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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

The design of the Galileo scan platform control

The design of the scan platform control for the Galileo spacecraft is described. Emphasis is given to the inertial pointing of the scan platform when the spacecraft is in the dual-spin configuration. The various methods of operation used in Galileo scan pointing are outlined. Important design considerations, such as spacecraft flexibility and the separation of the actuator and sensor by a flexible structure, are discussed. An explanation is given of the pointing requirements imposed on the scan platform control. Also given is a high level description of the relevant scan pointing algorithms. The performance of the design is demonstrated by means of a sample slew test case. The simulation program used in the test includes models of the flexibility of the stator structure, the friction in the clock and cone actuators, the gyro sensor characteristics, and the system time delays.

Chodas, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Design of the Galileo scan platform control

Design of the scan platform control for the Galileo spacecraft is presented. Emphasis is placed on the inertial pointing of the scan platform when the spacecraft is in the dual-spin configuration. The various methods of operation used for Galileo scan pointing are outlined. Major design considerations, such as spacecraft flexibility and separation of actuator and sensor by a flexible structure, are discussed. The pointing requirements imposed on the scan platform control are explained. A high-level description of the relevant scan pointing algorithms is included. The performance of the design is demonstrated by a sample slew test case.

Chodas, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1951

Supplementary Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/30-Scale Model of the Grumman XF10F-1 Airplane in the Swept-Wing Configuration with Slats Extended

A supplementary investigation has been conducted in the Langley 20-foot free-spinning tunnel of a 1/30 -scale model of the Grumman XFlOF-1 airplane to determine what effect full-span slats would have on the spin-recovery characteristics of the swept-wing version of the XFlOF-1 airplane, which had previously been indicated as possessing undesirable spin-recovery characteristics without slats. The effects of extended nose-wheel doors and of fairing the air-duct inlets were also determined. The results indicated that, with slats fully extended, satisfactory recovery could be obtained by rudder reversal provided it was accompanied by movement of the trimmer ailerons to full with the spin (only up-going spoiler operative), Extension of the nose-wheel doors or fairing of the air-duct inlets did not improve the recovery characteristics.

Berman, Theodore↗
DOE OSTI2025

Nanoscale Tracking of the High-Temperature Spin-State Transition in LaCoO 3

The high-temperature spin and electronic transitions in LaCoO 3 have recently been leveraged to create neuromorphic (brain-inspired) devices. While these devices have shown the potential for impactful functionality in next-generation computing systems, the nanoscale dynamics of the spin and electronic transitions that underlie their operation are not well understood. Inhomogeneities related to interfaces, electrode contacts, strain, and crystal defects can all affect device performance, making nanoscale characterization of the transitions essential for producing consistent and reliable devices. Here, we demonstrate the first nanoscale in situ measurement of the spin transition in LaCoO 3 at device-relevant temperatures (25–325 °C) over length scales of tens of nanometers using STEM-EELS. This measurement is enabled by an Al 2 O 3 coating, which prevents unwanted reduction of the LaCoO 3 specimen at high temperature and vacuum. The detailed understanding of LaCoO 3 transition dynamics enabled by such measurements will be crucial for optimizing LaCoO 3 -based neuromorphic devices and increasing reliability for real-world application.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2021

Causality, unitarity and symmetry in effective field theory

Sum rules in effective field theories, predicated upon causality, place restrictions on scattering amplitudes mediated by effective contact interactions. Through unitarity of the S -matrix, these imply that the size of higher dimensional corrections to transition amplitudes between different states is bounded by the strength of their contributions to elastic forward scattering processes. This places fundamental limits on the extent to which hypothetical symmetries can be broken by effective interactions. All analysis is for dimension 8 operators in the forward limit. Included is a thorough derivation of all positivity bounds for a chiral fermion in SU(2) and SU(3) global symmetry representations resembling those of the Standard Model, general bounds on flavour violation, new bounds for interactions between particles of different spin, inclusion of loops of dimension 6 operators and illustration of the resulting strengthening of positivity bounds over tree-level expectations, a catalogue of supersymmetric effective interactions up to mass dimension 8 and 4 legs and the demonstration that supersymmetry unifies the positivity theorems as well as the new bounds.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2021

