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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2014

Resonant control of spins in the quasi-one-dimensional channel by interplay of confinement and Zeeman splitting

We study the spin transport in a quasi-one-dimensional channel defined in a two-dimensional electron gas. The combined action of geometrical confinement and the spin precession is analyzed. We demonstrate that for certain orientations of the in-plane magnetic field and for specific range of its magnitude the spin polarization exhibits a strong decrease referred to as ballistic spin resonance (BSR). The phenomenon is due to the commensuration of the Zeeman and inter-subband energy splitting. We show that the BSR requires a finite spin-orbit (SO) interaction although the condition for the BSR onset is independent on SO coupling.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quasilinear theory of Brillouin resonances in rotating magnetized plasmas

Both spin and orbital angular momentum can be exchanged between a rotating wave and a rotating magnetized plasma. Through resonances the spin and orbital angular momentum of the wave can be coupled to both the cyclotron rotation and the drift rotation of the particles. It is, however, shown that the Landau and cyclotron resonance conditions which classically describe resonant energy–momentum exchange between waves and particles are no longer valid in a rotating magnetized plasma column. In this case a new resonance condition which involves a resonant matching between the wave frequency, the cyclotron frequency modified by inertial effects and the harmonics of the guiding centre rotation is identified. A new quasilinear equation describing orbital and spin angular momentum exchanges through these new Brillouin resonances is then derived, and used to expose the wave-driven radial current responsible for angular momentum absorption.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2015

A unified heteronuclear decoupling strategy for magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR spectroscopy

A unified strategy of two-pulse based heteronuclear decoupling for solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance is presented. The analysis presented here shows that different decoupling sequences like two-pulse phase-modulation (TPPM), X-inverse-X (XiX), and finite pulse refocused continuous wave (rCW{sup A}) are basically specific solutions of a more generalized decoupling scheme which incorporates the concept of time-modulation along with phase-modulation. A plethora of other good decoupling conditions apart from the standard, TPPM, XiX, and rCW{sup A} decoupling conditions are available from the unified decoupling approach. The importance of combined time- and phase-modulation in order to achieve the best decoupling conditions is delineated. The consequences of different indirect dipolar interactions arising from cross terms comprising of heteronuclear and homonuclear dipolar coupling terms and also those between heteronuclear dipolar coupling and chemical-shift anisotropy terms are presented in order to unfold the effects of anisotropic interactions under different decoupling conditions. Extensive numerical simulation results are corroborated with experiments on standard amino acids.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on carbonation of cement pastes

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) are increasingly used in concrete for economical and environmental reasons. However, the durability of reinforced concretes against, for example, corrosion induced by carbonation varies. Here, the phase assemblage of various cement pastes with/without SCM (slag, fly ash and metakaolin), carbonated in accelerated conditions (1.5% CO{sub 2} and 65% RH) or not, has been investigated by various technics (XRD, TGA/DTA and {sup 29}Si as well as {sup 27}Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and compared. Results show that, after carbonation, anhydrous phases are less decalcified than hydrated phases. In cement pastes with slag, most of the calcium remains in the non-hydrated part of the slag. In contrast, the C-A,S-H phase is deeply modified and results show a coupling between C-A,S-H and hydrated aluminate phases during carbonation. In all carbonated materials, these phases tend to become an aluminosilicate gel, a very amorphous/disordered phase, containing less water than the original hydrates.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Magnetic spin structure and magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO{sub 3}-BaTiO{sub 3} multilayer

Magnetic spin structures in epitaxial BiFeO{sub 3} single layer and an epitaxial BaTiO{sub 3}/BiFeO{sub 3} multilayer thin film have been studied by means of nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation. We demonstrate a spin reorientation in the 15 × [BaTiO{sub 3}/BiFeO{sub 3}] multilayer compared to the single BiFeO{sub 3} thin film. Whereas in the BiFeO{sub 3} film, the net magnetic moment m{sup →} lies in the (1–10) plane, identical to the bulk, m{sup →} in the multilayer points to different polar and azimuthal directions. This spin reorientation indicates that strain and interfaces play a significant role in tuning the magnetic spin order. Furthermore, large difference in the magnetic field dependence of the magnetoelectric coefficient observed between the BiFeO{sub 3} single layer and multilayer can be associated with this magnetic spin reorientation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2014

Electro-optic switching in iron oxide nanoparticle embedded paramagnetic chiral liquid crystal via magneto-electric coupling

