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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of the Fe/Ba Ratio and Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Barium Ferrites Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

Magnetoplumbite-type (M-type) hexagonal barium ferrite particles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The structure and magnetic properties of barium ferrites were investigated systematically, which indicated that the ratio of Fe/Ba (R{sub F/B}) and sintering temperature have an important effect on structure and performance. Phase composition, micro-morphology, and magnetic properties of the particles were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). When the ratio of Fe/Ba (R{sub F/B}) is even low or high, inferior images of XRD could be attained with certain impurities. When R{sub F/B} = 8, the single phase could be obtained without impurities. Micro-morphology of the particles exhibits the uniform plane hexagonal structures of nano-sized M-type ferrites when sintered at 800 °C. Saturation magnetization (M{sub s}) reaches the maximum value at R{sub F/B} = 7 (M{sub s} = 45.07 emu/g). The value of coercivity (H{sub c}) increases with the growth of R{sub F/B}, and H{sub c} is up to 6207 Oe when R{sub F/B} = 7. The effect of R{sub F/B} and temperature on magnetization (M{sub s}) and coercivity (H{sub c}) was studied in this paper.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of structural defects on the magnetic properties of the EuBaCo{sub 1.90}O{sub 5.36} single crystal

The effect of structural defects in cobalt and oxygen sublattices with the constant average oxidation level 3+ of all cobalt ions on the magnetic properties of the EuBaCo{sub 1.90}O{sub 5.36} single crystal has been studied. The magnetic properties of the single crystal and the polycrystalline sample of the corresponding composition are compared in the range T = 200–650 K. The results show that the cobalt-deficient EuBaCo{sub 2–x}O{sub 5.5–δ} samples demonstrate a three-dimensional XY ferromagnetic ordering of magnetic sublattices. The values of the effective magnetic moment at T > 480 K indicate the existence of the IS and HS states of Co{sup 3+} ions. The large difference of values of μ{sub eff} of the EuBaCo{sub 1.90}O{sub 5.36} single crystal and polycrystal can be due to that the magnetic ion spins lie in plane ab. The magnetic field directed along plane ab substantially influences the magnetic ordering at T < 300 K.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Ab Initio Investigation of Structural Stability and Electronic and Magnetic Properties of the Half-Heusler Alloys: MTiSb (M = Fe, Co, and Ni)

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the half-Heusler MTiSb (M = Fe, Co, Ni) compounds have been examined using the first-principles calculations with the full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within the density functional theory. The electronic structures and magnetic properties of MTiSb (M = Fe, Co, Ni) are studied. It is found that the calculated lattice parameter is in good agreement with the theoretical values. Using the general gradient approximation (GGA), we observe that for the three compounds, the α phase is more stable than β and γ phases. CoTiSb is a semiconductor, NiTiSb is a metal, while the FeTiSb compound is a half-metallic, and the total magnetic moments are 0.00085, − 0.26074, and 0.99353 μ B, respectively, which is in agreement with the Slater–Pauling rule, Furthermore, the origin for the appearance of the half-metallic band gap in the FeTiSb compound was also discussed.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effects of Interface Induced Natural Strains on Magnetic Properties of FeRh

FeRh is a unique alloy which shows temperature dependent phase transition magnetic properties. The lattice parameter (a) of this CsCl-type (B2) structure is 4.1712 Å. It undergoes a first order transition from antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) order at around 370K and hysteretic behavior while cooling and heating. This meta-magnetic transition of FeRh is accompanied by an isotropic expansion in the unit cell volume, which indicates strong coupling between magnetic and structural properties of FeRh. Consequently, the magnetic and transport properties, such as magnetoresistance (MR), are changed during the transition. Due to its unique thermo-magnetic behaviors, FeRh is very important for future spintronic devices. The structure could be applicable for MR devices such as memory, sensors, and many other applications. It is critical to understand how to systematically influence phase transition of FeRh from naturally applied strains. Here, we investigate magnetic properties of FeRh in different strain environments induced by the substrates with different lattice parameters. The study was performed using synchrotron radiation, temperature dependent magnetometry, and magnetic scanning probe microscopy in addition to Landau theory calculations. We found that the naturally induced strains could modulate the magnetic phase locally and globally. The presence of the segments from the nucleation of the ferromagnetic domains, with a very thin layer in the antiferromagnetic matrix and the domain growth, were observed gradually. Using the systematic phenomena, it could be used for immediate applications in the future generation of phase change random access memory (PC-RAM) devices.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effects of Microwave-Assisted Annealing on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of (Nd{sub 0.75}Pr{sub 0.25}){sub 9}Fe{sub 72}Ti{sub 1}Zr{sub 3}Mn{sub x} Mo{sub 4−x}B{sub 10.5}C{sub 0.5} Amorphous Ribbons