Effective field theory analysis of the first LUX dark matter search

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter search was a 250-kg active mass dual-phase time projection chamber that operated by detecting light and ionization signals from particles incident on a xenon target. In December 2015, LUX reported a minimum 90% upper C.L. of 6 x 10 -46 cm 2 on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering cross section based on a 1.4 x 10 4 kg ∙ day exposure in its first science run. Tension between experiments and the absence of a definitive positive detection suggest it would be prudent to search for WIMPs outside the standard spin-independent/spin-dependent paradigm. Recent theoretical work has identified a complete basis of 14 independent effective field theory (EFT) operators to describe WIMP-nucleon interactions. In addition to spin-independent and spin-dependent nuclear responses, these operators can produce novel responses such as angular-momentum-dependent and spin-orbit couplings. Here we report on a search for all 14 of these EFT couplings with data from LUX's first science run. Limits are placed on each coupling as a function of WIMP mass.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Chiral spin liquid and quantum phase transition in the triangular-lattice Hofstadter-Hubbard model

Recent advances in moiré engineering motivate the study of lattice models of strongly correlated electrons subjected to substantial orbital magnetic flux. We analyze the triangular-lattice Hofstadter-Hubbard model at one-quarter flux quantum per plaquette and a density of one electron per site, where a chiral spin liquid phase may exist between weak-coupling integer quantum Hall and strong-coupling 120° antiferromagnetic phases. Here, we use matrix product state methods and analytical arguments to investigate this model compactified to cylinders of finite circumference. We uncover a glide particle-hole symmetry operation which, we argue, is spontaneously broken at the quantum Hall to spin liquid transition on odd-circumference cylinders. We numerically verify the spontaneous symmetry breaking and further demonstrate that this transition is associated with algebraic long-range correlations of various spin-singlet, charge-neutral operators. For even-circumference cylinders, the transition becomes a crossover associated with a large correlation length that grows substantially with circumference. Our findings suggest that in the two-dimensional limit, the transition to a chiral spin liquid phase is continuous and features critical fluctuations of the current.

Divic, Stefan [University of Pennsylvania, Philade↗
DOE OSTI2026

Subterahertz Spin Relaxation Dynamics of Boron-Vacancy Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Quantum sensors based on spin defects have become powerful tools for detecting faint magnetic signals, yet their operation remains confined to low magnetic fields and gigahertz frequencies. Extending such sensors into high-field (>0.3 T) and subterahertz regimes would enable quantum metrology across a wide range of electromagnetic phenomena and scientific applications, but has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that negatively charged boron vacancies ($V^−_B$) in hexagonal boron nitride can function as relaxation-based quantum sensors operating up to 0.2 terahertz and 7 T fields. Their uniform spin-orientation and persistent spin-contrast at high fields enable measurement of intrinsic spin relaxation across unexplored field regimes. We reveal a crossover in relaxation behavior, initially decreasing at low fields before rising at higher fields, consistent with the emergence of single-phonon-induced resonant noise at subterahertz frequencies. These results establish $V^−_B$ centers as a versatile platform for quantum sensing in the subterahertz, high-field regime.

boron-vacancies↗
NASA NTRS2011

A Globally Stable Lyapunov Pointing and Rate Controller for the Magnetospheric MultiScale Mission (MMS)

The Magnetospheric MultiScale Mission (MMS) is scheduled to launch in late 2014. Its primary goal is to discover the fundamental plasma physics processes of reconnection in the Earth's magnetosphere. Each of the four MMS spacecraft is spin-stabilized at a nominal rate of 3 RPM. Traditional spin-stabilized spacecraft have used a number of separate modes to control nutation, spin rate, and precession. To reduce the number of modes and simplify operations, the Delta-H control mode is designed to accomplish nutation control, spin rate control, and precession control simultaneously. A nonlinear design technique, Lyapunov's method, is used to design the Delta-H control mode. A global spin rate controller selected as the baseline controller for MMS, proved to be insufficient due to an ambiguity in the attitude. Lyapunov's design method was used to solve this ambiguity, resulting in a controller that meets the design goals. Simulation results show the advantage of the pointing and rate controller for maneuvers larger than 90 deg and provide insight into the performance of this controller.

