major patterns obtained from the proposed model. The model framework could enhance the performance and interpretability of existing freight mode choice models.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2024

Compositional Variation Tests on DuraMelter 100 with LAW Sub-Envelope A1 Feed (LAWA44 Glass) in Support of the LAW Pilot Melter, VSL-02R62N0-4, Rev. 0 (Nov 2002)

The two tests described in this report utilized blended feed (glass formers plus waste simulant) prepared by Optima Chemicals according to VSL specifications generating about 1. 7 metric tons of glass. Sugar was added (at VSL) to the nominal feed at a "sugar ratio" of 0.5 for each of the two variation tests1; however, since the sugar addition is assumed to be "blind" to the variations, the actual sugar ratios were 0.57 and 0.44. The DMl00-WV melter was used in order to provide a direct comparison with the LAW tests previously conducted on the same melter. Two 100-hour melter tests were conducted: one with a 15% deficiency in simulant and one with 15% excess in simulant. Key operating parameters including cold cap coverage, feed rate, and glass pool temperature were held constant to investigate the effects of the glass compositional changes on processing characteristics (including salt formation) and the product glass. The bubbling rate was adjusted to provide the desired glass production rate with a near complete cold cap (90-100% of melt surface covered with feed). Quantitative measurements of glass production rates, melter operating conditions (temperatures, pressures, power, flows, etc.), and off-gas characteristics (NOx, SO 2, CO, particulate load and composition, and acid gases) were made for each test.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Fuel Flow Modeling under Thermal Fluidics Considerations within Operational Domains of Molten Salt Reactors

Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs) offer significant versatility supported by their design flexibility and safety advantages due to high temperatures, design customization capabilities, strong negative reactivity feedback effects, and salt chemistry characteristics. Different control schedules and different mass flow rates in the MSR primary systems impact neutronics and thermal hydraulics coupling. The result is two-fold. First, it leads to adaptability in various applications when the customization of a MSR unit is desired. Second, it calls for the quantification of dynamics and safety characteristics to assess the operational domain and make sure reactor stability and inherent safety characteristics are maintained. This paper provides an in-depth transient analysis of the operational implications of MSRs having heat-generating fuel and heat-transporting salt mixed forming liquid fuel salts contained within primary systems. A coupling model was developed to simulate fuel flow in molten salt reactors. A zero-dimensional reactor kinetics model was used with a one-dimensional heat transfer model in the reactor core. The temperature reactivity feedbacks of the fuel salt resulting from the thermal-hydraulics model were used in the reactor kinetics model to complete the coupled code. The model was applied to simulate the Molten Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR) response at steady state and transients. The developed model was shown to be a suitable tool for the dynamic analysis of molten salt reactors.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Interacting Effects of Watershed and Coastal Processes on the Evolution of Compound Flooding During Hurricane Irene

Abstract In low‐lying estuarine regions, compound flooding (CF) is caused by the co‐occurrence of extreme precipitation, river flooding and storm surge. In recent decades, there has been a rise in the frequency and intensity of pluvial‐coastal CF events in different parts of the U.S. due to the increased frequency of intense precipitation and storm surge events. However, in estuarine and deltaic regions, the CF characteristics depend mainly on the storm tide and river flow interaction. Understanding how the fluvial‐coastal CF may respond to changes to watershed and estuarine characteristics is essential for future CF hazard prediction. This study examined two critical processes: (a) the interplay between antecedent soil moisture conditions and peak river flow, and (b) how the impact of sea level rise (SLR) on storm surge and river flood distribution alters the CF in complex estuaries. As the study area, we selected the Delaware Bay and River, a shallow and convergent estuary in the US Mid‐Atlantic region—where flood hazards during a CF can become more significant than the surge and river flood processes occurring in isolation. For the focal event for the study, we selected Hurricane Irene (2011) because it reportedly produced the most extreme CF over the past two decades in the same region. Ultimately, our results illustrated that the potential changes to the catchment and bay characteristics from the global temperature increase and SLR could significantly modulate the fluvial‐coastal CF variability. The potential increase in global temperature and rainfall intensity might not always exacerbate the CF.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Validation and parameterization of a novel physics-constrained neural dynamics model applied to turbulent fluid flow

