Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Technology packages”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Toward ultrafast, ultra-stable imaging arrays: Superlattice doping to enhance the performance of backside-illuminated 3D-hybridized silicon photodetectors

In this paper, the authors report the latest results on their development of superlattice-doped, thinned, backside-illuminated (BSI), 3D-integrated photodiode detectors—a step toward their ultimate goal of demonstrating ultrafast, ultrastable CMOS imaging arrays. As with most silicon-based photodetectors, backside-illumination and backside surface passivation are keys to achieve the highest performance capability. The two-dimensional (2D) doping technique developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has proved to result in a highly efficient, highly stable detector response when combined with a variety of detectors. Here, JPL's 2D-doping has been combined with Sandia's BSI photodetectors hybridized with custom fanout wafer via copper Direct Bond Interconnect (DBI®), a technology that is rapidly becoming industry standard for BSI CMOS imaging arrays. The prototype detectors were packaged and evaluated with respect to their response to low energy electrons. The authors find that the responsivity of 2D-doped BSI detectors is higher than devices prepared using other surface passivation techniques (i.e., ion implantation). The success of the work described herein verifies that the 2D-doping processes previously developed for Sandia's frontside-illuminated photodetectors are generally applicable to BSI detectors and demonstrates for the first time that JPL's 2D-doping process is compatible with the Cu-DBI® technology.

Jewell, April D.↗
DOE OSTI2026

GeneratorSE.jl

SAND2026-22941O GeneratorSE.jl is a Julia software package for analytical sizing of variable-speed wind turbine generators. It translates and maintains generator sizing methods from the NREL WISDEM GeneratorSE framework in a Julia package form. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Michelen Strofer, Carlos [Sandia National Lab. (SN↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Ceramic Membranes/Modules for Ultra Efficient Hydrogen (H2) Production/Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture for Coal-Based Polygeneration Plants: Fabrication, Testing, and CFD Modeling

Inorganic membrane-based systems are a promising technology for precombustion CO2 capture with simultaneous H2 production. State-of-the-art packages for high temperature and pressure service consist of multiple tube membrane bundles prepared in a "candle filter" configuration, in which the membrane tubes are open at one end and sealed at the other. This configuration is used for practical reasons, specifically the need to minimize problems due to thermal expansion mismatch between the ceramic tube bundle and the steel housing. However, the primary technical problem with the candle filter format for commercial-scale installations is the inability to purge the tube side (typically the permeate side), a feature that is crucial for high H2 recovery. In this study, the focus is to design and fabricate the first dual-end open full ceramic multiple tube membrane bundle that enables tube side (permeate) purge for gas separation applications. An additional key feature of this design is the simplified module layout, as the membrane bundles can be installed end-to-end with tube side (permeate) flow directly from one bundle to the next. This layout simplifies the membrane to housing seals and yields significant improvement in membrane packing density. Detailed focus areas in our studies include: (i) Materials development and preparation of the tube-to-tube sheet potting for the dual-ended bundle; (ii) the sealing and optimal module configuration design to minimize membrane stress upon module mounting; (iii) the demonstration, via the fabrication of CMS and Pd-alloy membranes supported on full-size, dual-ended ceramic support bundles, of the first example of a purgeable ceramic membrane and module; and (iv) development of a CFD model of the membrane module for calculation of feed flow distribution, and for use in scale-up, and capital cost estimating. The CFD model was validated using experimental data with the multi-tubular membrane system, employing He/N2 as a model gas mixture (surrogate for H2/CO2), and has been shown to be quite accurate. Employing the model, we are able to study the effects of operating pressure and temperature, feed and sweep gas flow rates, and the choice of membrane tube configuration on system performance.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Advanced Ceramic Membranes/Modules for Ultra Efficient Hydrogen (H2) Production/Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture for Coal-Based Polygeneration Plants: Fabrication, Testing and CFD Modeling

