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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2018

Tribal Colleges and Universities/American Indian Higher Education Consortium Advanced Manufacturing Technical Assistance Project

The National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) created a Minority Serving Institution Partnership Plan (MSIPP) to 1) align investments in a university capacity and workforce development with the NNSA mission to develop the needed skills and talent for NNSA's enduring technical workforce at the laboratories and production plants and 2) to enhance research and education at underrepresented colleges and universities. Out of this effort, MSIPP launched a new program in early FY17 focused on Tribal Colleges and Universities (I'CUs). The following report summarizes the project focus and status update during this reporting period.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Dynamics of X-pinches Powered by a Capacitor Bank

X-pinches are formed by crossing two metal wires in the shape of the letter ‘X’ between the electrodes of a pulsed power device. The plasma generated then evolves in complex ways and has been the subject of many experiments and simulations, both as a plasma object and for its use as a source of intense soft x-rays, of interest to high energy density plasma (HEDP) studies. The dynamics of the x-pinch that lead to the emission x-ray photons begin soon after this initial explosive phase, resulting in the formation of a micro z-pinch (≤ 300 µm long, ~100 µm diameter) at the crossing point. If the current is high enough, then a subsonic plasma implosion in the micro z-pinch begins, which creates a high density, high temperature plasma. These x-pinches have been typically studied at the nanosecond time scale (rise-time $τ_r ≤ 100 ns, dI/dt > 1 kA/ns$). The microsecond x-pinch ($I_p~350 kA, τ_{1/4} = 1 µs, 0.3 kA/ns$) allows a different parameter space to be studied that compliments HEDP studies in the nanosecond regime (with an attendant lower hard-radiation hazard) but it also creates plasma conditions that are interesting in their own right, with features that make it a good model for studying the hydrodynamics of astrophysical jets, for example. With high electron density and temperatures pushing close to 0.5 keV, it is relevant for high energy density studies and provides a suitable test bed for the spectroscopy of highly ionized atoms. The aim of the original proposal was to initiate a new experimental plasma research program at Florida A&M University with three main objectives: (1) To create x-pinch plasmas from different materials using a direct capacitor bank discharge and to study the dynamics of the high-density plasmas and their associated soft x-ray emission properties and potential applications. (2) Understanding the nature of the supersonic plasma jets observed in the mid-plane of the microsecond x-pinch and their relevance as a laboratory model for studying astrophysical jets. (3) To provide a research platform to support the education of under-represented undergraduate and graduate students at Florida A&M University and to provide training in high energy density laboratory plasma physics. Each of the main objectives has been met and results of the work have been published in refereed journals or presented at several scientific meetings. A number of students both undergraduate and graduate have participated in the research program in a hands-on way and have thereby acquired training in high energy density physics. The success of the work can also be measured in two PhD dissertations (one of which is still in progress). The acquisition of important research equipment and instrumentation means that the work can continue in some fashion.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2018

Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Turbulent Combustion and Emissions in Advanced Gas Turbine Combustors with High-Hydrogen-Content (HHC) Fuels (Final Report)

This Final Report documents the entire four years of the Cooperative Agreement DE-FE0011822, from October 1, 2013 through September 30, 2017, that was competitively awarded under Funding Opportunity Announcement DE-FOA-0000795 in support of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) University Turbine Systems Research (UTSR) Program. Under the UTSR Program, DOE typically issues Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) solicitations every 1-2 years so that U.S. colleges/universities may propose research & development (R&D) projects in specific technical topic areas (e.g., combustion, aerodynamics/heat transfer, advanced materials) that have been identified as both scientifically and industrially relevant to the gas turbine industry. The primary objectives of this Purdue University project (in collaboration with Princeton University through a sub-award) was to develop experimental methods, kinetic models, and numerical tools to help quantify and predict the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on NOx and CO emissions, combustion kinetics, radiation heat transfer, turbulent combustion, and combustion instabilities for natural gas and high hydrogen content (HHC) fuels by using laminar and turbulent flow reactors and gas turbine combustors operating at high temperatures and pressures. This project has obtained detailed data for improving chemical kinetic models to study EGR effects and provide insight into the effects of EGR on flame speeds and turbulent flame structure, as well as assessing the impact of EGR on emissions in a high-pressure combustion test rig. The project was divided into six primary tasks: 1) Project Management and Program Planning; 2) Flow Reactor Investigation of EGR Chemical Kinetics; 3) Combustion Bomb Investigation of EGR Effects on Flame Speed; 4) Investigation of EGR Effects on Turbulent Flame Structure in Reactor-Assisted Turbulent Slot (RATS) Burner; 5) Investigation of EGR Effects in Purdue Staged Combustion Test Rig; and 6) Development and Validation of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Tool for Gas Turbine Combustion and Emission Modeling using HHC Fuels. Details on the execution and results of each of these tasks are provided in the main report. To assist the reader, each task is described in a chapter-like format with its own separate listing of tables, figures, and references so that the results of each task/subtask (i.e., technical sections covering various experiments and modeling work focused on a specific area) can be quickly obtained while also getting an overall feel of the project execution. This chapter-like format also allows for acknowledgement of support from other programs relative to specific tasks. In this manner, the reader can more conveniently digest the R&D results in the various task/subtask sections that may be of most interest to the reader. In addition to this Final Report, the Purdue/Princeton team was able to publish 7 journal articles and provide 7 presentations at national scientific meetings/conferences to disseminate results. A listing of these journal articles and presentations is provided at the end of this report

