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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2008

New Collections of Aura Atmospheric data Products at the GES DISC

The NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) is the primary archive of atmospheric composition data from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Microwave Limb sounder (MLS), and High-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) instruments. The most recent versions of Aura OMI, MLS and HIRDLS data are available free to the public (http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura). TES data are at ASDC (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov).

Johnson, James↗
NASA NTRS2009

NPP Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Predicted Sensor Performance Calibration and Preliminary Data Product Performance

Continuation of the Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Climate Data Record (CDR) has been identified as critical in the 2007 NRC Decadal Survey, the Global Climate Observing System WCRP report, and in an assessment titled Impacts of NPOESS Nunn-McCurdy Certification on Joint NASA-NOAA Climate Goals. In response, NASA, NOAA and NPOESS agreed in early 2008 to fly the final existing CERES Flight Model (FM-5) on the NPP spacecraft for launch in 2010. Future opportunities for ERB CDR continuity consist of procuring an additional CERES Sensor with modest performance upgrades for flight on the NPOESS C1 spacecraft in 2013, followed by a new CERES follow-on sensor for flight in 2018 on the NPOESS C3 spacecraft. While science goals remain unchanged for the long-term ERB Climate Data Record, it is now understood that the task of achieving these goals is more difficult for two reasons. The first is an increased understanding of the dynamics of the Earth/atmosphere system which demonstrates that rigorous separation of natural variability from anthropogenic change on decadal time scales requires higher accuracy and stability than originally envisioned. Secondly, future implementation scenarios involve less redundancy in flight hardware (1 vs. 2 orbits and operational sensors) resulting in higher risk of loss of continuity and reduced number of independent observations to characterize performance of individual sensors. Although EOS CERES CDR's realize a factor of 2 to 4 improvement in accuracy and stability over previous ERBE CDR's, future sensors will require an additional factor of 2 improvement to answer rigorously the science questions moving forward. Modest investments, defined through the CERES Science Team s 30-year operational history of the EOS CERES sensors, in onboard calibration hardware and pre-flight calibration and test program will ensure meeting these goals while reducing costs in re-processing scientific datasets. The CERES FM-5 pre-flight radiometric characterization program benefited from the 30-year operational experience of the CERES EOS sensors, as well as a stronger emphasis of radiometric characterization in the Statement of Work with the sensor provider. Improvements to the pre-flight program included increased spectral, spatial, and temporal sampling under vacuum conditions as well as additional tests to characterize the primary and transfer standards in the calibration facility. Future work will include collaboration with NIST to further enhance the understanding of the radiometric performance of this equipment prior to flight. The current effort summarizes these improvements to the CERES FM-5 pre-flight sensor characterization program, as well as modifications to inflight calibration procedures and operational tasking. In addition, an estimate of the impacts to the system level accuracy and traceability is presented.

Priestly, Kory↗
NASA NTRS2011

Toward a Coherent Detailed Evaluation of Aerosol Data Products from Multiple Satellite Sensors

Atmospheric aerosols represent one of the greatest uncertainties in climate research. Although satellite-based aerosol retrieval has practically become routine, especially during the last decade, there is often disagreement between similar aerosol parameters retrieved from different sensors, leaving users confused as to which sensors to trust for answering important science questions about the distribution, properties, and impacts of aerosols. As long as there is no consensus and the inconsistencies are not well characterized and understood, there will be no way of developing reliable climate data records from satellite aerosol measurements. Fortunately, the most globally representative well-calibrated ground-based aerosol measurements corresponding to the satellite-retrieved products are available from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). To adequately utilize the advantages offered by this vital resource, an online Multi-sensor Aerosol Products Sampling System (MAPSS) was recently developed. The aim of MAPSS is to facilitate detailed comparative analysis of satellite aerosol measurements from different sensors (Terra-MODIS, Aqua-MODIS, TerraMISR, Aura-OMI, Parasol-POLDER, and Calipso-CALIOP) based on the collocation of these data products over AERONET stations. In this presentation, we will describe the strategy of the MA~SS system, its potential advantages for the aerosol community, and the preliminary results of an integrated comparative uncertainly analysis of aerosol products from multiple satellite sensors.