Inorganic membrane-based systems are a promising technology for precombustion CO2 capture with simultaneous H2 production. State-of-the-art packages for high temperature and pressure service consist of multiple tube membrane bundles prepared in a "candle filter" configuration, in which the membrane tubes are open at one end and sealed at the other. This configuration is used for practical reasons, specifically the need to minimize problems due to thermal expansion mismatch between the ceramic tube bundle and the steel housing. However, the primary technical problem with the candle filter format for commercial-scale installations is the inability to purge the tube side (typically the permeate side), a feature that is crucial for high H2 recovery. In this study, the focus is to design and fabricate the first dual-end open full ceramic multiple tube membrane bundle that enables tube side (permeate) purge for gas separation applications. An additional key feature of this design is the simplified module layout, as the membrane bundles can be installed end-to-end with tube side (permeate) flow directly from one bundle to the next. This layout simplifies the membrane to housing seals and yields significant improvement in membrane packing density. Detailed focus areas in our studies include: (i) Materials development and preparation of the tube-to-tube sheet potting for the dual-ended bundle; (ii) the sealing and optimal module configuration design to minimize membrane stress upon module mounting; (iii) the demonstration, via the fabrication of CMS and Pd-alloy membranes supported on full-size, dual-ended ceramic support bundles, of the first example of a purgeable ceramic membrane and module; and (iv) development of a CFD model of the membrane module for calculation of feed flow distribution, and for use in scale-up, and capital cost estimating. The CFD model was validated using experimental data with the multi-tubular membrane system, employing He/N2 as a model gas mixture (surrogate for H2/CO2), and has been shown to be quite accurate. Employing the model, we are able to study the effects of operating pressure and temperature, feed and sweep gas flow rates, and the choice of membrane tube configuration on system performance.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2025

MethodOpt: a Shiny-based graphical user interface for multivariate optimization of sampling and analytical instrumentation

Method optimization is an important step in producing useful data in various experimental settings involving the use of sampling and analytical instrumentation, such as gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry or other analytical techniques. However, traditional optimization techniques often lack the sophistication of more modern optimization techniques developed in areas of applied mathematics. A graphical user interface has been developed that implements a multivariate, multi-objective optimization technique for spectra-generating sampling and analytical instrumentation, which saves substantial time and resources compared to the more traditional approaches to method development.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2025

DISSOLUTION OF SURROGATE U-Zr FUEL USING ALNIFLEX CONDITIONS

Non-aluminum clad spent nuclear fuel (NASNF) stored in L Basin at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is widely varied in fuel composition, design, packaging, and physical condition. The complexity of the NASNF inventory presents significant challenges, and technology development is necessary for successful disposition. One such fuel in the inventory is metallic uranium-zirconium (U-Zr) alloy fuel, the focus of this study. Electrolytic or nitric acid only dissolution of metallic U-Zr alloy can form insoluble zirconium oxide, which results in up to 52% loss of U to insoluble solids, and can be subject to potentially uncontrolled oxidation reactions [1, 2]. The AlNiflex process was determined to be a viable dissolution flowsheet for the U-Zr alloy fuel. Under a narrow set of solution concentrations, a combination of hydrofluoric acid (HF), nitric acid (HNO3), aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3), and hexavalent chromium can safely dissolve U-Zr intermetallic alloys, keep Zr soluble, and not significantly corrode stainless steel (SS) vessels [3, 4.

Gogolski, Jarrod M. [Savannah River National Labor↗
DOE OSTI2021

Low Carbon Technology Strategies: Midrise Apartment

This document includes steps that building owners and operators can implement to achieve smart, healthy, and low-carbon midrise apartment buildings within their existing building portfolios. Midrise apartments may use packaged rooftop units for heating, cooling, and ventilation or central plant systems for larger buildings.

analytics↗
DOE OSTI2024

Integrated Steady-State System Package for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Analysis Using Multi-Dimensional Thermal Hydraulics and Dimensionless Turbopump Treatment