Shah, Neerav↗
DOE OSTI2020

Fermionic Finite-Group Gauge Theories and Interacting Symmetric/Crystalline Orders via Cobordisms

We formulate a family of spin Topological Quantum Field Theories (spin-TQFTs) as fermionic generalization of bosonic Dijkgraaf–Witten TQFTs. They are obtained by gauging G-equivariant invertible spin-TQFTs, or, in physics language, gauging the interacting fermionic Symmetry Protected Topological states (SPTs) with a finite group G symmetry. We use the fact that the torsion part of the classification is given by Pontryagin duals to spin-bordism groups of the classifying space BG. We also consider unoriented analogues, that is G-equivariant invertible pin ± -TQFTs (fermionic time-reversal-SPTs) and their gauging. We compute these groups for various examples of abelian G using Adams spectral sequence and describe all corresponding TQFTs via certain bordism invariants in 3, 4 and other dimensions. This gives explicit formulas for the partition functions of spin-TQFTs on closed manifolds with possible extended operators inserted. The results also provide explicit classification of ’t Hooft anomalies of fermionic QFTs with finite abelian group symmetries in one dimension lower. We construct new anomalous boundary spin-TQFTs (surface fermionic topological orders). Finally, we explore SPT and symmetry enriched topologically (SET) ordered states, and crystalline SPTs protected by space-group (e.g. translation Z) or point-group (e.g. reflection, inversion or rotation C m ) symmetries, via the layer-stacking construction.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2021

Dynamical properties of a driven dissipative dimerized $S$ =1/2 chain

We consider the dynamical properties of a gapped quantum spin system coupled to the electric field of a laser, which drives the resonant excitation of specific phonon modes that modulate the magnetic interactions. Here, we deduce the quantum master equations governing the time-evolution of both the lattice and spin sectors, by developing a Lindblad formalism with bath operators providing an explicit description of their respective phonon-mediated damping terms. We investigate the nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) of the spin system established by a continuous driving, delineating parameter regimes in driving frequency, damping, and spin-phonon coupling for the establishment of physically meaningful NESS and their related nontrivial properties. Focusing on the regime of generic weak spin-phonon coupling, we characterize the NESS by their frequency and wave-vector content, explore their transient and relaxation behavior, and discuss the energy flow, the system temperature, and the critical role of the type of bath adopted. Our study lays a foundation for the quantitative modeling of experiments currently being designed to control coherent many-body spin states in quantum magnetic materials.

1-dimensional spin chains↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simultaneous enhancement of tritium burn efficiency and fusion power with low-tritium spin-polarized fuel

This study demonstrates that using spin-polarized deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel with more deuterium than tritium can increase tritium burn efficiency (TBE) by at least an order of magnitude without compromising fusion power output, compared to unpolarized fuel. Although previous studies show that a low tritium fraction can enhance TBE, this strategy resulted in reduced fusion power density. The surprising improvement in TBE at fixed power reported here is due to the TBE increasing nonlinearly with decreasing tritium fraction but the fusion power density increasing roughly linearly with D-T cross section. A study is performed for an ARC-like tokamak producing 481 MW of fusion power with unpolarized 53:47 D-T fuel, finding the minimum startup tritium inventory (I startup,min ) is 0.69 kg. By spin-polarizing half of the fuel and using a 60:40 D-T mix, I startup,min is reduced to 0.08 kg, and fully spin-polarizing the fuel with a 63:37 D-T mix further reduces I startup,min to 0.03 kg. Some ARC-like scenarios are predicted to achieve plasma ignition with relatively modest spin polarization. These findings indicate that, with advancements in helium divertor pumping efficiency, TBE values of approximately 10%–40% could be achieved using low-tritium-fraction and spin-polarized fuel with minimal power loss. This would dramatically lower tritium startup inventory requirements and reduce the amount of on-site tritium. More generally than just for spin-polarized fuels, increased plasma performance can be used to increase TBE. This strongly motivates the development of spin-polarized fuels and low-tritium-fraction operation for burning plasmas.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2020

