Design and use of interference passband filters with wide-angle lenses for multispectral photography
Interference passband filters with wide angle lenses for multispectral photography, discussing design and applications
Mckenney, D. B.↗
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Spatial registration of multispectral and multitemporal digital imagery using fast Fourier transform techniques
Multispectral and multitemporal digital imagery spatial registration using fast Fourier transform techniques, applying to earth resources satellite imagery preprocessing
Anuta, P. E.↗
Effects of atmospheric path on airborne multispectral sensors
Atmospheric path effects on spectral radiance intensity in remote airborne multispectral sensors
Braithwaite, J. G.↗
Automatic processing of multispectral observations
Statistical methods for inventory boundary determination and data compression in automatic processing of multispectral scanner remote sensor earth observations from aircraft and spacecraft
Krause, F. R.↗
Selection of bands for multispectral imaging of Mars
Bands and gray levels number selection for Mars surface multispectral imaging
Klemas, V.↗
Multispectral color for agriculture and forestry
Multispectral color aerial photography for identification of farm crops and tree species, using broadband camera filters
Wenderoth, S.↗
MSDS - An experimental 24-channel multispectral scanner system
Multispectral scanner and data system with 24 channels for NASA C-130 earth resources survey aircraft
Korb, C. L.↗
Apollo 12 multispectral photography experiment
Apollo 12 multispectral lunar photography experiment using four camera configuration, verifying by ground photoelectric photometry
Billingsley, F. C.↗
Experimental applications of multispectral data to natural resource inventory and survey
The feasibility of using multispectral, color, color infrared, thermal infrared imagery and related ground data to recognize, identify, determine and monitor the status of mineral ore and metals stockpiles is studied. An attempt was made to identify valid, unique spectral signatures of such materials for possible use under a wide variety of environmental circumstances. Research emphasis was upon the analysis of the multiband imagery from the various film-filter combinations, using density analysis techniques.
Mallon, H. J.↗
Multispectral analysis of limestone, dolomite, and granite, Mill Creek, Oklahoma
Spectral reflectance and thermal emission data were collected at the Mill Creek, Oklahoma test site during NASA missions 132 and 133 in June 1970. The data were collected by three aircraft flown several times during the diurnal cycle at altitudes of 150 to 17,000 m above mean terrain. Reflectance of the main rock types (limestone, dolomite, and granite) was determined from the data collected using a 12-channel multispectral scanner during mission 133 and from thermal infrared images recorded during mission 132 on an RS-7 scanner from 17,000 m above terrain. A preliminary rock recognition map was generated automatically using data collected from 900 m above terrain. The discrimination provided by the map is reasonably accurate. Misidentification occurred in areas of unusually high dolomite reflectivity. High altitude thermal infrared (10 to 12 micrometers) images show regional folds and faults distinguished by the presence of thermally contrasting materials. Linear and curvilinear structural features two to three times smaller than the nominal 17 m resolution could be detected.
Rowan, L. C.↗
Multispectral sensing of moisture stress
Laboratory reflectance data, and field tests with multispectral remote sensors provide support for this hypotheses that differences in moisture content and water deficits are closely related to foliar reflectance from woody plants. When these relationships are taken into account, automatic recognition techniques become more powerful than when they are ignored. Evidence is increasing that moisture relationships inside plant foliage are much more closely related to foliar reflectance characteristics than are external variables such as soil moisture, wind, and air temperature. Short term changes in water deficits seem to have little influence on foliar reflectance, however. This is in distinct contrast to significant short-term changes in foliar emittance from the same plants with changing wind, air temperature, incident radiation, or water deficit conditions.
Olson, C. E., Jr.↗
Summary of Michigan multispectral investigations program
The development of techniques to extend spectral signatures in space and time is reported. Signatures that were valid for 30 miles have been extended for 129 miles using transformation and sun sensor data so that a complicated multispectral recognition problem that required 219 learning sets can now be done with 13 learning sets.
Legault, R. R.↗
Multispectral techniques for general geological surveys evaluation of a four-band photographic system
A general geological survey at 1:62,500 scale of the well exposed rocks of the White Mountains and the adjacent volcanic desert plateau is reported. The tuffs, granites, sedimentary rocks and metavolcanic rocks in this arid region are varicolored and conventional black and white aerial photographs have been a useful mapping aid. A large number of true color and false color aerial photographs and multispectral viewer screen images of the study area are evaluated in order to consider what imagery is the most useful for distinguishing rock types. Photographs of true color film are judged the most useful for recognizing geographic locations.
Crowder, D., F.↗
Analysis of simulated multispectral data from earth resources satellites
The validity of the applicability assumption was determined through the simulation of ERTS and Skylab data using available aircraft scanner systems. The research techniques compared aircraft multispectral scanner data obtained under nominal conditions at low altitudes. Maximum likelihood decision criteria algorithms implemented on a digital computer were used to classify training set data. Comparisons between percentages of correct classifications were made, along with implications as to the techniques of satellite analysis.
White, D. A.↗
Multispectral image dissector camera system
A sensor system which provides registered high-solution multispectral images from a single sensor with no mechanical moving parts is reported, and the operation of an image dissector camera (IDC) is described. An earth scene 100 nautical miles wide is imaged through a single lens onto a photocathode surface containing three spectral filters, thereby producing three separate spectral signatures on the photocathode surface. An electron image is formed, accelerated, focused, and electromagnetically, deflected across an image plane which contains three sampling apertures, behind which are located three electron multipliers. The IDC system uses electromagnetic deflection for cross-track scanning and spacecraft orbit motion for along-track scanning, thus eliminating the need for a mechanical scanning mirror.
Johnson, B. L.↗
Maintenance and operation of the multispectral data collection and reproduction facilities of the Willow Run Laboratories
The accomplishments in multispectral mapping during 1970 and (fiscal year) 1971 are presented. The mapping was done with the instrumented C-47 aircraft owned and operated by Willow Run Laboratories of The University of Michigan. Specific information for flight operations sponsored by NASA/MSC (Manned Spacecraft Center) in 1970 and fiscal year 1971 is presented, and a total listing of flights for 1968, 1969, 1970, and fiscal year 1971 is included in the appendices. The data-collection and reproduction facilities are described.
Hasell, P. G., Jr.↗
Analysis of multispectral images simulating ERTS observations
Simulation studies of selected aircraft and spacecraft acquired images were initiated in response to anticipated desires of the user community for simulated imagery prior to launch of ERTS-A. Principal modes of simulation included: (1) areas of coverage comparable to ERTS; (2) spatial resolutions within these images similar to ERTS; (3) spectral responses analogous to that expected from each channel on both the return beam vidicon and multispectral scanner, leading to production of photographic images that should appear similar to those representing each band in the two sensors; and (4) runthroughs of several analytical techniques, such as color density slicing, color additive viewing, and computer-generated reflectance and surface temperature maps, by which ERTS data can be analyzed, interpreted, and applied. The two areas involved in the simulation study were Wyoming and the Chesapeake Bay region.
Short, N. M.↗
A multispectral method of measuring sea surface temperatures from satellites
A multispectral technique has been developed which independently tests for the presence of clouds before a registered window radiance measurement is accepted as coming from the sea surface and the intervening atmosphere. The spatial resolution of ocean temperature mapping can be the same as that of the radiometer. With the 55 km subsatellite track resolution of the Nimbus 2 MRIR, current boundaries and upwelling areas have been successfully identified. Knowledge of the position of these regions and temperatures within them are important to the detection of areas of high chlorophyll concentrations.
Shenk, W. E.↗