Nuclear thermal propulsion is an evolving technology that can be utilized for long-distance space travel. This technology yields the advantage of a high thrust and specific impulse, but requires an examination of the potential design adjustments necessary to enhance its feasibility. The development of nuclear thermal propulsion requires a comprehensive understanding of the system-level behavior during transient and steady-state operation. This paper extends our previous research by including the proper handling of turbomachinery with multi-channel thermal hydraulic simulations only for steady-state solutions. The system-level approach presented here enables the treatment of the turbopump components through non-dimensional analysis that eliminates the assumption of constant efficiencies. All the other components within the system (e.g., reflector and core) can be discretized to multiple channels and layers, in which the full thermal hydraulic solution is established. The approach chosen here enables the realistic modeling of the propellant flow within the expander cycle by capturing the pressure losses, mass flow rate splits, and enthalpy gain for various operational conditions. The verification of the package is completed through point comparisons of previous investigations into similar system designs. Furthermore, sensitivity studies are used to benchmark the capabilities of the package and investigate solution variations due to the perturbation of operational conditions and regimes. The sensitivity studies performed here are important to capture variation in flow characteristics (e.g., temperature, pressure, mass flow rates) for different design objectives such as the thrust and specific impulse. This work demonstrates that system-level simulations lacking multi-channel capability and proper turbomachinery treatment may yield higher uncertainties in understanding the engine’s response and characteristics to changing various requirements. This is extremely important when screening the design space of such propulsion systems and when transient simulations are required.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Low Carbon Technology Strategies: Secondary School

This document includes steps that building owners and operators can implement to achieve smart, healthy, and low-carbon secondary schools within their existing building portfolios. Secondary schools often include complex heating and cooling systems or packaged rooftop units and can include specialty equipment for gymnasiums, pools, and buses.

analytics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sustainable bioplastics derived from renewable natural resources for food packaging

Food packaging is one of the leading sectors for the end use of plastics. Bioplastic is produced from natural renewable resources such as crops, wood pulp, and herbaceous fibers. This article summarizes the rational design of bioplastics from natural resources for food packaging. The bioplastic properties considered include thermal properties, mechanical performance, oxygen/moisture resistance, and biodegradability. Bioplastic degradability and technologies for handling bioplastic waste are discussed. Various aspects of the sustainability of bioplastics (e.g., environmental profile, techno-economic analysis, and societal impact) are investigated. The main challenges of bioplastic application, such as low fracture strain and inferior barrier properties, are discussed. Mitigation approaches to overcome the mechanical properties of bioplastics, such as adding plasticizers, are also discussed. Bioplastic can have properties comparable with fossil-based plastics. In conclusion, bioplastic can be an alternative to conventional plastic in most applications of food packaging, which can reduce the carbon footprint and environmental impact because of its biodegradability.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2022

A System Approach to Deep Heating Savings Through Measurement, Management, and Motivation