A modular apparatus for use in high-precision measurements of parity violation in polarized eV neutron transmission

We describe a modular apparatus for use in parity-violation measurements in epithermal neutron–nucleus resonances with high instantaneous neutron fluxes at the Manuel Lujan Jr. Neutron Scattering Center at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This apparatus is designed to conduct high-precision measurements of the parity-odd transmission asymmetry of longitudinally polarized neutrons through targets containing nuclei with p-wave neutron–nucleus resonances in the 0.1–10 eV energy regime and to accommodate a future search for time reversal violation in polarized neutron transmission through polarized nuclear targets. The apparatus consists of an adjustable neutron and gamma collimation system, a 3 He- 4 He ion chamber neutron flux monitor, two identical cryostats for target cooling, an adiabatic eV-neutron spin flipper, a near-unit efficiency 6 Li- 7 Li scintillation detector operated in current mode, a flexible CAEN data acquisition system, and a neutron spin filter based on spin-exchange optical pumping of 3 He gas. We describe the features of the apparatus design devoted to the suppression of systematic errors in parity-odd asymmetry measurements. We describe the configuration of the apparatus used to conduct a precision measurement of parity violation at the 0.7 eV p-wave resonance in 139 La which employs two identical 139 La targets, one to polarize the beam on the p-wave resonance using the weak interaction and one to analyze the polarization.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Experimental Investigation of Fuel Staging Effect on Modal Dynamics of Thermoacoustic Azimuthal Instabilities in a Multi-Nozzle Can Combustor

Abstract This paper analyzes the dynamics of unstable azimuthal thermoacoustic modes in a lean premixed combustor. Azimuthal modes can be decomposed into two counter rotating waves where they can either compete and potentially suppress one of them (spinning) or coexist (standing), depending on the operating conditions. This paper describes experimental results of the dynamical behaviors of these two waves. The experimental data were taken at different mass flow rates as well as different azimuthal fuel staging in a multi-nozzle can combustor. It is shown that at a low flow rate with uniform fuel distribution, the two waves have similar amplitudes, giving rise to a standing wave. However, the two amplitudes are slowly oscillating out of phase to each other, and the phase difference between the two waves also shows oscillatory behavior. For an intermediate flow rate, the dynamics show intermittency between standing and spinning waves, indicating that the system is bistable. In addition, the phase difference dramatically shifts when the mode switches between standing and spinning waves. For a high flow rate, the system stabilizes at a spinning wave most of the time. These experimental observations demonstrate that not only the amplitudes of two waves but also the phase difference plays an important role in the dynamics of azimuthal mode. For non-uniform azimuthal fuel staging, the modal dynamics exhibit only an oscillatory standing wave behavior regardless of the mass flow rate. Compared to the uniform fuel staging, however, the pressure magnitude is considerably reduced, which provides a potential strategy to mitigate and/or suppress the instabilities.

Kim, J.↗
DOE OSTI2025

A high-resolution molecular spin-photon interface at telecommunication wavelengths

Optically addressable electronic spins in polyatomic molecules are a promising platform for quantum information science, with the potential to enable scalable qubit design and integration through atomistic tunability and nanoscale localization. However, optical state- and site-selection are an open challenge. Here, in this work, we introduce an organo-erbium spin qubit in which narrow (megahertz-scale) optical and spin transitions couple to provide high-resolution access to spin degrees of freedom with telecommunication-frequency light. This spin-photon interface enables demonstration of optical spin polarization and readout that distinguishes between spin states and magnetically inequivalent sites in a molecular crystal. Operation at frequencies compatible with mature photonic and microwave devices provides an opportunity for engineering scalable, integrated molecular spin-optical quantum technologies.