The variation in optical texture, electro-optic, and dielectric properties of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) embedded ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) with respect to change in temperature and electrical bias conditions are demonstrated in the current investigations. Improvement in spontaneous polarization and response time in nanocomposites has been attributed to magneto-electric (ME) coupling resulting from the strong interaction among the ferromagnetic nanoparticle's exchange field (due to unpaired e{sup −}) and the field of liquid crystal molecular director. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of FLC material gives a broad resonance signal with superimposed components indicating the presence of a source of spin. This paramagnetic behavior of host FLC material had been a major factor in strengthening the guest host interaction by giving an additional possibility of (a) spin-spin interaction and (b) interactions between magnetic-dipole and electric-dipole moments (ME effects) in the composite materials. Furthermore, the phenomenon of dielectric and static memory effect in these composites are also observed which yet again confirms the coupling of magnetic NP's field with FLC's director orientation. We therefore believe that such advanced soft materials holding the optical and electrical properties of conventional LCs with the magnetic and electronic properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticles are going to play a key role in the development of futuristic multifunctional optical devices.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2017

Unusual magnetic excitations in the weakly ordered spin- 1 2 chain antiferromagnet Sr 2 CuO 3 : Possible evidence for Goldstone magnon coupled with the amplitude mode

We report on an electron spin resonance (ESR) study of a nearly one-dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 chain antiferromagnet, Sr 2 CuO 3 , with extremely weak magnetic ordering. The ESR spectra at T > T N , in the disordered Luttinger-spin-liquid phase, reveal nearly ideal Heisenberg-chain behavior with only a very small, field-independent linewidth, ~1/T. In the ordered state, below T N , we identify field-dependent antiferromagnetic resonance modes, which are well described by pseudo-Goldstone magnons in the model of a collinear biaxial antiferromagnet. Additionally, we observe a major resonant mode with unusual and strongly anisotropic properties, which is not anticipated by the conventional theory of Goldstone spin waves. Lastly, we propose that this unexpected magnetic excitation can be attributed to a field-independent magnon mode renormalized due to its interaction with the high-energy amplitude (Higgs) mode in the regime of weak spontaneous symmetry breaking.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Magnetic Ordering in a High‐Spin Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer

Abstract The development of open‐shell organic molecules that magnetically order at room temperature,which can be practically applied, remains a grand challenge in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Despite the exploration of vast chemical space, design paradigms for organic paramagnetic centers generally result in unpaired electron spins that are unstable or isotropic. Here, a high‐spin conjugated polymer is demonstrated, which is composed of alternating cyclopentadithiophene and benzo[1,2‐ c ;4,5‐ c ′]bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole heterocycles, in which macromolecular structure and topology coalesce to promote the spin center generation and intermolecular exchange coupling. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is consistent with spatially localized spins, while magnetic susceptibility measurements show clear anisotropic spin ordering and exchange interactions that persist at room temperature. The application of long‐range π‐correlations for spin center generation promotes remarkable stability. This work offers a fundamentally new approach to the implementation of this long‐sought‐after physical phenomenon within organic materials and the integration of manifold properties within emerging technologies.

Steelman, Michael E.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Optically pumped spin polarization as a probe of many-body thermalization

Disorder and many body interactions are known to impact transport and thermalization in competing ways, with the dominance of one or the other giving rise to fundamentally different dynamical phases. Here we investigate the spin diffusion dynamics of 13 C in diamond, which we dynamically polarize at room temperature via optical spin pumping of engineered color centers. We focus on low-abundance, strongly hyperfine-coupled nuclei, whose role in the polarization transport we expose through the integrated impact of variable radio-frequency excitation on the observable bulk 13 C magnetic resonance signal. Unexpectedly, we find good thermal contact throughout the nuclear spin bath, virtually independent of the hyperfine coupling strength, which we attribute to effective carbon-carbon interactions mediated by the electronic spin ensemble. In particular, observations across the full range of hyperfine couplings indicate the nuclear spin diffusion constant takes values up to two orders of magnitude greater than that expected from homo-nuclear spin couplings.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Quasi-one-dimensional magnetism in the spin-12 antiferromagnet BaNa 2 Cu(VO 4 ) 2