We report, in fluid physics, data-driven models to enhance or accelerate time to solution are becoming increasingly popular for many application domains, such as alternatives to turbulence closures, system surrogates, or for new physics discovery. In the context of reduced order models of high-dimensional time-dependent fluid systems, machine learning methods grant the benefit of automated learning from data, but the burden of a model lies on its reduced-order representation of both the fluid state and physical dynamics. In this work, we build a physics-constrained, data-driven reduced order model for Navier–Stokes equations to approximate spatiotemporal fluid dynamics in the canonical case of isotropic turbulence in a triply periodic box. The model design choices mimic numerical and physical constraints by, for example, implicitly enforcing the incompressibility constraint and utilizing continuous neural ordinary differential equations for tracking the evolution of the governing differential equation. We demonstrate this technique on a three-dimensional, moderate Reynolds number turbulent fluid flow. In assessing the statistical quality and characteristics of the machine-learned model through rigorous diagnostic tests, we find that our model is capable of reconstructing the dynamics of the flow over large integral timescales, favoring accuracy at the larger length scales. More significantly, comprehensive diagnostics suggest that physically interpretable model parameters, corresponding to the representations of the fluid state and dynamics, have attributable and quantifiable impact on the quality of the model predictions and computational complexity.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Magnetohydrodynamics in free surface liquid metal flow relevant to plasma-facing components

Abstract While flowing Liquid Metal (LM) Plasma-Facing Components (PFCs) represent a potentially transformative technology to enable long-pulse operation with high-power exhaust for fusion reactors, Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) drag in the conducting LM will reduce the flow speed. Experiments have been completed in the linear open-channel LMX-U device [Hvasta et al 2018 Nucl. Fusion 58 01602] for validation of MHD drag calculations with either insulating or conducting walls, with codes similar to those used to design flowing LM PFCs for a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility [Kessel et al 2019 Fusion Sci. Technol . 75 886]. We observe that the average channel flow speed decreased with the use of conducting walls and the strength of the applied transverse magnetic field. The MHD drag from the retarding Lorentz force resulted in an increase of the LM depth in the channel that ‘piled up’ near the inlet, but not the outlet. As reproduced by OpenFOAM and ANSYS CFX calculations, the magnitude and characteristics of the pileup in the flow direction increased with the applied traverse magnetic field by up to 120%, as compared to the case without an applied magnetic field, corresponding to an average velocity reduction of ∼45%. Particle tracking measurements confirmed a predicted shear in the flow speed, with the surface velocity increasing by 300%, despite the 45% drop in the average bulk speed. The MHD effect makes the bulk flow laminarized but keeps surface waves aligned along the magnetic field lines due to the anisotropy of MHD drag. The 3D fringe field and high surface velocity generate ripples around the outlet region. It was also confirmed that the MHD drag strongly depends on the conductivity of the channel walls, magnetic field, and volumetric flow rate, in agreement with the simulations and a developed analytical model. These validated models are now available to begin to determine the conditions under which the ideal LM channel design of a constant flow speed and fluid depth could be attained.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2025

Thermal Performance of Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Lattice Structures in Single-Phase Dielectric Fluid Cooling of Power Electronics

Additive manufacturing has transformed thermal management by enabling the production of complex, optimized geometries that conventional manufacturing methods cannot achieve. This study investigates the single-phase convective heat transfer performance of gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures with functional porosity. TPMS structures provide high surface area to volume ratios and are amenable to 3D printing. A gyroid numerical model was created and validated against an existing experimental study with a similar feature size to the investigated geometries. The TPMS structure has a periodic width of 1.6 mm, a length of 10 mm, and a height of 4 mm, with a functional porosity ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, decreasing with distance from the heated surface. Three different flow configurations were examined for an inlet fluid temperature of 70 °C. The inlet velocities range from 0.01 to 1.2 m/s, corresponding to a Reynolds number range of 10–900 with a heat flux of 50 W/cm 2 applied at the base. AmpCool ® AC-110 dielectric fluid (Prandtl number 59.5) was used as the coolant. Thermal performance and friction characteristics were studied for the three flow orientations. The parallel flow configuration was identified as the most efficient for heat removal. A detailed analysis of the numerical results highlights the underlying physics behind the thermal performance differences among the flow configurations.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2020

Comparative analysis of characteristics of a supersonic cw chemical HF laser on molecular fluorine and nitrogen trifluoride

