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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1976

First-Order-hold interpolation digital-to-analog converter with application to aircraft simulation

Those who design piloted aircraft simulations must contend with the finite size and speed of the available digital computer and the requirement for simulation reality. With a fixed computational plant, the more complex the model, the more computing cycle time is required. While increasing the cycle time may not degrade the fidelity of the simulated aircraft dynamics, the larger steps in the pilot cue feedback variables (such as the visual scene cues), may be disconcerting to the pilot. The first-order-hold interpolation (FOHI) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented as a device which offers smooth output, regardless of cycle time. The Laplace transforms of these three conversion types are developed and their frequency response characteristics and output smoothness are compared. The FOHI DAC exhibits a pure one-cycle delay. Whenever the FOHI DAC input comes from a second-order (or higher) system, a simple computer software technique can be used to compensate for the DAC phase lag. When so compensated, the FOHI DAC has (1) an output signal that is very smooth, (2) a flat frequency response in frequency ranges of interest, and (3) no phase error. When the input comes from a first-order system, software compensation may cause the FOHI DAC to perform as an FOHE DAC, which, although its output is not as smooth as that of the FOHI DAC, has a smoother output than that of the ZOH DAC.

Cleveland, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Electric vehicle power train instrumentation: Some constraints and considerations

The application of pulse modulation control (choppers) to dc motors creates unique instrumentation problems. In particular, the high harmonic components contained in the current waveforms require frequency response accommodations not normally considered in dc instrumentation. In addition to current sensing, accurate power measurement requires not only adequate frequency response but must also address phase errors caused by the finite bandwidths and component characteristics involved. The implications of these problems are assessed.

Triner, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Ionosphere/microwave beam interaction study

The microwave beam of the Solar Power Satellite (SPS) is predicted to interact with the ionosphere producing thermal runaway up to an altitude of about 100 kilometers at a power density threshold of 12 mW/cm sq (within a factor of two). The operation of the SPS at two frequencies, 2450 and 5800 MHz, is compared. The ionosphere interaction is less at the higher frequency, but the tropospheric problem scattering from heavy rain and hail is worse at the higher frequency. Microwave signals from communication satellites were observed to scintillate, but there is some concern that the uplink pilot signal may be distorted by the SPS heated ionosphere. The microwave scintillations are only observed in the tropics in the early evenings near the equinoxes. Results indicate that large phase errors in the uplink pilot signal can be reduced.

Gordon, W. E.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Electric vehicle power train instrumentation - Some constraints and considerations

The application of pulse modulation control (choppers) to dc motors creates unique instrumentation problems. In particular, the high-harmonic components contained in the current waveforms require frequency-response accommodations not normally considered in dc instrumentation. In addition to current sensing, accurate power measurement not only requires adequate frequency response but also must address phase errors caused by the finite bandwidths and component characteristics involved. This paper discusses the implications of these problems and reports on the degree to which they have been solved at Lewis Research Center.

Triner, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Analysis and design of a second-order digital phase-locked loop

A specific second-order digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) was modeled as a first-order Markov chain with alternatives. From the matrix of transition probabilities of the Markov chain, the steady-state phase error of the DPLL was determined. In a similar manner the loop's response was calculated for a fading input. Additionally, a hardware DPLL was constructed and tested to provide a comparison to the results obtained from the Markov chain model. In all cases tested, good agreement was found between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data.

Blasche, P. R.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Choice of method for discretization of continuous systems

The paper discusses and compares several common methods of discretizing the transfer function of a continuous control system so that a digital computer can be used. The discretization effect on the frequency response attenuation of the simple transfer function G(s) = 1/(s + 1) is illustrated for the Tusting, Boxer-Thaler, Madwed, linear segment approximation, and stair-step with half period advanced methods. The input frequency must be significantly lower than one-half the sampling error to have negligible discretization error. Phase differences due to discretization are also plotted, and it is seen that the zero-order hold contributes much more phase shift than that due to discretization. In situations where zero-order hold must follow a computer, the method of discretization of a continuous system is not a major factor if phase shift is important.

Mcvey, E. S.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Subcarrier phase recovery performance in bent-pipe mode of Shuttle data transmission

The subcarrier phase recovery is analyzed for the bent-pipe mode of Space Shuttle detached-payload data transmission on the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) Ku-band return link. The high-power component of the subcarrier modulation is unrestored payload data, either at baseband or modulating another subcarrier. At the receiver a Costas loop recovers the subcarrier phase. To analyze its performance in the baseband case, we obtain the loop S-curve, the power spectral density of the equivalent noise process, and the loop phase error variance.

Mckenzie, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Weighting in digital synthetic aperture radar processing

Weighting is employed in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing to reduce the sidelobe response at the expense of peak center response height and mainlobe resolution. The weighting effectiveness in digital processing depends not only on the choice of weighting function, but on the fineness of sampling and quantization, on the time bandwidth product, on the quadratic phase error, and on the azimuth antenna pattern. The results of simulations conducted to uncover the effect of these parameters on azimuth weighting effectiveness are presented. In particular, it is shown that multilook capabilities of future SAR systems may obviate the need for consideration of the antenna pattern, and that azimuth time-bandwidth products of over 200 are probably required before the digital results begin to approach the ideal results.