The amorphous as-spun ribbons with nominal composition (Nd{sub 0.75}Pr{sub 0.25}){sub 9}Fe{sub 72}Ti{sub 1}Zr{sub 3}Mn{sub x}Mo{sub 4−x}B{sub 10.5}C{sub 0.5}(x = 1, 2, 3) were annealed by microwave-assisted annealing. The effects of the Mn-doped alloys on glass-forming ability (GFA), crystallization, and magnetic properties of the Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets were examined by thermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). An appropriate amount of Mn was beneficial to the optimization of the structure and magnetic properties. Compared with conventional annealing, the microwave-assisted annealing has contributed to the precipitation of hard magnetic phases and adjusted the proportion of hard and soft magnetic phases. The optimum magnetic properties with coercivity up to 805 kA/m were found for ribbons (with composition x = 1) annealed under the microwave power of 2000 W for 10 min.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effect of Ti on structure and soft magnetic properties of Si-rich Finemet-type nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3-xSi17.5B5Tix alloys

Highlights: • Substitution of Nb by Ti can reduce the T{sub x1} and enlarge the ΔT{sub x}. • Fe{sub 73.5}Cu{sub 1}Nb{sub 2}Si{sub 17.5}B{sub 5}Ti{sub 1} alloy exhibits high μ{sub i} of 18,000 and low H{sub c} of 0.54 Oe. • Magnetic properties were analysed in terms of the relationship between H{sub c} and μ{sub i}. • Soft magnetic properties will deteriorate when Nb is completely replaced by Ti. • The reasons of variation of permeability at high temperature were analyzed. - Abstract: Fe{sub 73.5}Cu{sub 1}Nb{sub 3-x}Si{sub 17.5}B{sub 5}Ti{sub x} (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) amorphous alloys were prepared by the single roller melt spinning method. The effects of Ti substitution for Nb on the crystallization behavior, microstructure and soft magnetic properties were investigated. Compared to the previously reported Finemet alloy, the onset primary crystallization temperature T{sub x1} becomes lower which has dropped from 803K to 758K. The crystallization temperature interval ΔT{sub x} increases from 468K to 488K as the x increases from 0 to 3. However, the Curie temperature of amorphous phase shows a downward tendency with the increase of Ti content. Compared to the previously reported Finemet alloy, the μ{sub i} increases obviously to more than 18,000 at x = 1, the H{sub c} decreases from 0.59 Oe to 0.54 Oe. When Ti replaces Nb completely, the optimum annealing temperature range for precipitating single soft magnetic phase is enlarged, but the permeability at room- and high-temperature is deteriorated, the reason of which was also analysed.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Investigation of Microstructural and Magnetic Properties of BaV{sub x}Fe{sub 12−x}O{sub 19} Nanohexaferrites

Nanohexaferrites of BaV{sub x}Fe{sub 12−x}O{sub 19} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) were prepared using sol–gel auto-combustion. The structure and morphology of BaV{sub x}Fe{sub 12−x}O{sub 19} (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) nano-sized hexaferrites were explored by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDXS. XRD analysis indicated particle size in the 55–60-nm interval. SEM and EDXS investigations confirmed the formation of the desired composition of V-substituted Ba-hexaferrites. The magnetic properties of products were studied. The magnetic M(H) hysteresis loops revealed that all produced nanohexaferrites display ferromagnetic-like comportment. The deduced saturation magnetization (M{sub s}), retentivity (M{sub r}), magneto-crystalline anisotropy fields (H{sub a}), and coercive field (H{sub c}) were enhanced for low V{sup 3+} contents and were maximum for BaV{sub 0.04}Fe{sub 11.96}O{sub 19} (x = 0.04) nanohexaferrites, showing the strengthening of magnetic properties.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Structural transitions, magnetic properties, and electronic structures of Co(Fe)-doped MnNiSi compounds

