A study of residual stress induced during rolling.
Rolling induced residual stress measurements as function of depth and component Rockwell hardness for inner races from deep groove ball bearings
Anderson, W. J.↗
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Pulmonary-impedance power spectral analysis: A facile means of detecting radiation-induced gastrointestinal distress and performance decrement in man
Changes in respiratory variance revealed by power spectral analysis of the pulmonary impedance pneumogram can be used to detect and measure stresses directly or indirectly affecting human respiratory function. When gastrointestinal distress occurred during a series of 5 total-body exposures of 30 R at a rate of 1.5 R/min, it was accompanied by typical shifts in pulmonary impedance power spectra. These changes did not occur after protracted exposure of 250 R (30 R daily) at 1.5 R/hr that failed to cause radiation sickness. This system for quantitating respiratory effort can also be used to detect alterations in one's ability to perform under controlled exercise conditions.
Rick, R. C.↗
Time-dependent polymer rheology under constant stress and under constant shear conditions.
A kinetic rate theory previously presented for describing non-Newtonian phenomena has been further modified to predict the flow behavior of viscoelastic materials under constant stress conditions. The thixotropic shear stress or shear rate is predicted by the kinetic theory, and the experimental stress or shear rate is obtained by modifying the thixotropic value by a stress or shear rate retardation term. The retardation term stems from a Maxwellian approach for stress retardation. In order to test the validity of this approach, transient and steady-state data were obtained for two solutions of polymethylmethacrylate in diethylphthalate. Both constant stress measurements and constant shear rate data were taken over a broad range.
Lee, K. H.↗
Advanced research to qualify man for long term weightlessness.
NASA is in the process of conducting a broad program of research and development of technology to qualify, support, and permit the successful use of man in long-term space flight. The technological tasks include human engineering, extravehicular engineering, life support, and human research to assess the effect of space stresses on human physiology and psychology. Various testing techniques that are being used may have future relevance to world health. These include a biocybernetic approach to the study of cardiovascular stresses, measurement of blood flow by means of the Doppler effect, and a device for simulating radiation dosages similar to those produced in solar flares. The planned program includes a study of both humans and animals.
Jones, W. L.↗
Nondestructive testing of railroad wheels and rails by ultrasonics
Quality control of wheels and rails can be improved by using ultrasonic technique developed for measuring stresses in metallic materials. In addition, parts already in use can be tested and replaced if they are found to be unsafe. Test equipment includes two transducers.
Clotfelter, W. M.↗
Calculation of turbulent shear stress in supersonic boundary layer flows
Turbulent shear stress distributions for supersonic boundary layer flows have been computed from experimental mean boundary layer data. The computations have been made by numerically integrating the time averaged continuity and streamwise momentum equations. Distributions have been obtained for flows upstream and downstream of shock-wave-boundary layer interactions and for both two-dimensional and axisymmetric flows. The computed results are compared with recently reported shear stress measurements which were obtained by hot wire anemometer and laser velocimeter techniques.
Sun, C. C.↗
Device for tensioning test specimens within an hermetically sealed chamber
The device is characterized by a support column adapted to be received within an insulated, hermetically sealable chamber. A plurality of anchor pins are mounted on the column for releasibly connecting thereto a plurality of test specimens. A plurality of axially displaceable pull rods are received by the column in coaxial alignment with the anchor pins. One end of each pull rod is provided with a coupling for connecting the pull rod to a test specimen. The opposite end of the pull rod is entended through a cover plate and adapted to be connected with a remotely related linear actuator through a connecting link including a load cell for measuring stress as the pull rod is placed in tension by the actuator.
Evans, P. K.↗
Investigation of threaded fastener structural integrity
Technical nondestructive evaluation approaches to the determination of fastener integrity were assessed. Existing instruments and methods used to measure stress or strain were examined, with particular interest in fastener shank stress. Industry procedures being followed were evaluated to establish fastener integrity criteria.
Source record↗
Strain buildup and release, earthquake prediction and selection of VLB sites for the margins of the North Pacific
Projects studying different aspects of crustal deformation are discussed. The rifting process at the plate boundary in northern Iceland was investigated using combined seismic, tilt, and displacement measurements. Stresses acting on the Alpine fault, New Zealand, were modeled based on observations of regional variation in metamorphism and argon loss. The relationship between the stress pattern shown by intraplate seismicity and possible stresses on plates arising from litohspheric motion over the asthenosphere was investigated. Small earthquakes in Southern California were studied to determine if subregions of uniform strain release exist and if interaction occurs between faults.
Scholz, C. H.↗
Large Area Silicon Sheet by EFG
Influences on ribbon quality which might be caused by various materials of construction which are used in the growth furnace were assessed. At the present level of ribbon quality, which has produced 8.5% to 9.5% efficient solar cells, no particular influence of any furnace part was detected. The experiments led to the suspicion that the general environment and the somewhat unoptimized materials handling procedures might be responsible for the current variations in ribbon quality and that, therefore, continuous work with this furnace under rather more stringent environmental conditions and operating procedures could perhaps improve materials quality to some extent. The work on the multiple furnace was continued with two multiple growth runs being performed. In these runs, the melt replenishment system performed poorly and extensive modifications to it were designed to make reliable melt feeding for five ribbon growth possible. Additional characterization techniques for wide ribbons, stress measurements, and growth dynamics experiments are reported.