Dicenzo, A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The 64 meter antenna operation at K sub A band

The future potential of the 32 GHz K sub A band frequency region to planetary exploration, and the expected performance of the 64 m antenna network at 32 GHz is addressed. A modest level of noninterference upgrade work is assumed to achieve reasonable antenna aperture efficiency and alleviate antenna pointing difficulties. Electronic compensation of antenna aperture phasing errors is briefly considered as an alternative to the physical upgrade.

Potter, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

The effect of accuracy, conservation and filtering on numerical weather forecasting

Considerations leading to the numerical design of the GLAS fourth-order global atmospheric model are discussed, including changes recently introduced into the model. The computation time and memory requirements for the fourth-order model are similar to those of the present second-order GLAS model with the same 4 deg latitude, 5 deg longitude, and 9 vertical-level resolution. However, the fourth-order model forecast skill is significantly better than that of the current GLAS model, and after three days it is comparable to the 2.5 by 3 deg version of the GLAS model in the sea level pressure maps, and has less phase errors in the 500 mb maps.

Kalnay-Rivas, E.↗
NASA NTRS1981

An interferometer-based phase control system

A system for focusing and pointing the SPS power beam is discussed. The system is ground based and closed loop. One receiving antenna is required on earth. A conventional uplinked data channel transmits an 8-bit phase error correction back to the SPS for sequential calibration of each power module. Beam pointing resolution is better than 140 meters at the rectenna.

Ott, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Carrier phase recovery performance for PN-spread TDRSS link with radio-frequency interference

The carrier-phase recovery performance of a Costas loop for a nonlinear satellite channel with uplink and downlink noise is analyzed, and the extension of these results to the case where uplink radio-frequency interference (RFI) is present is considered. The signal format here is binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) or unbalanced quaternary phase-shift-keyed (UQPSK), the signals being either the non-return-to-zero (NRZ) or biphase (Manchester) type. With UQPSK, at least one data stream must be PN-spread. The channel comprises additive white Gaussian noise (WGN), a wideband filter, a bandpass nonlinearity and more additive WGN. The RFI being considered is pulsed continuous-wave, pulsed WGN, or a combination of the two. It is noted that the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) will be subjected to RFI from certain locations, especially in the S-band of frequencies. The characteristics of this link are generalized to form the assumptions underlying this analysis. The analytical results given include the S-curve of the equivalent loop and the phase-error variance of the linearized loop.

Mckenzie, T. M.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Joint map data/phase sequence estimation for trellis phase codes

A unified estimation procedure is formulated for the coherent detection of trellis phase codes, including partial response FM codes and multi-h codes. The unknown carrier phase is imbedded in the system state vector, and by simple augmentation of the decoder's state space, joint data and carrier estimation may be accomplished. The procedure is general to all trellis phase codes analyzed thus far. The effect of a static phase error on detection performance is also treated.

Wilson, S. G.↗
NASA NTRS1980

An interferometer-based phase control system

A system for focusing and pointing the SPS power beam is discussed. The system is ground based and closed loop. One receiving antenna is required on Earth. A conventional uplink data channel transmits an 8-bit phase error correlation back to the SPS for sequential calibration of each power module. Beam pointing resolution is better than 140 meters at the Rectenna.

Ott, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Airborne Electronically Steerable Phased Array (AESPA) program

The basic concept and design of a flatplate-fed transmission array are described and system performance requirements are summarized. Particular emphasis is given to the design of the aperture, the radiating element, the phase shifter, the flatplate feed, and the mechanical support structure. Fabrication and testing techniques are considered. Of the three major parameters of interest in demonstrating the performance capabilities of the transmissive array, beamwidth was shown to be the least sensitive to system amplitude and phase errors. Beam pointing angle was also shown to be relatively insensitive to errors. Close agreement between measured and calculated values was found for array gain. The greatest difference was found for array sidelone level.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1980

An interferometer based phase control system

An interferometer based phase control system for focusing and pointing the solar power satellite (SPS) power beam is discussed. The system is ground based and closed loop. One receiving antenna is required on Earth. A conventional uplink data channel transmits an 8 bit phase error correction back to the SPS for sequential calibration of each power module. Beam pointing resolution is better than 140 meters at the rectenna.

Ott, J. H.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Coaxial prime focus feeds for paraboloidal reflectors

A TE11 - TM11 dual mode coaxial feed for use in prime focus paraboloidal antenna systems is investigated. The scattering matrix parameters of the internal bifurcation junction was determined by the residue calculus technique. The scattering parameters and radiation fields of the aperture were found from the Weinstein solution. The optimum modeing ratio for minimum cross-polarization was determined along with the corresponding optimum feed dimensions. A peak cross-polarization level of -58 dB is predicted. The frequency characteristics were also investigated and a bandwidth of 5% is predicted over which the cross-polarization remains below -30 dB, the input VSWR is below 1.15, and the phase error is less than 10 deg. Theoretical radiation patterns and efficiency curves for a paraboloidal reflector illuminated by this feed were computed. The predicted sidelobe level is below -30 dB and aperture efficiencies greater than 70% are possible. Experimental results are also presented that substantiates the theoretical results. In addition, experimental results for a 'short-cup' coaxial feed are given. The report includes extensive design data for the dual-mode feed along with performance curves showing cross-polarization as a function of feed parameters. The feed is useful for low-cost ground based receiving antennas for use in direct television satellite broadcasting service.

Collin, R. E.↗