The structural transitions, magnetic properties, and electronic structures of Co(Fe)-doped MnNiSi compounds are investigated by x-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), magnetic measurements, and first-principles calculations. Results indicate that all samples undergo a martensitic transition from the Ni{sub 2}In-type parent phase to TiNiSi-type orthorhombic phase at high temperatures. The substitution of Co(Fe) for Mn in Mn{sub 1−x}Co{sub x}NiSi (x = 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) and Mn{sub 1−y}Fe{sub y}NiSi (y = 0.26, 0.30, 0.36, 0.46, and 0.55) samples decreases the structural transition temperature and Curie temperature of martensite. The martensite phases show a typical ferromagnetic behavior with saturation field being basically unchanged with increasing Co(Fe) content, while the saturation magnetization shows a decreasing tendency. The theoretically calculated moments are in good agreement with the experimentally measured results. The orbital hybridizations between different 3d elements are analyzed from the distribution of density of states.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Complex magnetic properties associated with competing local and itinerant magnetism in \({\text {Pr}}_2 {\text {Co}}_{0.86} {\text {Si}}_{2.88}\)

Ternary intermetallic compound \({\text {Pr}}_2 {\text {Co}}_{0.86} {\text {Si}}_{2.88}\) has been synthesized in single phase and characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analysis, magnetization, heat capacity, neutron diffraction and muon spin rotation/relaxation ( \(\mu\) SR) measurements. The polycrystalline compound was synthesized in single phase by introducing necessary vacancies in Co/Si sites. Magnetic, heat capacity, and zero-field neutron diffraction studies reveal that the system undergoes magnetic transition below \(\sim\) 4 K. Neutron diffraction measurement further reveals that the magnetic ordering is antiferromagnetic in nature with an weak ordered moment. The high temperature magnetic phase has been attributed to glassy in nature consisting of ferromagnetic clusters of itinerant (3 d ) Co moments as evident by the development of internal field in zero-field \(\mu\) SR below 50 K. The density-functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the low temperature magnetic transition is associated with antiferromagnetic coupling between Pr 4 f and Co 3 d spins. Pr moments show spin fluctuation along with unconventional orbital moment quenching due to crystal field. The evolution of the symmetry and the crystalline electric field environment of Pr-ions are also studied and compared theoretically between the elemental Pr and when it is coupled with other elements such as Co. The localized moment of Pr 4 f and itinerant moment of Co 3 d compete with each other below \(\sim\) 20 K resulting in an unusual temperature dependence of magnetic coercivity in the system.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2016

Effect of Sc{sup 3+} on structural and magnetic properties of Mn-Zn nano ferrites

In the present investigation, for the first time, we report on the effect of Sc{sup 3+} on the structural and magnetic properties of Mn{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Sc{sub y}Fe{sub 2-y}O{sub 4} (y = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) nanoferrites synthesized by solution combustion method using the mixture of fuels. As synthesized powders were characterized for the detailed structural analysis by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and room temperature magnetic properties by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results of XRD and FTIR confirm that the formation of nano crystalline, single-phased Mn-Zn ferrite with cubic spinel structure belongs to Fd-3m space group. The room temperature magnetic studies shows that, the saturation magnetization (M{sub S}), remanence magnetization (M{sub R}) and magnetic moment (η{sub B}), magnetic particle size (D{sub m}) have found to increase with Sc{sup 3+} ion concentration up to x = 0.3 and then decrease. The values of αY-K and the magnetic particle size (D{sub m}) are found to be in the range of 68-75° and 10-19 nm respectively, with Sc{sup 3+} concentration.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effects of Bi{sup 3+} Substitution on Structural, Morphological, and Magnetic Properties of Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