Across multi-tenant commercial office and multifamily buildings, centrally metered fuel use represents a substantial fraction of whole-building energy use. Energy audit practitioners understand that improving heating distribution efficiency is typically more of an opportunity than combustion efficiency and that differing thermal comfort preferences between tenants are the bane of operators across these building typologies. There is an unmet market need for retrofit technologies that allow for the delivery of the right amount of heat to the right spaces, at the right time. The Energy Management and Information System (EMIS) package fills this gap through enhanced controls and metering, incorporating low-cost sensors and wireless communication infrastructure to provide a platform for ongoing commissioning and tenant feedback, including heat cost allocation. With support from the US DOE Building Technologies Office, Steven Winter Associates, Inc. (SWA) partnered with Sentient Buildings, E Source, building owners, and utility and policy stakeholders, to demonstrate a market viable EMIS that achieves a reduction in space heating energy use by reducing heating load, improving control, and positively impacting behavior while providing an acceptable financial return. In this study, EMIS packages were implemented in two New York City multifamily rental buildings. Both buildings conducted basic mechanical work (e.g., repairing steam traps) to ensure the heating system was operating well before any tenant feedback was layered in. Heating Energy Use Reports (HEUR) were created to provide tenants with social comparisons and energy savings tips to influence their behavior; these were provided monthly to all tenants in both buildings. Additionally, one building allocated heating costs to a portion of the tenants. Heat cost allocation (HCA) has a long history in the European Union (EU), although it is not common in the US or in steam-heated buildings. SWA leveraged existing EU best practices and stakeholder feedback to develop a Heat Cost Allocation algorithm that was considered equitable and intuitive. Energy use and tenant behavior impacts were tracked throughout the study. The basic mechanical repair work saved between 11-20% of heating energy. Those savings rose to 17-24% with the addition of tenant feedback. While it may not be possible to precisely determine the impact of COVID-19 on research studies like this, there may have been additional savings realized had the study taken place in a period of normal occupancy patterns. These types of central heating systems have been a blind spot for utilities, who have traditionally had little visibility into detailed behind-the-meter gas usage. Heating energy savings stayed consistent during the coldest months, indicating the potential for utilities to utilize EMIS packages for peak gas demand reductions or demand response programs. Tenant comfort was also improved. Post installation, room temperatures more closely matched thermostat set points. Perhaps due to this greater level of control, the vast majority of tenants being billed for heating were accepting of the allocation costs. And tenants receiving heat cost allocations were more likely to reduce their thermostat setpoints than tenants receiving behavioral feedback without financial impacts were. Variation in building specifics makes it difficult to provide precise energy and financial savings estimates. But within the range of expected conditions, the study identified a few key variables that can have the greatest impact on financial returns: the cost of fuel, the ability and willingness to allocate heating costs to tenants, and a well-functioning heating system as a starting point. This study focused on two multifamily buildings, but additional use cases, such as commercial buildings and affordable housing, should be explored to better understand the full market potential. While this type of upgrade has the potential for deep energy reductions and cost savings, future projects should take into account the balance of costs and benefits between owners and tenants, especially in the affordable, regulated, or other low-to-moderate income (LMI) segments of the market. Rent credits, utility allowances, or a shared savings program are possible options to accelerate adoption of this strategy in these market segments.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2021

A 24-Channel Digitizer With a JESD204B-Compliant Serial Interface for High-Speed Detectors

In this report a 24-channel application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the readout of high-speed CMOS active pixel sensors for charged particle detection is presented. The chip comprises 24 preamplifiers, 24 distinct 12-bit, 25 MSPS Pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with self-calibration, an internal phase-locked loop (PLL), and a 3 Gbps serial interface that conforms to the JESD204B standard. To simplify interfacing with a variety of sensors, the ASIC also includes an automatic offset calibration loop. The high level of integration of the ASIC reduces overall system cost and area, and exploiting the signal characteristics of the image sensor allows the ADC to be optimized for reduced power dissipation. The use of an integrated serializer and an industry standard protocol simplifies integration of the ASIC into a complete camera system. The ASIC, called the High-Speed Image Preprocessor Targeted for Electron Readout, or HIPSTER, with a die area of 64.26 mm 2 , is packaged in a 480-ball grid array (BGA) and is fabricated in 180-nm CMOS technology. HIPSTER achieves typical differential nonlinearity (DNL) < 0.55 LSB, input-referred thermal noise of $114.5 μV-rms, and a bit error rate (BER) of better than 10-14. The power dissipation is 98 mW/channel.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Bulb-style Kaplan Turbine - Run-of-the-river (ror) Hydro Governor And Turbine Model

This software package includes hydro governor and turbine models developed in Simulink (Mathworks Inc.) and RSCAD (RTDS Technologies) for low-head bulb-style Kaplan turbine hydropower plants. The model developed in Simulink has been designed and tuned to match the governor-turbine response for a real-world hydropower unit owned by Idaho Falls Power (IFP). The Simulink and RSCAD models enable real-time testing in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation using OPAL-RT and RTDS digital real-time simulators, respectively. An automatic initialization for dynamic simulation has also been integrated to each model in both Simulink and RSCAD. The RSCAD initialization involves a novel python-based interfacing for automatic modification of the initial conditions in the model. The parameters of these models can be tuned to match other hydropower plants in this class.

