Lunar Orbiter photo-subsystem mechanisms
Lunar Orbiter photo subsystem mechanisms, discussing film transport, vacuum and mechanical clamps, focal plane shutter, processor-dryer and optical mechanical scan
Bradley, G.↗
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Fast opening diaphragm Patent
Magnetically opened diaphragm design with camera shutter and expansion tube applications
Bengtson, R. D.↗
A dual-beam actinic light source for photosynthesis research
Simulation of photosynthetic process in plants is accomplished by using two separate and identical optical channels that provide independently adjustable wavelengths (filters), shutter sequencing, and control intensity of illumination. In addition to experiments using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, system may be applicable to other types of research in photosynthetic field.
Margozzi, A. P.↗
Experiment S051: Daytime sodium cloud
Daytime wind velocity measurements of the upper atmosphere as function of altitude were supposed to be gathered by Gemini 12 sequential photography of rocket made sodium clouds. Evaluation of the film was indicative that all 26 photographs were overexposed during the photographic sequences. The overexposures were caused by a camera shutter locked in the open position. Therefore, useful photographic data were not obtained for analysis.
Blamont, J. E.↗
Imaging experiment - The Viking Mars Orbiter.
The general objectives of the imaging experiment on the Viking Orbiter are to aid the selection of Viking Lander sites, to map and monitor the chosen sites during lander operations, to aid in the selection of future landing sites, and to extend our knowledge of the planet. The imaging system consists of two identical vidicon cameras each attached to a 1026-mm T/8 telescope giving approximately 1-deg square field of view. From an altitude of 1500 km, the picture elements will be approximately 24 m apart. The vidicon is coupled with an image intensifier which provides increased sensitivity and permits electronic shuttering and image motion compensation. The camera differs from those previously flown to Mars by providing contiguous coverage at high resolution on a single orbital pass, by having sufficient sensitivity to use narrow band color filters at maximum resolution, and by having response in the ultraviolet.
Carr, M. H.↗
An automatic lightning detection and photographic system
Conventional 35-mm camera is activated by an electronic signal every time lightning strikes in general vicinity. Electronic circuit detects lightning by means of antenna which picks up atmospheric radio disturbances. Camera is equipped with fish-eye lense, automatic shutter advance, and small 24-hour clock to indicate time when exposures are made.
Wojtasinski, R. J.↗
Mechanical planetary compensating drive system
Drive enables two concentric output shafts to be controlled independently or rotated as a unit. Possible uses are pointing and tracking devices, rotary camera shutters with variable light control, gimbal systems with yaw and pitch movement, spectrometer mirror scanning devices, etc.
Zeiger, R. J.↗
An investigation into some problems in analytical processing of lunar orbiter photography
Problems in analytical processing of lunar orbiter photography are discussed. The effects of image motion and image motion compensation on the location of the principal point are analyzed. The effect of the focal plane shutter on the distortion and interior geometry is examined. Real data is used to confirm the workability of a mathematical model and the use of a computer to calibrate spaceborne photographic imagery.
Ghosh, S. K.↗
EOD Facilities Manual. Camera Calibration Laboratory Capabilities
The tests and equipment are described for measuring the exact performance characteristics of camera systems for earth resources, space, and other applications. The tests discussed include: modulation transfer function, field irradiance, veiling glare, T-number tests, shutter speed, spectral transmission, and focal length.
Source record↗
Prevention of damage to the science instruments of Mariner-Mars '71 spacecraft due to accidental viewing of the sun during sun-acquisition following exit from earth shadow.
It is pointed out that severe damage could result to the shutters of several science instruments if the sun were to appear in or sweep across the field of view at any time during the mission to Mars in 1971. The problem of accidental viewing of the sun following exit from the earth's shadow is probabilistic and rather difficult to resolve. The studies conducted show that typical probabilities of TV-A viewing the sun are on the order of 0.1%.
Mukhopadhyay, A. K.↗
Method of measuring the thickness of radioactive thin films
Thickness monitor consists of proportional X-ray counter coupled to pulse counting system, copper filter over face of counter, rotatable collimator containing radioactive source, and rotatable shutter. Monitor can be used as integral part of neutron generator. It has been used to measure titanium tritide film thicknesses from 0.1 to 30 micrometers.