In this research, the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of Bi-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe{sub 2-x}Bi{sub x}O{sub 4}) nanoparticles with x = 0.0, 0.05, 1, 0.15, and 0.2, prepared by the sol-gel method, were studied. In order to characterize the samples, several equipment and analyses including thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used. The average crystallite sizes of the prepared CoFe{sub 2-x}Bi{sub x}O{sub 4} were calculated using the Scherer, UDM, SSP, and Halder-Wagner methods. The average crystallite sizes for the samples were found in the range of 26 to 44 nm, which can be attributed to the grain growth of the particles. FT-IR spectrum showed bands in the range of 430 to 590 cm{sup −1} due to the stretching vibration of an oxygen atom and metal ions (Fe-O), confirming the formation of spinel ferrite. Surface morphology of the samples was studied using FESEM. The VSM results showed that the saturation and remanence magnetizations increased by raising the doping values up to x = 0.1. The Curie temperature of the cobalt nanoferrites was determined using Faraday’s technique. The highest Curie temperature was found to be 580 °C for the undoped sample.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Effects of Sintering Temperature on Structural, Morphological and Magnetic Properties of Strontium Ferrite Nanoparticles

In the present investigation, structural, morphological and magnetic properties of SrFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ferrite nanoparticles prepared by a sol–gel method were studied. The techniques used in this investigation were thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and Curie temperature analysis. The average crystallite sizes of the SrFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were calculated using the Scherrer formula and found in the range of 11–22 nm, and this can be attributed to the grain growth of the particles. The lattice parameter of SrFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles decreased from 6.64 to 6.51 nm as the sintering temperature was raised from 600 to 900 °C. FT-IR analysis confirmed that bands in the range 430–590 cm{sup − 1} are due to the stretching vibration of oxygen atom and metal ions (M–O) that is Fe–O confirming the formation of spinel ferrite. Surface morphology of the samples has been studied using FESEM. The elemental composition along with their relative ratios was given by EDX and was found to be in agreement with their initial calculated values. The saturation magnetization, magnetic coercivity and remanence increase with an increasing sintering temperature from 600 to 900 °C. The present study reports the Curie temperature with an amount of 551 °C of the synthesized strontium nanoferrites using the Faraday technique.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

Amorphous RE–Fe–B–Na colloidal nanoparticles: High temperature solution synthesis and magnetic properties

Graphical abstract: RE–Fe–B–Na (RE = Nd–Er) colloidal nanoparticles by high-temperature solution synthesis are ultra-small monodisperse and air-stable amorphous, whose size and magnetic dependence are studied. - Highlights: • RE–Fe–B–Na nanoparticles are obtained by high-temperature solution synthesis. • These colloidal nanoparticles are monodisperse and size controlled. • The magnetism dependence and possible magnetic coupling mechanism are studied. - Abstract: RE–Fe–B–Na (RE = Nd–Er) colloidal nanoparticles are prepared by high-temperature solution synthesis. These nanoparticles are ultra-small monodisperse, air-stable and amorphous, whose particle size and magnetic property are characterized by transmission electron microscope and superconducting quantum interference device. Taking Nd–Fe–B–Na nanoparticle as an example, it is found that the particle size can be controlled in less than 7 nm. Besides, the magnetic properties of RE–Fe–B–Na colloidal nanoparticles can be compared for different rare earth elements. Based on the bulk ferromagnetic coupling, other possible magnetic coupling mechanism is discussed.

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2023

Designing Magnetic Properties in CrSBr through Hydrostatic Pressure and Ligand Substitution

Abstract Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials are a promising platform for producing atomically thin spintronic and optoelectronic devices. The A‐type antiferromagnet CrSBr has emerged as a particularly exciting material due to its high magnetic ordering temperature, semiconducting electrical properties, and enhanced chemical stability compared to other vdW magnets. Exploring mechanisms to tune its magnetic properties will facilitate the development of nanoscale devices based on vdW materials with designer magnetic properties. Here it is investigated how the magnetic properties of CrSBr change under pressure and ligand substitution. Pressure compresses the unit cell, increasing the interlayer exchange energy while lowering the Néel temperature. Ligand substitution, realized synthetically through Cl alloying, anisotropically compresses the unit cell and suppresses the Cr‐halogen covalency, reducing the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and decreasing the Néel temperature. A detailed structural analysis combined with first‐principles calculations reveals that alterations in the magnetic properties are intricately related to changes in direct Cr–Cr exchange interactions and the Cr–anion superexchange pathways. Further, it is demonstrated that Cl alloying enables chemical tuning of the interlayer coupling from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic, which is unique among known two‐dimensional magnets.