03 NATURAL GAS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Minority Serving Institutions Partnership Program (MSIPP) - 18108

The DOE-EM recognizes that successfully completing its legacy environmental cleanup mission will require maintaining a well-trained, technically skilled, and diverse workforce. Minority representation in critical science and engineering fields is an important part of EM's vision for the future workforce. The Minority Serving Institutions Partnership Program (MSIPP) has been created and designed to increase the numbers of minorities with science and engineering experience in areas important to the success of the DOE-EM mission. MSIPP will provide financial assistance for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) activities at Minority Serving Institutions (MSI) engaged in research and related STEM efforts supporting EM's needs. The program offers research internship opportunities at DOE National Laboratories across the DOE complex. MSIPP also encourages research collaborations between MSI Universities and DOE National Laboratories by funding research in areas relevant to DOE-EM needs. Based on current DOE-EM missions, there are two research focus areas: Tank Waste and Site Restoration. Tank Waste includes priority areas of current DOE tank waste and waste processing approaches, alternative DOE tank waste processing options, and tank management and closure. Site Restoration research concentrates in the areas of Soil and Groundwater with priority areas of attenuation-based remedies for the subsurface, deep vadose zone, remediation of mercury and industrial contaminants, and advanced simulation capability for environmental management; and, in the areas of Deactivation and Decommissioning, with priority areas of unique sensor networks for remote monitoring of entombed facilities and tanks, interactions between radiological and chemical contaminants of concern to DOE and facility materials, incombustible fixatives and decontamination agents, acceptability of DeconGel and various contaminant mixtures and robotics, remote systems with plug-and-play interchangeable components, and models for facility decommissioning. This paper gives an overview of the opportunities available to MSI students and universities and outlines the progress this program has made since its inception, and the path forward to further enhance efforts to create a pipeline into the DOE-EM workforce. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2024

Isotope Production Education and Research via a Systematic Study of Photo-nuclear Reaction Yields and Excitation Functions

A new collaboration between the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Idaho State University, and Idaho National Laboratory builds the domestic workforce in isotope production and related science and technologies by conducting research and education programs related to photo-nuclear reactions. Workforce development was identified by the Department of Energy’s Office of Science in the Reaching a New Energy Sciences Workforce (RENEW) program that seeks to engage underrepresented university students in isotope production activities. This collaboration includes coursework development, student training, and isotope production research utilizing photo-nuclear reactions at electron linear accelerators. Bremsstrahlung-weighted excitation functions and cross-sections will be measured and the use of nanomaterials to exploit kinematic recoil reactions will be investigated. Students will be hosted at the Idaho National Laboratory where mentors will provide opportunities to explore careers in nuclear science and technology. This presentation regards the ongoing progress of the research and education objectives of the collaboration that was performed under the Office of Science Isotopes Program under award number D000-22-2765.