We have experimentally studied the characteristics of a supersonic cw chemical HF laser with a flat nozzle array based on a nozzle – nozzle reagent mixing scheme operating with the use of F{sub 2} – D{sub 2} – He and NF{sub 3} – D{sub 2} – He fuel compositions in an atomic fluorine generator. The active medium flow field pattern, its gas-dynamic characteristics, and the laser radiation spectrum are considered. The comparison of these characteristics has made it possible to establish a strong impact on the flow field (lasing zone length) of the chemical composition of the combustion products from the atomic fluorine generator. The gas-dynamic parameters of the active medium formed by using a NF{sub 3} – D{sub 2} – He fuel have turned out to be less acceptable in terms of the gas flow pressure recovery than in the case of F{sub 2} – D{sub 2} – He fuel, while the radiation spectrum was more preferable from the viewpoint of passing through the atmosphere. (paper)

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Republic of Korea–United States Green Shipping Corridor Prefeasibility Study: Cargo Flows

This prefeasibility study, as a part of the decarbonization efforts through the Mission Innovation Zero Emission Shipping Mission, was conducted to provide a high-level assessment of the opportunities and challenges in planning and implementing green shipping corridors between major commercial seaports in the United States of America (USA) and the Republic of Korea (ROK). For each country, three major ports were included in the scope of this study: Seattle, Tacoma, and Everett (all in Washington State) for the USA and Busan, Ulsan, and Masan for the ROK. This prefeasibility study report focuses on describing operation characteristics of major vessel and cargo flows between the two countries. Vessel shipments directly affect energy use and demand. Therefore, it is critically important to understand which major vessel types and cargo types are operated or transported within the selected scope and to identify potential target segments for green shipping. Furthermore, this prefeasibility study also discusses limitations and additional assessments that need to be further analyzed in the next stage of the feasibility study. The summary findings and observations discussed in this report are not intended to be used to determine the final target corridors, but to guide later, deeper assessments of their potential impacts and challenges. In the following section, the data sources used in this study are discussed. Section 0 shows the overall vessel trades between the USA and ROK, considering all ports in the two countries. Then, a more detailed analysis by vessel type and cargo flow is presented in Sections 3–6 based on only the three-to-three ports between the two countries. Finally, Section 7 summarizes the findings with suggested target segmentations for the vessel types and discusses other limitations to be considered during the later feasibility stage.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Detonation propagation for shock-driven, subsonic and supersonic confiner flow

In this work, we study the compressible flow dynamics of two-dimensional, steady detonation wave propagation in a high explosive (HE) confined by aluminium (Al) or stainless steel (SS), outside of which is an air layer. We examine how the thickness of the confinement affects the subsonic detonation driving zone structure (DDZ) and the detonation speed (D 0 ), demonstrating a strong dependence on whether the oblique shock-driven flow in the confiner is supersonic, as for SS, or subsonic, as for Al. A characteristic path analysis is used to examine the information flow from the material boundaries through the supersonic flow regions in both the HE and confiner that can impact the sonic surfaces bounding the subsonic flow regions. It is shown that the nature of gas-dynamic wave reflection off the SS–air or Al–air boundary can significantly influence the DDZ and D 0 .

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

An Experimental Investigation of Sintered Particle Effect on Heat Transfer Performance in an “Annular Flow” Evaporation Tube

Wicking structures have been widely used within passive heat transfer devices with high heat fluxes, such as heat pipes, to enhance their thermal performance. While wicking structures promote capillary pumping of the working fluid and thin film evaporation, they can result in capillary evaporation and further enhance the evaporation heat transfer. In this study, a 0.5 mm thick layer of 105 µm sintered copper particles was added to the inner wall of a copper tube, aiming to form an “annular flow” and enhance the heat transfer characteristics by taking advantage of thin film and capillary evaporation. Acetone was chosen as the working fluid, and the performance of an evaporation tube was tested for power inputs of 10, 30, 50, and 70 W. For each power input, trials were run at inclination angles varying from -90 deg to 90 deg to investigate the capillary effects. The temperature measurements showed that the temperature distribution along the evaporation tube is always downward sloping, meaning the temperature at the fluid inlet is larger than the outlet. In conclusion, results show that an “annular flow” formed by a thin layer of sintered particles can promote thin film and capillary evaporation and, therefore, boost the evaporation heat transfer coefficient.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Visualization and analysis of coupling between plasmas self-organization and plasma-induced fluid circulation in 1 atm DC glows with liquid anode

