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At least 217 records · Page 12

Science & Technology Review: Laser Program Celebrates 50 Years

At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, we focus on science and technology research to ensure our nation’s security. We also apply that expertise to solve other important national problems in energy, bioscience, and the environment. Science & Technology Review is published eight times a year to communicate, to a broad audience, the Laboratory’s scientific and technological accomplishments in fulfilling its primary missions. The publication’s goal is to help readers understand these accomplishments and appreciate their value to the individual citizen, the nation, and the world. Lawrence Livermore established its unified Laser Program, bringing together researchers from across the Laboratory to develop high-energy laser systems for pursuing inertial confinement fusion. As the article beginning on p. 4 describes, over the program’s 50 years, Livermore and collaborating institutions have been at the forefront of scientific and technological innovations, paving the way to a major fusion milestone in August 2021. The cover represents the evolution of the laser showing (back) an early tabletop system pictured with Laboratory physicists John Emmett (left) and John Nuckolls, and (front) an artist’s rendering of a fusion experiment inside the National Ignition Facility.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

LLNS Request for Variance from 10 CFR 851 for Construction of LLNL Digital Infrastructure Capabilities Expansion Project

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) requests variance to 10 CFR 851 (the Rule) for the construction of the Digital Infrastructure Capabilities Expansion (DICE) project. The request isin continued support of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) “pilot” to streamline the delivery of commercial-like line-item construction projects under $50 million. This pilot is aligned with the approved NA-50 safety approach. Experience gained in the construction of the new Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Emergency Operations Facility (EOC) under the variance granted in June 2020 is very encouraging. While detailed analysis will be forthcoming after that project is completed, there are strong indicators that a benefit has been realized by the subcontractors executing the work. The variance has permitted local/regional construction businesses contracted to Management & Operation contractor operated facilities and lower tier subcontractors to bid, operate, execute, and comply with safety and health standards they utilize in their business outside of the Department of Energy (DOE) Complex. While compliance to standards that are as safe and healthful as those in 10 CFR 851: confusion, additional cost, and inefficiencies associated with the burden of compliance to an unfamiliar regulatory spectrum has been avoided. Safety and health performance on the EOC construction project including the number of inspection and surveillance issues is comparable to other subcontractors and projects at LLNL executed under 10 CFR 851.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

LLNS Request for Variance From 10 CFR 851 for Construction of LLNL Emergency Operations Center

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) is submitting the following variance application requesting the use of the State of California’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cal/OSHA) Regulations in lieu of Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 851 (10 CFR 851, the Rule), Worker Safety and Health Program, Subpart B (Program Requirements), Subpart C (Specific Program Requirements), and Appendix A (Worker Safety and Health Functional Areas), solely with respect to the construction of the new Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) facility. The request is in support of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) “pilot” to streamline the delivery of commercial-like line item construction projects under $50 million. This pilot is aligned with the approved NA-50 safety approach for the projects in the pilot. This pilot is to test and demonstrate innovation leading to a reduced cost of construction for building commercial type structures at Department of Energy (DOE)/NNSA facilities. The variance proposes to permit local/regional construction businesses contracted to Management & Operation contractor operated facilities to bid, operate, execute, and comply with safety and health standards they utilize in their business outside of the DOE Complex. This will permit compliance to standards that are as safe and healthful as those in 10 CFR 851 without confusion, additional cost, and inefficiencies associated with the burden of compliance to an unfamiliar regulatory spectrum.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗

Impact Report: Quantum Systems Accelerator

The Quantum Systems Accelerator (QSA) is a U.S. National Quantum Information Science Research Center established in August 2020 and funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science. QSA is composed of 15 partner institutions— universities and national laboratories—bringing together pioneers of many of today’s unique quantum information science (QIS) and engineering capabilities. Led by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), with Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia Labs) as the lead partner, 250+ QSA researchers are catalyzing U.S. leadership in a fast-growing field that seeks solutions to the Nation’s and the world’s most pressing problems by harnessing the laws of quantum mechanics.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

LLNS Request for Permanent Variance from 10 CFR 851 for Construction

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) requests variance from 10 CFR 851 (the Rule) for construction work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The request is based upon successful application of similar variances granted to LLNS in continued support of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) initiative to streamline the delivery of line-item construction projects under $50 million. This request is aligned with the approved NA 50 safety approach. Experience gained in the construction of the new LLNL Emergency Operations Center (EOC) under the variance granted in June 2020 and construction preparations to date on the Digital Infrastructure Capabilities Expansion (DICE) under the variance granted April 2022 is very encouraging. There are strong indicators that a benefit has been realized by both the subcontractors executing the work and the Laboratory. The variance has permitted local/regional construction businesses contracted to Management & Operation Contractor operated facilities and lower tier subcontractors to bid, operate, execute, and comply with safety and health standards they utilize in their business outside of the Department of Energy (DOE) Complex. While compliance to standards that are as safe and healthful as those in 10 CFR 851: confusion, additional cost, and inefficiencies associated with the burden of compliance to an unfamiliar regulatory spectrum has been avoided. Safety and health performance on the construction project including the number of inspection and surveillance issues is comparable to other subcontractors and projects at LLNL executed under 10 CFR 851. This variance application was prepared according to the requirements in 10 CFR 851, Subpart D – Variances, § 851.31 Variance Process. This request is limited to subcontractor executed construction at LLNL.