07 ISOTOPE AND RADIATION SOURCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

LANL's Waste Management Transportation Program [Slides]

Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has developed a safe, compliant, and cost-effective transportation program that moves over 5,000 m3 of regulated waste off site each fiscal year. This program handles all waste types including universal waste, New Mexico Special Waste, TSCA and RCRA wastes, low level and mixed low-level wastes, and TRU and MTRU wastes. This program allows for the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes while maintaining the protection of people, facilities, and the environment This program provides critical support to a wide variety of missions across the laboratory site.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2025

A Microreactor Program Plan for The Department of Energy

The DOE Microreactor Program was established in FY 2019 to support research and development (R&D) of technologies related to the development, demonstration, and deployment of low-power, transportable reactors to provide power and heat for decentralized generation in civilian, industrial, and defense energy sectors. The program conducts both fundamental and applied R&D to de-risk technology performance and manufacturability readiness of microreactors. R&D projects and work packages are selected to support concept-neutral technology maturation. The intent is to ensure those concepts can be licensed and deployed by commercial entities to meet specific use case requirements. At the same time, the program will also support R&D specific to certain reactor technology groups (e.g., heat pipe reactors and gas-cooled reactors) to ensure relevancy and address the technology needs of commercial developers. The program will ensure coordination of work and activities across participating laboratories and universities, establish, and manage stakeholder interactions, and support program meetings. These stakeholders include, but are not limited to, industry developers, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of Energy, policymakers, and end users. This document provides an overview of the overall Microreactor Program, including its vision, key technical objectives, and scope of the current and proposed R&D portfolio. It covers a 5-year rolling currently from Fiscal year 2025 through Fiscal year 2030. This document will be revised at least biennially to reflect changing priorities.

99 - GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Predictive Science ASC Alliance Program (PSAAP) II: 2018 Review of the Carbon Capture Multidisciplinary Science Center (CCMSC) at the University of Utah

The review team convened at the University of Utah March 7-8, 2018, to review the Carbon Capture Multidisciplinary Science Center (CCMSC) funded by the 2 nd Predictive Science ASC Alliance Program (PSAAP II). Center leadership and researchers made very clear and informative presentations, accurately portraying their work and successes while candidly discussing their concerns and known areas in need of improvement.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Improving the Discovery Power of the Dark Energy Survey Gravitational Wave Program in Its Fourth Observing Campaign

The universe is growing at an accelerated rate, yet the several experiments and science cases used to measure this property yield conflicting results for the rate. Known colloquially as the Hubble tension problem, this discrepancy calls for a novel measurement of the Hubble Constant, H0, in order to be resolved. The Dark Energy Survey Gravitational Wave group (DESGW) aims to relieve this tension by performing a standard sirens measurement of H0 independent of traditional methods. To do so in the current era of data abundance and limited telescope time demands a robust, optimized, and complete science software pipeline to carefully balance the transition from gravitational wave data to state-of-the-art images, images to photometric data, and photometric data to identification and analysis of electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave signals. This thesis details the contributions of the author to the DESGW Search & Discovery Pipeline for the fourth observing run of the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA gravitational wave detector network, as well as the science applications that have been pursued.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Safety Analysis of the Mo-99 Production Upgrade to the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) with Highly-Enriched and Low-Enriched Uranium Fuel

The University of Missouri has been working in conjunction with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) in the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Material Management and Minimization (M3) Reactor Conversion Program to support conversion of the University of Missouri- Columbia Research Reactor (MURR®) from highly enriched uranium (HEU) to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. MURR is one of five U.S. High Performance Research Reactors (USHPRR) plus a critical facility that plans to convert to the use of LEU fuel. The purpose of this report is to document the safety margins for both HEU and LEU cores with the Mo-99 production upgrade proposed, designated as the 2017-RBM-99 device in this report. In addition to the 2017-RBM-99 device, the neutronics models also include descriptions of the experimental facilities and experiment loading that are currently typical for MURR and which are different from the experiments that were modeled in the analysis performed for the PSAR. Lastly, there have been changes to the LEU fuel element design with regard to the coolant channel thickness tolerances for the innermost and outermost coolant channels based on feedback from the fuel fabricator. This design change did not change the nominal dimensions of the coolant channels/fuel plates or fuel loading of the fuel plates in the element. Thus, for the purpose of the neutronics analysis for the 2017-RBM-99 upgrade, which is based on nominal dimensions and fuel loadings, the components of the LEU element are modeled the same as in the PSAR analysis. However, the design tolerance changes were incorporated in the calculations of the steady-state safety margins for both HEU and LEU. While the use of fewer significant figures has simplified fabrication, yet there were no negative impacts, including on safety margins, since the end channels were not limiting locations.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2018

Peptoid Backbone Flexibilility Dictates Its Interaction with Water and Surfaces: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation

