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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2019

AmeriFlux US-CF2 CAF-LTAR Cook West

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CF2 CAF-LTAR Cook West. Site Description - CF2 has operated since May 2017 at the R.J. Cook Agronomy Farm outside of Pullman, Washington, and monitors the conventionally tilled side of a paired-catchment study that is part of the Longterm Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site common experiment. CF2 is located in “Cook West,” a field that has been in conventional tillage since prior to 1998 and constitutes the Prevalent treatment of the common experiment. In this case, conventional tillage involves chisel plowing after the winter wheat phase of rotations (approximately every 3-4 years) and occasional harrowing. CF2 is paired with the CF1 tower location in “Cook East,” which has been in no-till since 1998 and represents the Alternative treatment of the common experiment. Both fields are planted in the same crops every year. Cook Agronomy Farm is in the high precipitation agroecological zone of the Columbia Plateau’s dryland cropping region. Crop rotations are wheat-based and include winter wheat, spring wheat, chickpea, spring canola, and winter peas. Wheat is the principal cash crop, with other crops grown in rotation for diversity, nutrient, and pest management. Soils are predominantly silt loam texture Mollisols in the Palouse, Thatuna, Naff soil series. The CF2 tower replaced US-RC2, which operated 2012-2016 in a neighboring field that was also conventionally tilled. CF2 and RC2 have distinct footprints, aspects, and soil series compositions.

Huggins, Dave↗
DOE OSTI2021

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-CF1 CAF-LTAR Cook East

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CF1 CAF-LTAR Cook East. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CF1 CAF-LTAR Cook East produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - CF1 has operated since May 2017 at the R.J. Cook Agronomy Farm outside of Pullman, Washington, and monitors the no-till side of a paired-catchment study that is part of the Longterm Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site common experiment. CF1 is located in “Cook East,” a field that has been in no-till management since 1998, and represents the Alternative treatment of the LTAR common experiment. It is paired with the CF2 tower location in “Cook West,” which has been in conventional tillage since prior to 1998 and represents the Prevalent treatments of the common experiment. Cook Agronomy Farm is in the high precipitation agroecological zone of the Columbia Plateau’s dryland cropping region. Crop rotations are wheat-based and include winter wheat, spring wheat, chickpea, spring canola, and winter peas. Wheat is the principal cash crop, with other crops grown in rotation for diversity, nutrient, and pest management. Soils are predominantly silt loam texture Mollisols in the Palouse, Thatuna, Naff soil series. The CF1 tower replaced US-RC1, which operated 2012-2016 in a neighboring field that was also in no-till management since 1998. CF1 and RC1 have distinct footprints, aspects, and soil series compositions.

Phillips, Claire L.↗
DOE OSTI2022

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-CF2 CAF-LTAR Cook West

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CF2 CAF-LTAR Cook West. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-CF2 CAF-LTAR Cook West produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - CF2 has operated since May 2017 at the R.J. Cook Agronomy Farm outside of Pullman, Washington, and monitors the conventionally tilled side of a paired-catchment study that is part of the Longterm Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site common experiment. CF2 is located in “Cook West,” a field that has been in conventional tillage since prior to 1998 and constitutes the Prevalent treatment of the common experiment. In this case, conventional tillage involves chisel plowing after the winter wheat phase of rotations (approximately every 3-4 years) and occasional harrowing. CF2 is paired with the CF1 tower location in “Cook East,” which has been in no-till since 1998 and represents the Alternative treatment of the common experiment. Both fields are planted in the same crops every year. Cook Agronomy Farm is in the high precipitation agroecological zone of the Columbia Plateau’s dryland cropping region. Crop rotations are wheat-based and include winter wheat, spring wheat, chickpea, spring canola, and winter peas. Wheat is the principal cash crop, with other crops grown in rotation for diversity, nutrient, and pest management. Soils are predominantly silt loam texture Mollisols in the Palouse, Thatuna, Naff soil series. The CF2 tower replaced US-RC2, which operated 2012-2016 in a neighboring field that was also conventionally tilled. CF2 and RC2 have distinct footprints, aspects, and soil series compositions.