Source record↗
90- to 93-percent efficient collector for operation of a dual-mode traveling-wave tube in the linear region
An axisymmetric multistage depressed collector was evaluated in conjunction with a dual-mode TWT. Collector performance optimizations for the TWT operation in the linear range were stressed. Measured collector efficiencies in excess of 90 percent led to dramatic improvements in TWT overall efficiency.
Ramins, P.↗
The effect of thermal stresses on the integrity of three built-up aircraft structures
A Mach 6 flight was simulated in order to examine heating effects on three frame/skin specimens. The specimens included: a titanium truss frame with a lockalloy skin; a stainless steel z-frame with a lockalloy skin; and a titanium z-frame with a lockalloy skin. Thermal stresses and temperature were measured on these specimens for the purpose of examining their efficiency, performance, and integrity. Measured thermal stresses were examined with respect to material yield strengths, buckling criteria, structural weight, and geometric locations. Principal thermal stresses were studied from the standpoint of uniaxial stress assumptions. Measured thermal stresses were compared to predicted values.
Jenkins, J. M.↗
Turbulent boundary layer around a group of obstacles in the direction of flow
Results of an investigation of a boundary layer in a turbulent flow on the surface of a wall having a group of obstacles on the path of flow are presented with regard to the mean velocity field, velocity distribution of the two dimensional flow, wall surface shear stresses and Reynolds stresses measured in a downstream cross section where an interference of boundary layers takes place in a flow around adjacent obstacles arranged on the path of flow.
Nakamura, I.↗
The wedge hot-film anemometer in supersonic flow
A commercial wedge hot-film probe is studied to determine its heat transfer response in transonic to low supersonic flows of high unit Reynolds number. The results of this study show that its response in this flow regime differs from the response of cylindrical type sensors. Whereas the cylindrical sensor has the same sensitivity to velocity as to density for free-stream Mach numbers exceeding 1.3, the wedge probe sensitivity to velocity is always greater than its sensitivity to density over the entire flow regime. This property requires determination of three fluctuation components due to density, velocity, and temperature, in a transonic or supersonic turbulent flow. Sensitivity equations are derived based on the observed behavior of the wedge probe. Both the durability and the frequency response of the probe are excellent, the square wave insertion test indicating frequency response near 130 kHz. The directional response of the probe at sonic speed is poor and requires further examination before Reynolds stress measurements are attempted with dual sensor probes.
Seiner, J. M.↗
Research into the use of pyrolytic oxides and polymers for the fabrication of thin film high energy capacitors
Construction, capacitance and dissipation factor, and electrode materials for single layer capacitors are discussed. Basic construction, phosphosilicate glass, ten layer capacitors, twenty layer capacitors, stress measurements, buffered oxide layers, and 30 layer capacitors are also discussed. Spin-on phosphosilicate glass is addressed. Polymers as dielectric materials are also considered.
Nevin, J. H.↗
A dynamical basis for crustal deformation and seismotectonic block movements in central Europe
The stress field in the earth's crust as inferred from satellite gravity data causes crustal deformation and seismotectonic block movements in central Europe. The satellite-determined stresses in the crust of central Europe are consistent with earthquake focal mechanisms, joint-orientation and in situ stress measurements.
Liu, H.-S.↗
Finite elastic-plastic deformation of polycrystalline metals
Applying Hill's self-consistent method to finite elastic-plastic deformations, the overall moduli of polycrystalline solids are estimated. The model predicts a Bauschinger effect, hardening, and formation of vertex or corner on the yield surface for both microscopically non-hardening and hardening crystals. The changes in the instantaneous moduli with deformation are examined, and their asymptotic behavior, especially in relation to possible localization of deformations, is discussed. An interesting conclusion is that small second-order quantities, such as shape changes of grains and residual stresses (measured relative to the crystal elastic moduli), have a first-order effect on the overall response, as they lead to a loss of the overall stability by localized deformation. The predicted incipience of localization for a uniaxial deformation in two dimensions depends on the initial yield strain, but the orientation of localization is slightly less than 45 deg with respect to the tensile direction, although the numerical instability makes it very difficult to estimate this direction accurately.
Iwakuma, T.↗
Ion beam sputter deposited zinc telluride films
Zinc telluride is of interest as a potential electronic device material, particularly as one component in an amorphous superlattice, which is a new class of interesting and potentially useful materials. Some structural and electronic properties of ZnTe films deposited by argon ion beam sputter depoairion are described. Films (up to 3000 angstroms thick) were deposited from a ZnTe target. A beam energy of 1000 eV and a current density of 4 mA/sq. cm. resulted in deposition rates of approximately 70 angstroms/min. The optical band gap was found to be approximately 1.1 eV, indicating an amorphous structure, as compared to a literature value of 2.26 eV for crystalline material. Intrinsic stress measurements showed a thickness dependence, varying from tensile for thicknesses below 850 angstroms to compressive for larger thicknesses. Room temperature conductivity measurement also showed a thickness dependence, with values ranging from 1.86 x to to the -6/ohm. cm. for 300 angstrom film to 2.56 x 10 to the -1/ohm. cm. for a 2600 angstrom film. Measurement of the temperature dependence of the conductivity for these films showed complicated behavior which was thickness dependent. Thinner films showed at least two distinct temperature dependent conductivity mechanisms, as described by a Mott-type model. Thicker films showed only one principal conductivity mechanism, similar to what might be expected for a material with more crystalline character.
Gulino, D. A.↗