Here, we report synthesis and magnetic properties of quasi-one-dimensional spin- 1 2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain compound BaNa 2 Cu ( VO 4 ) 2 . This orthovanadate has a centrosymmetric crystal structure, C 2 / c , where the magnetic Cu 2 + ions form spin chains. These chains are arranged in layers, with the chain direction changing by 62 ° between the two successive layers. Alternatively, the spin lattice can be viewed as anisotropic triangular layers upon taking the interchain interactions into consideration. Despite this potential structural complexity, temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, electron spin resonance intensity, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shift agree well with the uniform spin- 1 / 2 Heisenberg chain model with an intrachain coupling of J / k B ≃ 5.6 K. The saturation field obtained from the magnetic isotherm measurement consistently reproduces the value of J / k B . Further, the V 51 NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate mimics the one-dimensional character in the intermediate temperature range, whereas magnetic long-range order sets in below T N ≃ 0.25 K. The effective interchain coupling is estimated to be J ⊥ / k B ≃ 0.1 K. The theoretical estimation of exchange couplings using band-structure calculations reciprocate our experimental findings and unambiguously establish the one-dimensional character of the compound. Finally, the spin lattice of BaNa 2 Cu ( VO 4 ) 2 is compared with the chemically similar but not isostructural compound BaAg 2 Cu ( VO 4 ) 2 .

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2015

Vortices at the magnetic equator generated by hybrid Alfvén resonant waves

We performed three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of shear Alfvén waves in a full field line system with magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and plasma non-uniformities. Feedback instability of the Alfvén resonant modes showed various nonlinear features under the field line cavities: (i) a secondary flow shear instability occurs at the magnetic equator, (ii) trapping of the ionospheric Alfvén resonant modes facilitates deformation of field-aligned current structures, and (iii) hybrid Alfvén resonant modes grow to cause vortices and magnetic oscillations around the magnetic equator. Essential features in the initial brightening of auroral arc at substorm onsets could be explained by the dynamics of Alfvén resonant modes, which are the nature of the field line system responding to a background rapid change.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2019

Magnetic Properties and Electronic Structure of Co/Zr Multilayers

We investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of Co/Zr multilayers with an emphasis on the interfacial effects. The saturation magnetization, coercivity, and uniaxial anisotropy depend significantly on Co thickness. Spin-wave resonance modes were observed, and the change of resonant field as a function of mode number (n) obeys the so-called n{sup 2} law. The interlayer coupling constant was determined. The electronic properties of the interfacial alloys were studied using the WIEN2k code, employing the density functional theory. Calculations describe satisfactorily the observed magnetic behaviour. The influence of pressure on the magnetic properties of the interfacial Co{sub 1−x}Zr{sub x} alloys was investigated in which we demonstrate that the ferromagnetism is altered by pressure.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Theoretical Studies of Polar Systems near Ferroelectrics Quantum Critical Points (Final Report)

The PI has studied emergent quantum phases near polar quantum critical points. A first challenge was to develop a theoretical description of the observation that many polar materials undergo classical first-order transitions while displaying quantum criticality. The possibility of novel metallic states near polar quantum critical points was then studied; identification and characterization of a non-Fermi liquid phase was made in a multiband system. In dilute quantum critical polar metals, electronic coupling to polar energy fluctuations was shown to result in attractive electron-electron interactions and to superconductivity. A spin-phonon resonance measurement in applied magnetic field was proposed to determine the magnitude of spin-orbit mediated electron-phonon coupling; furthermore in the polar phase new field-induced phonon collective modes were identified with specific signatures for experiment. In order to keep current, the PI has also worked on other types of strongly correlated problems. With experimental groups, she has developed phenomenologies to identify and explain observed dynamical critical behaviors. The PI has studied the interplay of topology, fractionalization and deconfinement in a minimalist spin model. An emergent phase transition in a 1 + 1 frustrated spin nanotube has also been identified and characterized. The PI has also begun exploring criticality out of equilibrium, characterizing rich dynamical phases associated with photoinduced polar transitions.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2015

Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12} spin pumping for quantitative understanding of pure spin transport and spin Hall effect in a broad range of materials (invited)

Using Y{sub 3}Fe{sub 5}O{sub 12} (YIG) thin films grown by our sputtering technique, we study dynamic spin transport in nonmagnetic, ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic (AF) materials by ferromagnetic resonance spin pumping. From both inverse spin Hall effect and damping enhancement, we determine the spin mixing conductance and spin Hall angle in many metals. Surprisingly, we observe robust spin conduction in AF insulators excited by an adjacent YIG at resonance. This demonstrates that YIG spin pumping is a powerful and versatile tool for understanding spin Hall physics, spin-orbit coupling, and magnetization dynamics in a broad range of materials.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2015

W-band EPR studies of high-spin nitrenes with large spin-orbit contribution to zero-field splitting