Peptoids are peptide-mimetic biopolymers that are easy-to-synthesize and adaptable for use in drugs, chemical scaffolds, and coatings. However, there is insufficient information about their structural preferences and interactions with the environment in various applications. We conducted a study to understand the fundamental differences between peptides and peptoids using molecular dynamics simulations with semi-empirical (PM6) and empirical (AMBER) potentials, in conjunction with metadynamics enhanced sampling. From studies of single molecules in water and on surfaces, we found that sarcosine (model peptoid) is much more flexible than alanine (model peptide) in different environments. However, the sarcosine and alanine interact similarly with a hydrophobic or a hydrophilic. Finally, this study highlights the conformational landscape of peptoids and the dominant interactions that drive peptoids towards these conformations. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: MD simulations and manuscript preparation were supported by the MS3 (Materials Synthesis and Simulation Across Scales) Initiative at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multi-program national laboratory operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy. CJM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences. MDB was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Biomolecular Materials Program at PNNL. Computing resources were generously allocated by University of Washington's IT department and PNNL's Institutional Computing program. The authors greatly acknowledge conversations with Dr. Kayla Sprenger, Josh Smith, and Dr. Yeneneh Yimer.

alanine↗
DOE OSTI2017

Radiation damage and annealing in plutonium tetrafluoride

Plutonium tetrafluoride that was separated prior to 1966 at the Hanford Site in Washington State was analyzed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in 2015 and 2016. The plutonium tetrafluoride, as received, was an off-normal color and considering the age of the plutonium, there were questions about the condition of the material. These questions had to be answered in order to determine the suitability of the material for future use or long-term storage. Therefore, Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis and X-ray Diffraction evaluations were conducted to determine the plutonium’s crystal structure, oxide content, and moisture content; these analyses reported that the plutonium was predominately amorphous and tetrafluoride, with an oxide content near ten percent. Freshly fluorinated plutonium tetrafluoride is known to be monoclinic. During the initial Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal analyses, it was discovered that an exothermic event occurred within the material near 414°C. X-ray Diffraction analyses were conducted on the annealed tetrafluoride. The X-ray Diffraction analyses indicated that some degree of recrystallization occurred in conjunction with the 414°C event. The following commentary describes the series of Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal and X-ray Diffraction analyses that were conducted as part of this investigation at PNNL, in collaboration with the University of Utah Nuclear Engineering Program.

McCoy, Kaylyn↗
DOE OSTI2020

Semi-analytic model of magnetized liner inertial fusion

The code that was developed is called SAMM (Semi-Analytic MagLIF Model). In 2015, McBride and Slutz published all of the equations that are solved by the code in the original SAMM paper: R. D. McBride and S. A. Slutz, ?A semi-analytic model of magnetized liner inertial fusion?, Phys. Plasmas 22, 052708 (2015); http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4918953. The SAMM code is now implemented in both the MATLAB and Python programming languages. Students from multiple universities have requested copies of the code so that they can become more familiar with the MagLIF concept. We would like to seek an open-source solution. There is no market value to this code, as there are plenty of more sophisticated simulation codes already available; SAMM is merely a simplified model that is purely for educational purposes. In fact, at least one graduate student (from the University of California, San Diego) has already implemented and published his own modified version of the model: J. Narkis, H. U. Rahman, J. C. Valenzuela, F. Conti, R. D. McBride, D. Venosa, and F. N. Beg, ?A semi-analytic model of gas-puff liner-on-target magneto-inertial fusion?, Phys. Plasmas 26, 032708 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5086056. SAND2020-12244 M Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Moore, Thomas↗
DOE OSTI2018

Solid Rocket Propellant Fires Characterization, Final Scientific/Technical Report for 8 May 2014 through 4 October 2017

The Solid Rocket Propellant Fires Characterization Program continued the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory's (JHU/APL's) characterization of solid propellant fires under relevant accident conditions [at 1 atmosphere (atm) ambient pressure, in humid weather], with significant findings that have revolutionized the understanding of these fires and the response and behavior of plutonium dioxide (plutonia) surrogates in the fires. These findings have been disseminated in Department of Energy (DOE) internal working meetings and at technical interchange meetings (TIMs) with DOE, the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel (INSRP), and NASA in support of the Presidential nuclear safety launch approval process for the Mars 2020 mission, as well as via several conference and journal papers.