Alger, D. L.↗
Method for determining thermo-physical properties of specimens
The square root of the product of thermophysical properties q, c and k, where p is density, c is specific heat and k is thermal conductivity, is determined directly on a test specimen such as a wind tunnel model. The test specimen and a reference specimen of known specific heat are positioned at a given distance from a heat source. The specimens are provided with a coating, such as a phase change coating, to visually indicate that a given temperature was reached. A shutter interposed between the heat source and the specimens is opened and a motion picture camera is actuated to provide a time record of the heating step. The temperature of the reference specimen is recorded as a function of time. The heat rate to which both the test and reference specimens were subjected is determined from the temperature time response of the reference specimen by the conventional thin-skin calorimeter equation.
Jones, R. A.↗
Monitoring forest land from high altitude and from space
The significant findings are reported for remote sensing of forest lands conducted during the period October 1, 1965 to December 31, 1972. Forest inventory research included the use of aircraft and space imagery for forest and nonforest land classification, and land use classification by automated procedures, multispectral scanning, and computerized mapping. Forest stress studies involved previsual detection of ponderosa pine under stress from insects and disease, bark bettle infestations in the Black Hills, and root disease impacts on forest stands. Standardization and calibration studies were made to develop a field test of an ERTS-matched four-channel spectrometer. Calibration of focal plane shutters and mathematical modeling of film characteristic curves were also studied. Documents published as a result of all forestry studies funded by NASA for the Earth Resources Survey Program from 1965 through 1972 are listed.
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Three mirror glancing incidence system for X-ray telescope
A telescope suitable for soft X-ray astronomical observations consists of a paraboloid section for receiving rays at a grazing angle and a hyperboloid section which receives reflections from the paraboloid at a grazing angle and directs them to a predetermined point of focus. A second hyperboloid section is centrally located from the other two surfaces and positioned to reflect from its outer surface radiation which was not first reflected by the paraboloid. A shutter is included to assist in calibration.
Hoover, R. B.↗
Four years of meteor spectra patrol
The development of the NASA-Langley Research Center meteor spectra patrol is described in general terms. The recording of very faint meteors was made possible by three great strides in optical and photographic technology in the 1960's: (1) the availability of optical-grade fused silica at modest cost, (2) the development of large transmission gratings with high blaze efficiency, and (3) the development of a method for avoiding plate fogging due to background skylight, which consisted of using a photoelectric meteor detector which actuates the spectrograph shutter when a meteor occurs in the field. The classification scheme for meteor spectra developed by Peter M. Millman is described.
Harvey, G. A.↗
Image reproduction with interactive graphics
Software application or development in optical image digital data processing requires a fast, good quality, yet inexpensive hard copy of processed images. To achieve this, a Cambo camera with an f 2.8/150-mm Xenotar lens in a Copal shutter having a Graflok back for 4 x 5 Polaroid type 57 pack-film has been interfaced to an existing Adage, AGT-30/Electro-Mechanical Research, EMR 6050 graphic computer system. Time-lapse photography in conjunction with a log to linear voltage transformation has resulted in an interactive system capable of producing a hard copy in 54 sec. The interactive aspect of the system lies in a Tektronix 4002 graphic computer terminal and its associated hard copy unit.
Buckner, J. D.↗
Evaluation of S190A radiometric exposure test data
The S190A preflight radiometric exposure test data generated as part of preflight and system test of KM-002 Sequence 29 on flight camera S/N 002 was analyzed. The analysis was to determine camera system transmission using available data which included: (1) films exposed to a calibrated light source subject; (2) filter transmission data; (3) calibrated light source data; (4) density vs. log10 exposure curves for the films; and (5) spectral sensitometric data for the films. The procedure used is outlined, and includes the data and a transmission matrix as a function of field position for nine measured points on each station-film-filter-aperture-shutter speed combination.
Lockwood, H. E.↗
Automatic Exposure Iris Control (AEIC) for data acquisition camera
A lens design capable of operating over a total range of f/1.4 to f/11.0 with through the lens light sensing is presented along with a system which compensates for ASA film speeds as well as shutter openings. The space shuttle camera system package is designed so that it can be assembled on the existing 16 mm DAC with a minimum of alteration to the camera.
Mcatee, G. E., Jr.↗