Huggins, Dave↗
DOE OSTI2024

AmeriFlux US-MN1 Morris: Corn-Soybean with Cover Crops, Strip Tillage

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN1 Morris: Corn-Soybean with Cover Crops, Strip Tillage. Site Description - Cropland, 2-year rotation (corn-soybean), strip tillage with winter cover crops (annual rye), nutrient management by soil tests, uniform pest management, tile drainage

Helseth, Christina↗
DOE OSTI2024

AmeriFlux US-MN2 Morris: Corn-Soybean-Wheat with Cover Crops, Minimal Tillage

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN2 Morris: Corn-Soybean-Wheat with Cover Crops, Minimal Tillage. Site Description - Cropland, 3-year rotation (corn-soybean-wheat), cover crops (winter camelina and pennycress), minimum tillage, nutrient management by soil tests, uniform pest management, tile drainage

Helseth, Christina↗
DOE OSTI2024

AmeriFlux US-MN3 Morris: Corn-Soybean, Conventional Tillage

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN3 Morris: Corn-Soybean, Conventional Tillage. Site Description - Cropland, 2-year rotation (corn-soybean), conventional (deep rip) tillage, uniform nutrient management, uniform pest management, tile drainage

Helseth, Christina↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-MN1 Morris: Corn-Soybean with Cover Crops, Strip Tillage

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN1 Morris: Corn-Soybean with Cover Crops, Strip Tillage. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN1 Morris: Corn-Soybean with Cover Crops, Strip Tillage produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Cropland, 2-year rotation (corn-soybean), strip tillage with winter cover crops (annual rye), nutrient management by soil tests, uniform pest management, tile drainage

Helseth, Christina [USDA-ARS LTAR]↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-MN2 Morris: Corn-Soybean-Wheat with Cover Crops, Minimal Tillage

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN2 Morris: Corn-Soybean-Wheat with Cover Crops, Minimal Tillage. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN2 Morris: Corn-Soybean-Wheat with Cover Crops, Minimal Tillage produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Cropland, 3-year rotation (corn-soybean-wheat), cover crops (winter camelina and pennycress), minimum tillage, nutrient management by soil tests, uniform pest management, tile drainage

Helseth, Christina [USDA-ARS LTAR]↗
DOE OSTI2025

AmeriFlux FLUXNET-1F US-MN3 Morris: Corn-Soybean, Conventional Tillage

This is the AmeriFlux Management Project (AMP) created FLUXNET-1F version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN3 Morris: Corn-Soybean, Conventional Tillage. This is the FLUXNET version of the carbon flux data for the site US-MN3 Morris: Corn-Soybean, Conventional Tillage produced by applying the standard ONEFlux (1F) software. Site Description - Cropland, 2-year rotation (corn-soybean), conventional (deep rip) tillage, uniform nutrient management, uniform pest management, tile drainage

Helseth, Christina [USDA-ARS LTAR]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Effect of X-ray Irradiation and Carnauba Wax Coating on Quality of Lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) Fruit

The quality of Persian (Tahiti) lime (Citrus latifoliaTan.) fruit was determined following coating with carnauba wax and X-ray irradiation at doses suitable for disinfestation of quarantine pests. Fruit with or without carnauba wax coating were treated with irradiation doses of 0, 150, 300, or 450 Gy, and stored for 14 days at 13 °C and 6 days at 20 °C to simulate commercial transportation and marketing conditions from Hawaii to the continental United States. The fruit color, weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS) content, and titratable acidity (TA) were analyzed at 7, 14, and 14 + 6 days post irradiation. Wax coating significantly delayed fruit peel discoloration, and reduced fruit weight loss by more than 7% compared with the unwaxed controls. Irradiation did not affectΔEof the peel for coated fruit at day 14 + 6. Irradiation with or without coating did not affectΔEof flesh color, weight loss, TSS content, or TA. Wax coating combined with irradiation treatment of limes at doses ≤450 Gy ensured marketable visual quality and chemical composition while providing quarantine security.

Agriculture↗
DOE OSTI2018

Is Corn Stover Harvest Predictable Using Farm Operation, Technology, and Management Variables?