The physical processes prevailing when plasma contacts liquid water are poorly understood; however, it is this very interaction that is the basis of new, exciting technologies for water purification, the treatment of cancer and disease and the production of new, high value chemical products. A chief impediment to widespread application of plasmas for the aforementioned applications is scale up and cost. Here we investigate plasma induced flows which facilitate transport of reactivity from the plasma to liquid water at rates much faster than diffusion. We find that this plasma induced motion varies depending on whether or not the plasma is self organized. The insight from this work paves the way to a better understanding of transport and ultimately informing plasma treatment technologies on how to best optimize the rate at which processes such as plasma based water purification occurs.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Effects of Riser Diameter on Solids Holdup and Particle Velocity Profiles in Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser Systems

Tests were performed in a 0.1-m diameter small circulating fluidized bed (SCFB) and 0.3 m diameter cold flow circulating fluidized bed (CFCFB) riser systems located at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) to study the effects of riser diameter on the riser hydrodynamics. These tests were performed at solids circulation rates of G s = 20 and 75 kg/m 2 s and superficial gas velocities of U g = 5.8 and 6.5 m/s using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pellets with a density of 0.863 g/cm 3 , particle size range of 600–1400 µm (with a Sauter mean diameter of 871 µm, placing them in the Geldart B classification). Comparisons of riser axial pressure and solids fraction profiles, radial particle velocity profiles, and radial profiles of higher statistical moments and select chaos analysis parameters were considered. The results showed that for a given U g and G s , the smaller diameter riser exhibited characteristics associated with more dilute solids flow than that observed in the larger diameter riser. Additionally, the larger diameter riser exhibited a downward flow of solids near the wall under all test conditions, whereas the smaller diameter riser data exhibited little or no indications of solids downflow near the wall. Overall, these findings suggest that, from an industrial standpoint, a direct scaleup of small-scale tests cannot readily be accomplished as the solids holdup and the solids velocity profiles in small units (those normally tested in the laboratory) are not similar to those of large units and the performance of large units can therefore not be predicted from small-scale tests.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scaling hyporheic nitrogen cycling in large river alluvial aquifers

Research Element 1: Denitrification is a difficult flux to measure when fluxes are low and when the ecosystem is difficult to sample. These attributes describe Nyack floodplain, a large gravel-bedded aquifer adjacent to the Middle Fork Flathead River. Given that denitrification is simply respiration with nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, we reasoned that N 2 production should negatively covary with oxygen respiration so long that oxygen is available. We sampled 16 wells 8 times throughout a year and analyzed these water samples on a membrane-inlet mass spectrometer for N 2 :Ar and O 2 . We fit multilevel models to N 2 :Ar as a function of dissolved oxygen. Within wells, there was no relationship between O 2 and N 2 :Ar. Among wells N 2 :Ar increased as O 2 declined. Based on the slope of this relationship, ~ -0.07, and estimated oxygen respiration in Nyack derived from prior studies, a possible range for denitrification is 0-8 mmol m -2 d -1 corresponding to a turnover rate for nitrate of 0-0.2/d. This estimated turnover rate is in the lower 20% of rates measured in the LINX 2 study, yet shows that even in a low nitrate (0.005 mmol/L) aquifer denitrification can be a substantial sink for dissolved N. Research Element 3 and 4: We developed a new theoretical approach to describe the relationship between water inflow, water outflow, and water age in porous media control volumes under dynamic flow conditions. Our approach had three distinct steps. First we described the application of well-established equations borrowed from Chemical Engineering to describe water age distributions in the hyporheic zone under steady state conditions. We published the associated results in the scientific journal PLOS ONE. Second, we developed a new theory ("flow spans") to describe how predicted steady-state water age distributions will respond to time varying imbalances in hyporheic discharge and recharge. Finally, we developed a proof-of-concept simulation model based on the new theory and used the model to examine the effects of flow regulation on a simulated river with characteristics representative of western U.S. montane rivers with expansive hyporheic zones.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Large Format Composite Additive Manufacturing for Low-Head Hydropower