Telford, Evan J.↗
DOE OSTI2015

Interplay of structural, optical and magnetic properties in Gd doped CeO{sub 2}

In this research wok systematic investigation on the synthesis, characterization, optical and magnetic properties of Ce{sub 1-x}Gd{sub x}O{sub 2} (where x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.10) synthesized using the Solid-state method. Structural, Optical and Magnetic properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and VSM. Fluorite structure is confirmed from the XRD measurement on Gd doped CeO{sub 2} samples. Magnetic studies showed that the Gd doped polycrystalline samples display room temperature ferromagnetism and the ferromagnetic ordering strengthens with the Gd concentration.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2016

The influence of PEG-4000 and silica on crystal structure and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite (MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}) nanoparticles

In this paper, reports the influence of polyethylene glycol (PEG-4000) and silica on crystal structure and magnetic properties of MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles which is synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The particle size of before coated MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was around 10.5 nm, and became 5.2 nm after PEG-4000 coating and 18.8 nm after silica coating. After coating, there were appeared new phases, α-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} (antiferromagnetic), SiO{sub 2} and γ-FeO(OH) which are paramagnetics. The second phase sample decreased responses to the external field. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) morphology analysis on nanoparticles which was coated with PEG 4000 showed that the particles become more spherical, more dispersive, and less aglomerated. The magnetic hysteresis loops which was investigated with Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) indicated that coercivity of MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} was 120.7 Oe, and then decreased to 40.9 Oe after coating and 34.7 Oe for coating with PEG-4000 and silica, respectively. At 15 kOe, the magnetization value decreased from 2.69 emu/g to 0.96 emu/g after coating with PEG-4000 and increased 2.82 emu/g after silica coating. The result revealed the coating with both PEG-4000 and silica influence the magnetic properties of MgFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Tuning the Magnetic Properties of New Layered Iron Chalcogenides (BaF) 2 Fe 2– x Q 3 (Q = S, Se) by Changing the Defect Concentration on the Iron Sublattice

Effecting and controlling ferromagnetic-like properties hi senticonductors has proven to be a complex problem, especially when approaching room temperature. Here, we demonstrate the important role of defects in the magnetic properties of semiconductors by reporting the structures and properties of the iron chalcogenides (BaF)(2)Fe2-x Q(3) (Q= S, Se), which exhibit anomalous Magnetic properties that are correlated' with detects in the Fe-sublattice, The compounds form in both long-range ordered and disordered polytypes of a new structure typified by the alternate stacking of fluorite (BaF)(2)(2+) and (Fe(2-x)Q(3))(2-) layers. The latter layers exhibit an ordered array of strong Pe-Pe dimers in edge-Sharing tetrahedra. Given the strong Fe-Fe interaction, it is expected that the Fe-Fe dimer is,antiferromagnetically coupled, yet crystals exhibit a Weak ferromagnetic moment that orders at relatively-high temperature: below 280-315 K and 240275 K for the sulfide and selenide analogues, respectively. This transition temperature positively correlates with the concentration of defect in the Fe-sublattice, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Our results indicate that internal defects in Fe(2-x)Q(3) layers play an important role in dictating the magnetic properties of newly discovered (BaF)2Fe(2),Q-3, (Q= 5-, Se), which can yield switchable ferromagnetically ordered mother-its at or above room temperature.

Sturza, Mihai↗
DOE OSTI2015

Microscopic and magnetic properties of template assisted electrodeposited iron nanowires

Nanowires of magnetic materials such as Iron, nickel, cobalt, and alloys of them are one of the most widely investigated structures because of their possible applications in high density magnetic recording media, sensor elements, and building blocks in biological transport systems. In this work, Iron nanowires have been prepared by electrodeposition technique using Anodized Aluminium Oxide (AAO) templates. The electrolyte used consisted of FeSO{sub 4.}6H{sub 2}O buffered with H{sub 3}BO{sub 3} and acidized by dilute H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}. FESEM analysis shows that the asdeposited nanowires are parallel to one another and have high aspect ratio with a reasonably high pore-filing factor. To fabricate the working electrode, a thin film of copper (∼ 220 nm thick) was coated on back side of AAO template by e-beam evaporation system to create electrical contact with the external circuit. The TEM results show that electrodeposited nanowires have diameter around 100 nm and are polycrystalline in structure. Magnetic properties show the existence of anisotropy for in and out of plane configuration. These nanowires have potential applications in magnetic data storage, catalysis and magnetic sensor applications.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