10 SYNTHETIC FUELS↗
DOE OSTI2018

NSUF 2016 Annual Report

The Nuclear Science User Facilities (NSUF) and its partner facilities represent a prototype laboratory that utilizes a distributed partnership, with each facility bringing exceptional capabilities to the relationship including reactors, beamlines, state-of-the-art instruments, hot cells, and equally important, expertise. These capabilities and people together create a nationwide infrastructure that allows the best ideas to be tested using the most advanced capabilities. Through the NSUF, researchers and their collaborators are building on current knowledge to better understand the complex behavior of materials and fuels in a nuclear reactor. The NSUF’s partnership program in 2016 included eight universities, one research and education consortium, three national laboratories, and one industry partner. The avenues opened through these partnerships facilitate cooperative research across the country, matching people with capabilities and students with mentors. The NSUF in 2016 included Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the following institutions: • Argonne National Laboratory • Center for Advanced Energy Studies (a research and education consortium between Boise State University, INL, Idaho State University, University of Idaho, and University of Wyoming) • Illinois Institute of Technology • Massachusetts Institute of Technology • North Carolina State University • Oak Ridge National Laboratory • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory • Purdue University • University of California, Berkeley • University of Michigan • University of Nevada, Las Vegas • University of Wisconsin • Westinghouse Materials Center of Excellence. This report contains details on new capabilities brought into the NSUF in 2016, the evidence of the increasing research facilitated by the NSUF, and new tools and activities to propel nuclear research and development forward to meet energy reliability and security needs. Learn about the NSUF Nuclear Fuels and Materials Library and the Nuclear Energy Infrastructure Database, and how the robust NSUF website continues to evolve to support new tools. Read about how the NSUF supports Department of Energy (DOE) missions through efforts like the 2016 NSUF Ion Beam Options Workshop, which led to a prioritiza-tion of ion beam facilities according to their ability to support Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) missions.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2019

Evaluation of Concentrated Piperazine for CO 2 Capture from Coal-Fired Flue Gas (Final Report, REV0)

Concentrated piperazine (PZ) is a novel solvent being developed by the University of Texas at Austin (UT) for CO 2 capture from coal-fired power plants. The high thermal stability of PZ permits solvent regeneration at higher temperature (150 °C) and pressure, reducing compression capital and operating costs. The purpose of Cooperative Agreement DE-FE0005654, Evaluation of Concentrated Piperazine for CO 2 Capture from Coal-Fired Flue Gas , was to gain operational experience using PZ solvent to absorb CO 2 and explore novel, high-temperature processes for solvent regeneration. The pilot-scale test campaigns funded under this project have resulted in the continual improvement in the heat duty of the regeneration systems and solvent and equipment optimization. This document summarizes the results from the Phase 1 (2011, 2013 and 2015) and Phase 2 (2018) test campaigns. In Phase 1, the campaign was conducted on synthetic flue gas at the University of Texas’ Separations Research Program (SRP) facility to investigate CO 2 capture with 5 and 8 molal (5$m$ and 8$m$) PZ and two-stage flash (2SF) and advanced flash stripper (AFS) regeneration designs. Phase 1 testing also investigated techniques for measuring amine aerosol that can be generated during operation, and the effect of absorber operating conditions and sulfur containing compounds in the flue gas on aerosol generation. This testing showed that the AFS represents an optimized amine regeneration system with superior energy performance and simple operability over the 2SF or a simple stripper (SS), that 5$m$ PZ provides an economic and operability advantage over 8$m$ PZ, and that phase doppler interferometry (PDI) can provide useful particle size information on amine aerosol. In Phase 2, the campaign was conducted on coal-fired flue gas at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) to investigate CO 2 capture with 5$m$ PZ and the AFS. The PZ solvent was also used with an existing SS at the NCCC to provide comparison with the AFS performance. Additionally, the campaign investigated the effect of flue gas SO 3 on amine aerosol from the CO 2 absorber. The NCCC pilot plant testing demonstrated the robustness of the PZ solvent and the high energy performance of the AFS provided significant improvements in energy performance over the conventional SS for PZ and other solvents, and approached the DOE’s economic targets for second generation carbon capture technologies. Extended testing allowed the project team to demonstrate reliable long-term operation of this novel regeneration technology and solvent combination. EPRI, Luminant, B&W, LG&E, Chevron, Southern Company, and UT are project co-funders. UT and Trimeric were project team members. URS Group was the prime contractor.

20 FOSSIL-FUELED POWER PLANTS↗