Hydropower with a small elevation change from inlet to outlet, known as “low-head” hydropower, is a relatively untapped resource for reliable green power generation. One major barrier to entry is the cost of the components needed to generate the power. Each installation site is unique, with various head levels, flow rates, and other unique site characteristics that drive up the cost of development and installation. As a result, custom-made components are necessary because the sites are intrinsically inefficient. However, customized parts are generally more expensive to manufacture than ready-made parts. Often times, the cost of custom-made components is so high that the low-head hydropower installation becomes non-viable. Additive manufacturing offers the ability to make custom components, ideal for one-off applications, at low costs that are well suited for the needs of low-head hydropower. Indirect additive manufacturing, such as making tools or dies rather than end use components, can also be used to make low-cost composite tooling as needed for these custom applications. This paper explores the use of additive manufacturing, both directly and indirectly, to produce the components of a turbine system for a low-head hydropower site. The parts were designed to form a unique modular system, which saves time for future designs and iterations. The system has operated for more than three years without failure at a test site in Wisconsin, USA. This work serves as a basis for future application of AM to low-head systems, in which the modular components can be customized for each unique hydropower installation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Numerical simulation of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet with coaxial shielding gas

A two-dimensional ( r, z ) numerical simulation of the discharge characteristics of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), with coaxial shielding gas, was performed. The helium working gas flowed in a central capillary tube, engulfing a needle electrode powered by 13.7 MHz radio frequency sinusoidal voltage. The N 2 shielding gas flowed in the annular space of a coaxial tube. These gases emerged, in laminar flow, in a 78%N 2 -21%O 2 -1%Ar dry air ambient. The characteristics of the APPJ with shielding gas were compared to those of the APPJ without shielding gas. The nitrogen shielding gas hindered the diffusion of oxygen and argon from the ambient air into the helium jet. With the shielding gas present, more nitrogen penetrated into the helium core, causing a shorter plasma ‘plume’. The flow rates of the working and shielding gas, critically affected the gas temperature, and in turn the discharge characteristics. For a He flow of 2 standard liters per minute (slm), switching on the nitrogen shielding gas flow (at 4.5 slm) reduced the on-axis O 2 and Ar mole fractions from 3.9 × 10 - 4 to 6.8 × 10 - 5 and from 1.9 × 10 - 5 to 3.3 × 10 - 6 , respectively, at an axial distance of 3 mm downstream of the nozzle. The radial profiles of the mole fractions of the ambient gases were monotonically and strongly decreasing towards the system axis, for short axial distances from the nozzle (~1 mm), but became progressively flatter at longer distances from the nozzle (3 mm and 5 mm). Simulation predictions captured the salient features of experimental data of ambient species mole fractions in the plasma jet, and the 706 nm optical emission intensity profiles of the He 3 3 S excited state.

Physics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Oregon Rivers Characterization Tool

DHS’s Regional Resiliency Assessment Program (RRAP) undertook the Oregon State Transportation Systems RRAP project between 2018-2021 to assess the seismic vulnerabilities of the state’s transportation system to a Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) earthquake (CISA 2021). The project primarily focused on the effects of a CSZ earthquake on the mobility of emergency response efforts into the region. In the event that bridges located at crucial river crossings fail during a CSZ earthquake, rivers will become natural barriers affecting the ability to support response and recovery efforts. The characteristics of rivers (e.g., width, depth, and flow) are critical data to inform planning for the recovery of transportation systems across river barriers and determine reopening times following a CSZ earthquake. As part of the transportation system assessment, an Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne) project team developed a River Characterization Tool (RCT) to quantify the physical characteristics of the river system in Oregon, which can be used to inform a system-level analysis of transportation recovery and reopening times. This report mainly discusses approaches, methods, development, and applications of the RCT. The use of the river data generated from this tool for a system-level analysis of transportation recovery is discussed in the Oregon Transportation Systems RRAP Resiliency Assessment report (CISA 2021). The primary goal of the RCT is to generate statewide dataset of widths, depths, and flows for all rivers across Oregon to assess the effects of river barriers on emergency response and recovery efforts following a CSZ earthquake. The RCT leverages remote sensing data that multispectral sensors collect from satellites, employs a deep learning model to characterize river predictions, and computes river channel geometric dimensions with hydraulic relationships and river predictions. The entire process of river characterization is automated and implemented through the RCT.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