Weiss, Leah R. [University of Chicago, IL (United ↗
NASA NTRS2008

Modeling the Spin Motor Current of the International Space Station's Control Moment Gyroscopes

The International Space Station (ISS) attitude control is provided by two means: The Russian Segment uses thrusters and the U.S. Segment uses double-gimbaled control moment gyroscopes (CMG). CMGs are used as momentum exchange devices, providing non propulsive attitude control for the vehicle. The CMGs are very important for the ISS program because, first, they save propellant - which needs to be transferred to the Station in special cargo vehicles - and, second, they provide the microgravity environment on the Station - which is necessary for scientific experiments planned for the ISS mission. Since 2002, when one of the CMG on the ISS failed, all CMGs are closely monitored. High gimbal rates, vibration spikes, unusual variations of spin motor current and bearing temperatures are of great concern, since these parameters are the CMG health indicators. The telemetry analysis of these and some other CMG parameters is used to determine constrains and make changes to the CMGs operation on board. These CMG limitations, in turn, may limit the ISS attitude control capabilities and may be critical to ISS operation. Therefore, it is important to know whether the CMG parameter is nominal or out of family, and why. The goal of this project is to analyze an important CMG parameter - spin motor current. Some operational decisions are made now based on the spin motor current signatures. The spin motor current depends on gimbal rates, ISS rates, and spin bearing friction. The spin bearing friction in turn depends on the bearing temperatures, wheel rates, normal load - which is a function of gimbal and wheel rates - lubrication, etc. The first task of this project is to create a spin motor current mathematical model based on CMG dynamics model and the current knowledge on bearing friction in microgravity.

Pereira, Miguel A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

The value of concentrating solar power in ancillary services markets

Ancillary services, such as spinning reserves, can provide grid reliability and contribute to profitability of an energy resource. We exercise an existing dispatch optimization model to estimate the profitability of a concentrating solar power plant by incorporating the sale of spinning reserves in the ancillary service market using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's System Advisor Model to simulate operations within a 72-h rolling horizon framework. Assuming a price-taker approach with day-ahead energy and spinning reserve prices from both the California Independent System Operator and the Electricity Reliability Council of Texas, we find that selling spinning reserves in addition to electric energy increases plant profitability by up to 7% with perfect knowledge of day-ahead pricing and solar resource availability. Here, this finding suggests that spinning reserve markets provide significant value streams to concentrating solar power plants that can leverage thermal energy storage to offer reliable production in the short-to-medium term.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2021

HIGH VOLTAGE DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF WIEN FILTERS FOR THE CEBAF 200 keV INJECTOR UPGRADE

High-energy nuclear physics experiments at the Jefferson Lab Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) require highly spin-polarization electron beams, produced from strained super-lattice GaAs photocathodes, activated to negative electron affinity in a photogun operating at 130 kV dc. A pair of Wien filter spin rotators in the injector defines the orientation of the electron beam polarization at the end station target. An upgrade of the CEBAF injector to better support the upcoming MOLLER experiment requires increasing the electron beam energy to 200 keV, to reduce unwanted helicity correlated intensity and position systematics and provide precise control of the polarization orientation. Our contribution describes design, fabrication and testing of the high voltage system to upgrade the Wien spin rotator to be compatible with the 200 keV beam. This required Solidworks modeling, CST and Opera electro- and magnetostatic simulations, upgrading HV vacuum feedthroughs, and assembly techniques for improving electrode alignment. The electric and magnetic fields required by the Wien condition and the successful HV characterization under vacuum conditions are also presented.

Palacios-Serrano, G.↗