42 ENGINEERING↗

2022 LaserNetUS Users' Meeting

Organized and funded in 2018 through the US Department of Energy, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES), LaserNetUS was created to provide vastly improved access to unique lasers for researchers. LaserNetUS is a network of ten high-power laser facilities, both academic and national laboratories, across the United States and Canada. These labs operate many of the premier mid- to large-scale high-intensity laser facilities in the US and Canada that are designed to be used in pioneering experimental studies in high energy density plasma and high field optical science. The network’s principal goal is to provide access to these state-of-the-art laser facilities to a broad range of researchers in the US and abroad. In its over four years of operation, LaserNetUS has awarded beamtime for over 60 user experiments to researchers from 25 different institutions. Over 400 user scientists, many of whom are students and post-docs, have participated in experiments at LaserNetUS facilities so far. The network now has over 1250 members. The LaserNetUS institutions are Colorado State University, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, SLAC National Lab, The Ohio State University, University of Michigan, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, University of Rochester, and University of Texas at Austin. LaserNetUS hosted its first in-person Annual Users’ Meeting at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, CO, Aug 16-18, 2022. The meeting had 158 attendees, including 39 sponsored students and post-docs whose attendance and travel to the meeting were covered by DOE funds. Attendees included the 2018 Nobel Laureate in Physics, Donna Strickland. The program consisted of 5 plenary talks and several invited and contributed talks, a user community forum, a poster session, and built-in time for networking. The event focused on students and early career professionals. The poster session was held in combination with a reception to facilitate discussions and maximize interactions between the participants. The 39 sponsored students each presented a poster at the poster session, giving them valuable practice in sharing their research with others in the field. Many students and postdocs also gave talks during the main programming. Lunch and coffee breaks were provided for attendees for the duration of the conference on CSU’s campus. This allowed for networking among all participants. The building used to host the conference also had plenty of seating outside the auditorium, which was conducive to smaller one-on-one meetings and discussions between participants. There was also a lab tour of CSU’s Advanced Beam Laboratory. The day before and after the conference also included satellite meetings for the lab PIs and the Scientific Advisory Board. DOE support was used for rental of the auditorium and supporting rooms, student participation, 50% of the food costs, and transportation to the Advanced Beam Lab.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

SoW for KDP Precision Cleaning System Control Sys Refurbishment

The KDP Optic Precision Cleaning System (PCS) is used is a standalone batch-process system used to clean Potassium di-Hydrogen Phosphate (KDP) optics required for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). There are two nearly identical machines owned by the US government, as provided by Lawrence Livermore National Security (LLNS). One machine is located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA in a Class 100 cleanroom and the other is located at the Gooch & Housego (G&H) facility in Highland Heights, OH in a Class 1,000 cleanroom.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Laser Diode Analysis and Verification (Professional Report)

The goal of this project at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was focused on analyzing and verifying laser diodes to ensure that the diodes meet requirements for LLNL mission applications. The different stages of this testing were documented in a process flow map which included location color coding so that each step was clearly defined in scope and location of appropriate testing facility. Data were collected and analyzed and compared to minimum acceptable values to see if requirements were met. The process map documents the initial receipt, inspection, and testing of the laser diodes. Initial inspections started with Keyence Microscope imaging and then moved on to High Potential, Ramp, and Burst Testing. Data from the diode testing were processed through MATLAB and Python codes to verify various metrics such as slope efficiency, threshold current, back irradiance, and beam divergence met requirements. These metrics were then recorded in Excel summary reports. Approximately 95% of the laser diodes passed all tests. Presentations were given to Lawrence Livermore’s internal leadership team, an external partner, and to a Lab-wide audience. The data released for this report was constrained by information protection considerations of LLNL’s national security missions.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗

LLNL NESHAPs 2023 Annual Report

Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC operates facilities at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in which radionuclides are handled and stored. These facilities are subject to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Part 61, Subpart H, which regulates radionuclide emissions to air from Department of Energy (DOE) facilities. Specifically, NESHAPs limits the emission of radionuclides to the ambient air to levels resulting in an annual effective dose equivalent of 10 mrem (100 µSv) to any member of the public. Using measured and calculated emissions, and building-specific and common parameters, LLNL personnel applied the EPA-approved computer code, CAP88-PC, Version 4.1.1.0, to calculate the dose to the maximally exposed individual member of the public for the Livermore Site and Site 300.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Drop Tower Statement of Work

This document details the needs and requirements for a propulsion-assisted drop tower system (further referenced simply as Drop Tower) to perform hardware testing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). LLNL is managed and operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) for the Department of Energy (DOE). LLNL requires a robust testing platform that will allow for the characterization of interactions between objects of interest. The initial siting of the equipment will be located in an existing test facility (B191). When another test facility becomes online, the objective will be to move the test capability to the new facility as a final location (B132N). The Drop Tower will be a cornerstone capability for testing and model validation for LLNL interested programs.