Core Ideas Corn stover removal was not common in 2010. Crop sequences were similar for stover and non‐stover harvest farms. State‐level variation occurred in the relative size of farms removing corn stover. Soil erosion control measures were not frequently adopted by either farm group. Crop residue management, provision of animal feed or bedding, and increased income are potential reasons for harvesting corn ( Zea mays L.) stover. Reasons for not doing so include the need for crop residue to restore or increase soil organic matter, protect against wind and water erosion, and cycle plant nutrients. Bioenergy market development may increase the number of producers harvesting corn stover. Can farming practice data predict the likelihood for harvesting corn stover at a national scale? Farm operation, technology, and management variables from the 2010 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) of U.S. corn growers were compared between operations that removed corn stover and those that did not. Nationwide, stover was removed from approximately 6.3% of all corn operations, indicating stover harvest was not a common practice in 2010. Factors increasing the likelihood for stover harvest included producing feed corn, managing crop residues for pest control, and farmland ownership. Technology and conservation practice adoption rates were similar in both groups. Excessive stover removal can increase soil degradation. Both groups had erosion control adoption rates of ≤10%, which may provide an additional disincentive to harvest stover. Overall, the evaluated variables were similar between producers that did and did not harvest stover. This assessment provides a 2010 national baseline that can be used for future evaluations as bioenergy and bioproduct markets develop.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Zero Energy Ready Home Multifamily Case Study Analysis

Two multifamily buildings planned in Climate Zone 4 were analyzed to determine the cost, energy and performance implications of redesigning them to comply with Zero Energy Ready Home, a recognition program of the U.S. Department of Energy. Energy modeling was conducted on one representative apartment in each building using BEopt. Construction costs were obtained from the developer and subcontractors to determine savings and cost increases over ENERGY STAR. It was found that seven items would be necessary to change to comply with ZERH criteria when starting from the original design which was compliant with ENERGY STAR version 3.0. Design changes were made to the exterior walls, domestic water heating system, duct protection, duct design, garage ventilation, and pest control to comply with ZERH requirements. Energy impacts of upgrading from the original design to ZERH resulted in 2 to 8% reduction in modeled source energy consumption, or 1.7 to 10.4 MMBtu per year, although the original design was already about 8% better than a design configured to minimum ENERGY STAR criteria. According to the BEopt analysis, annualized energy related costs of the ZERH design were slightly higher for the apartment and slightly lower for the townhome when compared to the original design.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2016

GeoT User’s Guide, A Computer Program for Multicomponent Geothermometry and Geochemical Speciation, Version 2.1

GeoT implements the multicomponent geothermometry method developed by Reed and Spycher (1984, Geochim. Cosmichim. Acta 46 513–528) into a stand-alone computer program, to ease the application of this method and to improve the prediction of geothermal reservoir temperatures using full and integrated chemical analyses of geothermal fluids. Reservoir temperatures are estimated from statistical analyses of mineral saturation indices computed as a function of temperature. The reconstruction of the deep geothermal fluid compositions, and geothermometry computations, are all implemented into the same computer program, allowing unknown or poorly constrained input parameters to be estimated by numerical optimization using existing parameter estimation software, such as iTOUGH2, PEST, or UCODE. This integrated geothermometry approach presents advantages over classical geothermometers for fluids that have not fully equilibrated with reservoir minerals and/or that have been subject to processes such as dilution and gas loss.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2016

Development and Application of Predictive Tools for MHD Stability Limits in Tokamaks

This is a project to develop and apply analytic and computational tools to answer physics questions relevant to the onset of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities in toroidal magnetic confinement plasmas. The focused goal of the research is to develop predictive tools for these instabilities, including an inner layer solution algorithm, a resistive wall with control coils, and energetic particle effects. The production phase compares studies of instabilities in such systems using analytic techniques, PEST- III and NIMROD. Two important physics puzzles are targeted as guiding thrusts for the analyses. The first is to form an accurate description of the physics determining whether the resistive wall mode or a tearing mode will appear first as β is increased at low rotation and low error fields in DIII-D. The second is to understand the physical mechanism behind recent NIMROD results indicating strong damping and stabilization from energetic particle effects on linear resistive modes. The work seeks to develop a highly relevant predictive tool for ITER, advance the theoretical description of this physics in general, and analyze these instabilities in experiments such as ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, JET, JT-60U and NTSX. The awardee on this grant is the University of Tulsa. The research efforts are supervised principally by Dr. Brennan. Support is included for two graduate students, and a strong collaboration with Dr. John M. Finn of LANL. The work includes several ongoing collaborations with General Atomics, PPPL, and the NIMROD team, among others.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2017