Alam, SMShafiul↗
DOE OSTI2023

Digital Twin Development of FASTR

This work package is focused on creating a digital twin (DT) of the Facility to Alleviate Salt Technology Risks (FASTR) experiment. FASTR is a high-profile facility tasked with maturing molten salt applications such as liquid salt energy storage, concentrated solar power facilities, and molten salt cooling systems supporting other advanced reactor technologies, all of which may be incorporated as components within the Integrated Energy Systems (IES) program. As part of creating a digital twin (DT), verification and validation (V&V) has been performed for the physics-based model, and gaps have been identified. Additionally, a preliminary integration of the FASTR model has been completed with the existing physics-based model of the Thermal Energy Distribution System (TEDS)/Microreactor AGile Non-nuclear Experimental Testbed (MAGNET) facility at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). A Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) of the physics-based system model and a reduced-order model (ROM) were both used to test for a preliminary hardware in the loop operation when the physical loop was offline. Future tasks could include improving the physics-based model to better match the available experimental data, improving the hardware in the loop integration, and improving the integration with the TEDS model.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Achieving American Leadership in the Semiconductors Supply Chain Factsheet

Semiconductors are a keystone technology that are essential for the operation of every electronic device, including those that are critical to a clean energy economy. The semiconductor industry has a complex, competitive, and highly integrated international supply chain in which the United States has historically enjoyed a dominant position, but where this position has been eroding over time. In 1995, 26% of global semiconductor manufacturing capacity was located in the United States; this had decreased to 10% by 2020. Investments in key semiconductor manufacturing technologies such as high-voltage power electronics, energy-efficient conventional devices, and advanced packaging point the way to secure a strong domestic semiconductor industrial base.

Source record↗
DOE OSTI2021

INTREPID program: technology and architecture for next-generation, energy-efficient, hyper-scale data centers [Invited]

The INTREPID program is developing power-efficient coherent optics for package-level integration with future switch integrated circuits as a path to realizing higher-radix switches for flatter networks. The link architecture is underpinned by coherent quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) polarization-multiplex transceivers at 200 Gb/s per λ <#comment/> , further enhanced with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to enable energy-efficient 800 or 1600 Gb/s inter-switch fiber connections. The technology is compatible with conventional three-level data center designs as well as a two-level data center design introduced here, which includes an added layer of passive, arrayed waveguide grating routers (AWGRs) or WDM circuit switches to further improve the cost, energy efficiency, and latency of the network.

Saleh, Adel A. M. (ORCID:0000000182451136)↗
DOE OSTI2026

spammR: an R package designed for analysis and integration of spatial multi-omic measurements

Spatial omics is a young and evolving field and as such shows rapid development of novel technologies and analysis methods to measure transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and post-translational modifications at high spatial resolution. These advances in technology have enabled the simultaneous generation of abundance profiles for multiple different omics types and associated microscopy imaging data, as well as their analysis in a spatial context. However, most analytical tools are designed for spatial transcriptomics platforms and are challenging to use in other contexts such as mass spectrometry-based measurements or metagenomics. To this end we present spammR (spatial analysis of multi-omics measurements in R), an R package that enables end-to-end analysis with a specific focus on mass-spectrometry derived spatial omics datasets with (1) smaller sample sizes and spatial sparsity of samples, (2) considerable missingness, and (3) no a-priori knowledge about proteins or genes of interest, relying on a fully data-driven approach.

spammR↗
DOE OSTI2025

High Resolution Siting Suitability of Various Power Plant Technologies

Energy sector planning models determine the aggregate need for new generation, but these models are typically at the state or regional scale and are not equipped to address the wide range of location- and technology-specific issues that are increasingly a factor in power plant siting. These animations demonstrate the aggregate siting suitability of various power plant technology configurations, considering technology-specific factors that can prohibit development. The data presented is from the GRIDCERF (Geospatial Raster Input Data for Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility) data package. GRIDCERF is a harmonized, open-source geospatial product that can be used to evaluate siting suitability for renewable and non-renewable power plants in the conterminous United States. The animations presented here demonstrate a curated selection of the full suite of technology configurations available. GRIDCERF provides the necessary inputs for models that simulate power plant siting for regional capacity expansion planning such as the Capacity Expansion Regional Feasibility (CERF) model.

Mongird, Kendall [Pacific Northwest National Labor↗