42 ENGINEERING↗

Zero-Order Reaction Kinetics (Zero-RK): Enabling the Use of Detailed Chemical Kinetics in Combustion Simulations (CRADA Final Report)

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Gamma Technologies, LLC (GT or Participante), to incorporate the ability to access LLNL chemical kinetics technologies while using GT-SUITE, GT’s market leading engine simulation software. At the end of the project, LLNL has released Zero-RK version 3.5 with zero- and one-dimensional (0-D and 1-D) solver functionality that interfaces with GT’s GT-SUITE v2023 and later releases. GT has tested its product to assure their customers that the interface can provide reduction in chemistry solution time for detailed chemistry simulations. The process has also positioned GT to easily benefit from future improvements of the Zero-RK suite of tools developed under the DOE Vehicle Technologies Office.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗

Rapid CFD Using Machine Learning Algorithms (CRADA Final Report)

This is a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (“LLNL”) and Guardian Glass, LLC ("Guardian Glass") to develop a fast-running emulator of the reactive Computational Fluid Dynamics (“CFD”) simulations needed to understand the complex reactions and flows in the glass melting, fining, and forming subprocesses. This CRADA project is sponsored under the High-Performance Computing for Manufacturing (“HPC4Mfg”) Program of the Department of Energy’s Advanced Manufacturing Office (“AMO”) within the Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (“EERE”) Office.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Dual Phase Membrane for CO2 Separation (Phase 1) (CRADA Final Report)

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. (Participant/SG), to develop porous solid support materials for dual-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) separation membranes.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory Glenn T. Seaborg Institute: 2025 highlights

The Glenn T. Seaborg Institute (GTSI) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) serves as a dedicated hub for advancing actinide R&D, aimed at strengthening the United States’ capabilities in actinide science. With a focus on medical, industrial, and national security applications, the ORNL GTSI seeks to foster the next generation of scientists and engineers. Collaborating closely with corresponding Seaborg Institutes at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Idaho National Laboratory, the ORNL GTSI leverages its unique strengths. These include unparalleled expertise in isotope production, handling of rare isotopes, and leadership in neutron and computational sciences. Notably, the ORNL GTSI is positioned as the nation’s cornerstone for actinide R&D, capitalizing on the exceptional capabilities of the High Flux Isotope Reactor—the premier reactor for isotope production—and the Hazard Category 2 Radiochemical Engineering Development Center, which supports advanced production, processing, and applications research. Furthermore, the GTSI is committed to serving as a national center of excellence for training across all levels of actinide science education. This report provides an overview of the activities, milestones, and accomplishments of the ORNL GTSI over the past year.

38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEA↗

HPC-Enabled Optimization of High Temperature Heat Exchangers (CRADA Final Report)

This project was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS) as manager and operator of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Materials Sciences, LLC, to develop a technology for design and optimization of heat exchangers using powerful desktop and laptop computers. The project was originally designated as a 12-month project, and consisted of 3# major tasks and the following 8# major deliverables: 1) CFD models of 3D heat exchangers based on existing and new geometry. 2) Validation against experimental data provided by MSC and published in the literature. 3) CFD models of 3D unit cells based on TPMS. 4) Surrogate models capable of delivering the gradients of the homogenized properties with respect to the parametrization. 5) 3D design methodology using TO algorithms. 6) Conventional reference and topology optimized designs. 7) 3D optimized designs stored in a 3D printer build format. 8) Verification of the improved performance. All of the deliverables for this project were successfully completed with two no-cost time extensions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

Nonperturbative phi4 potentials: Phase transitions and light horizons

Data underlying figures in paper "Nonperturbative phi4 potentials: Phase transitions and light horizons". The data are generated by, and can be plotted with, python programs in https://github.com/seanYuanSHI/Phi4 This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 and was supported by the Lawrence Fellowship through LLNL-LDRD Program under Project No. 19-ERD-038. This data set is released under LLNL-MI-823772.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

STS-91 Day 05 Highlights

On this fifth day of the STS-91 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Charles J. Precourt, Pilot Dominic L. Pudwill Gorie and Mission Specialists Wendy B. Lawrence, Franklin R. Chang-Diaz, Janet L. Kavandi, and Valery Victorovitch Ryumin and cosmonauts continue to move experiment hardware, logistical supplies and water between the two vehicles. They transfer additional bags of water from Discovery to Mir, bringing the total amount of water transferred to 683 pounds. Just over half of the 317 items scheduled to be transferred have now been moved between the two craft. Mission Specialists Wendy Lawrence and Janet Kavandi spend some time today checking out the shuttle's 50-foot long robot arm. This checkout evaluates new electronics and software for use on upcoming assembly missions for the new International Space Station. Today's checkout also tests the arm's dexterity in maneuvering around components of an orbiting space station.

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