Groundwater flow simulation of the Savannah River Site general separations area

The most recent groundwater flow model of the General Separations Area, Savannah River Site, is referred to as the “GSA/PORFLOW” model. GSA/PORFLOW was developed in 2004 by porting an existing General Separations Area groundwater flow model from the FACT code to the PORFLOW code. The preceding “GSA/FACT” model was developed in 1997 using characterization and monitoring data through the mid-1990’s. Both models were manually calibrated to field data. Significantly more field data have been acquired since the 1990’s and model calibration using mathematical optimization software has become routine and recommended practice. The current task involved updating the GSA/PORFLOW model using selected field data current through at least 2015, and use of the PEST code to calibrate the model and quantify parameter uncertainty. This new GSA groundwater flow model is named “GSA2016” in reference to the year in which most development occurred. The GSA2016 model update is intended to address issues raised by the DOE Low-Level Waste (LLW) Disposal Facility Federal Review Group (LFRG) in a 2008 review of the E-Area Performance Assessment, and by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in reviews of tank closure and Saltstone Disposal Facility Performance Assessments.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Modeling the temporal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate pools in forest trees

Trees store carbohydrates, in the form of sugars and starch, as reserves to be used to power both future growth as well as to support day-to-day metabolic functions. These reserves are particularly important in the context of how trees cope with disturbance and stress—for example, as related to pest outbreaks, wind or ice damage, and extreme climate events. In this project, we measured the size of carbon reserves in forest trees, and determined how quickly these reserves are used and replaced—i.e., their “turnover time”. Our work was conducted at Harvard Forest, a temperate deciduous forest in central Massachusetts. Through field sampling, laboratory-based chemical analyses, and allometric modeling, we scaled these measurements up to whole-tree NSC budgets. We used these data to test and improve computer simulation models of carbon flow through forest ecosystems. Our modeling focused on the mathematical representation of these stored carbon reserves, and we examined the sensitivity of model performance to different model structures. This project contributes to DOE’s goal to improve next-generation models of the earth system, and to understand the impacts of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Health and Safety Audit Design Manual

The Health and Safety Audit is an electronic audit tool developed by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to assist in the identification and selection of health and safety measures when a home is being weatherized (i.e., receiving home energy upgrades), especially as part of the US Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program, or during home energy-efficiency retrofit or remodeling jobs. The audit is specifically applicable to existing single-family homes (including mobile homes), and is generally applicable to individual dwelling units in low-rise multifamily buildings. The health and safety issues covered in the audit are grouped in nine categories: mold and moisture, lead, radon, asbestos, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), combustion, pest infestation, safety, and ventilation. Development of the audit was supported by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control and the DOE Weatherization Assistance Program.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2018

Generation of Switchgrass Plants with Optimized Biomass Composition for Biofuel Production

Liquid fuel produced from dried plant mass is approaching cost competitiveness with corn ethanol. Lignocellulosic biomass can be used to produce biofuel and is the most abundant, readily available, and renewable material on Earth. However, lignin, a key component of plant structures necessary for growth and protection against pathogens and pests, is a very tough substance that prevents easy accessibility to fermentable sugars present in biomass. Consequently, high lignin content in the biomass makes processing for biofuels very difficult and expensive. Previous efforts to develop low lignin plants have failed due to weakened stalks and stems and poor growth. In the CRADA project, we developed synthetic biology tools for plant transformations to generate low lignin, high sugar switchgrass transgenic lines. This engineering technology enabled healthy switchgrass plants to grow with 25-55% more fermentable sugars and 20-25% less lignin (but reduced only in selected internal fiber structures so that stalks and stems remain strong). Consequently, biorefineries using this low lignin switchgrass can reduce initial investment, lower ongoing operating expenses, and increase annual revenue. The low lignin switchgrass would give cellulosic biofuels an economically competitive advantage compared to corn ethanol.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