First W-band 94 GHz EPR spectra of randomly oriented triplet, quintet, and septet nitrenes formed during the photolysis of 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-tribromobenzene in cryogenic matrices are reported. In comparison with conventional X-band 9 GHz electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, W-band EPR spectroscopy allows the detection and complete spectroscopic characterization of all paramagnetic species formed at different stages of the photolysis of aromatic polyazides. This type of spectroscopy is of paramount importance for experimental determination of the sign of the zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters of high-spin molecules with large spin-orbit contribution to the ZFS, caused by the effect of heavy atoms. The study shows that triplet 1,3-diazido-2,4,6-tribromo-5-nitrenobenzene (T1) has D{sub T} = 1.369 cm{sup −1}, E{sub T} = 0.093 cm{sup −1}, and g = 2.0033, quintet 1-azido-2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-dinitrenobenzene (Q1) shows D{sub Q} = − 0.306 cm{sup −1}, E{sub Q} = 0.0137 cm{sup −1}, and g = 2.0070, and septet 2,4,6-tribromo-1,3,5-trinitrenobenzene (S1) has D{sub S} = − 0.203 cm{sup −1}, E{sub S} = 0, and g = 2.0073. The experimental ZFS parameters agree well with the results of density functional theory calculations at the PBE/Ahlrichs-DZ level of theory, showing that such calculations adequately describe the magnetic properties of bromine-containing high-spin nitrenes. Both experimental and theoretical data indicate that, in contrast to all known to date quintet dinitrenes, dinitrene Q1 has the negative sign of magnetic anisotropy due to the “heavy atom effect.” This dinitrene along with septet trinitrene S1 possess the largest negative value of D among all known quintet and septet organic polyradicals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2016

Voltage control of cavity magnon polariton

We have experimentally investigated the microwave transmission of the cavity-magnon-polariton (CMP) generated by integrating a low damping magnetic insulator onto a 2D microwave cavity. The high tunability of our planar cavity allows the cavity resonance frequency to be precisely controlled using a DC voltage. By appropriately tuning the voltage and magnetic bias, we can observe the cavity photon magnon coupling and the magnetic coupling between a magnetostatic mode and the generated CMP. The dispersion of the generated CMP was measured by either tuning the magnetic field or the applied voltage. This electrical control of CMP may open up avenues for designing advanced on-chip microwave devices that utilize light-matter interaction.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Nonlinear MHD modeling of n = 1 RMP -induced pedestal transport and mode coupling effects on ELM suppression in KSTAR

We report fully suppressing edge-localized modes (ELMs), e.g., with resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), is essential to reach and sustain high-performance steady-state H-mode plasmas because large ELMs can significantly reduce the lifetime of divertor components in future tokamak reactors. RMP-driven ELM suppression in KSTAR has been modeled by coupling the neoclassical transport code PENTRC to the nonlinear 3D MHD code JOREK. We have found that the radial transport from the combined effects of the kink-peeling, tearing response, and neoclassical toroidal viscosity can explain the pedestal degradation observed in experiments. In addition, it has been found that the RMP response can increase the inter-ELM heat flux on the lower outer divertor by redistributing the heat transport between the divertor plates. In addition to the degraded pedestal, ELM suppression is also attributable to the RMP-induced mode interactions. While the linear stability of peeling-ballooning mode (PBMs) improves owing to the degraded pedestal, the PBM and RMP interaction increases the spectral transfer between edge harmonics, preventing catastrophic growth and the crash of unstable modes. Here, it turns out that the magnetic islands near the pedestal top can play a vital role in mediating the mode interactions.

mode coupling↗
DOE OSTI2018

Driving Magnetization Dynamics in an On-Demand Magnonic Crystal via the Magnetoelastic Interactions

Using spatial light interference of ultrafast laser pulses, we generate a lateral modulation in the magnetization profile of an otherwise uniformly magnetized film, whose magnetic excitation spectrum is monitored via the coherent and resonant interaction with elastic waves. In this study, we find an unusual dependence of the magnetoelastic coupling as the externally applied magnetic field is angle- and field-tuned relative to the wave vector of the magnetization modulation, which can be explained by the emergence of spatially inhomogeneous spin-wave modes. In this regard, the spatial light interference methodology can be seen as a user-configurable, temporally windowed, on-demand magnonic crystal, potentially of arbitrary two-dimensional shape, which allows control and selectivity of the spatial distribution of spin waves. Finally, calculations of spin waves using a variety of methods, demonstrated here using the plane-wave method and micromagnetic simulation, can identify the spatial distribution and associated energy scales of each excitation, which opens the door to a number of excitation methodologies beyond our chosen elastic wave excitation.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