Ichoku, Charles↗
NASA NTRS1999

TRMM Realtime Data Production, Transfer, and Future Plans

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, a joint US NASA and Japan NASDA mission, was launched on November 27, 1997 from Tanegashima Island, Japan on a NASDA provided H-II launch vehicle. The TRMM objectives are: to obtain and study multi-year science data sets of tropical and sub- tropical rainfall measurement; to understand how interactions between the sea, air, and land masses produce changes in global rainfall and climate; to help improve modeling of tropical rainfall processes; to test, evaluate, and improve the performance of satellite rainfall estimates measurements and techniques. The routine production and quick distribution of standard products provides an important underpinning to these objectives. The determination of standard TRMM algorithms and the requirements for routine production and distribution fall within the authority of the joint US-Japan Science Team. In April of 1998, the Joint TRMM Science team requested that TRMM data be made available in near real-time to approved international agencies and modelers. This request was an addition to the routine production of the standard TRMM data products. The science team requested that near-realtime products be as small as possible to facilitate their transfer via networks. Indeed, it was determined that only network transfer would be available. This presentation provides an overview of the type of products available from the realtime system and how the TRMM system was developed at the lowest cost in the shortest amount of time. It then describes the real-time data flow. The presentation also summarizes how the science quality of real-time data is maintained. It describes how interested groups can get access to this data and the importance of networks for the future of real-time data expansion. The presentation concludes real-time possibilities and improvements possible as part of the proposed Global Precipitation Mission. High speed network access availability is an important catalyst to real-time data flow during the proposed mission.

Stocker, Erich Franz↗
NASA NTRS2016

NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget: Integrated Data Product With Reprocessed Radiance, Cloud, and Meteorology Inputs, and New Surface Albedo Treatment

The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The current release 3.0 (available at gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov) uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX product for pixel level radiance and cloud information. This product is subsampled to 30 km. ISCCP is currently recalibrating and recomputing their entire data series, to be released as the H product, at 10km resolution. The ninefold increase in pixel number will allow SRB a higher resolution gridded product (e.g. 0.5 degree), as well as the production of pixel-level fluxes. In addition to the input data improvements, several important algorithm improvements have been made. Most notable has been the adaptation of Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) from CERES to improve the initial calculation of shortwave TOA fluxes, from which the surface flux calculations follow. Other key input improvements include a detailed aerosol history using the Max Planck Institut Aerosol Climatology (MAC), temperature and moisture profiles from HIRS, and new topography, surface type, and snow/ice. Here we present results for the improved GEWEX Shortwave and Longwave algorithm (GSW and GLW) with new ISCCP data, the various other improved input data sets and the incorporation of many additional internal SRB model improvements. As of the time of abstract submission, results from 2007 have been produced with ISCCP H availability the limiting factor. More SRB data will be produced as ISCCP reprocessing continues. The SRB data produced will be released as part of the Release 4.0 Integrated Product, recognizing the interdependence of the radiative fluxes with other GEWEX products providing estimates of the Earth's global water and energy cycle (I.e., ISCCP, SeaFlux, LandFlux, NVAP, etc.).

Cox, Stephen J.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Validation of GOSAT Data Products; Interim Report on the GOSAT/TANSO Project

The Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) Team has continued working closely with the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) team to (i) conduct vicarious calibration experiments in Railroad Valley, NV, U.S.A., (ii) retrieve estimates of X CO2 from OCO-2 and GOSAT TANSO-FTS data, and (iii) validate these products using internationally recognized standards. The OCO-/GOSAT relationship was reinforced in March 2015 with the signing a new Memorandum of Understanding between NASA and the GOSAT and GOSAT-2 partners. Over the past year, while the GOSAT team has been finalizing the V201 product, the OCO-2 team has focused primarily on the delivery of the OCO-2 product, providing new opportunities for cross calibration of the OCO-2 and GOSAT instruments and cross validation of their products. These efforts are just now producing results. Members of the OCO-2 team have also continued the analysis of the GOSAT V161.161 data and the ACOS B3.5 products. Those efforts have produced 2 new refereed publications and several others in review. The OCO-2 now preparing to reprocess the entire GOSAT TANSO-FTS data record using the GOSAT V201 product and OCO-2 B7 algorithm to produce a 7-year, multi-satellite climate data record for X(sub CO2).

Wennberg, Paul↗
NASA NTRS2000

A distributed component framework for science data product interoperability

Correlation of science results from multi-disciplinary communities is a difficult task. Traditionally data from science missions is archived in proprietary data systems that are not interoperable. The Object Oriented Data Technology (OODT) task at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory is working on building a distributed product server as part of a distributed component framework to allow heterogeneous data systems to communicate and share scientific results.

XML distributed framework science interprobability↗
NASA NTRS2008

MODIS Land Data Products: Generation, Quality Assurance and Validation

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) on-board NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua Satellites are key instruments for providing data on global land, atmosphere, and ocean dynamics. Derived MODIS land, atmosphere and ocean products are central to NASA's mission to monitor and understand the Earth system. NASA has developed and generated on a systematic basis a suite of MODIS products starting with the first Terra MODIS data sensed February 22, 2000 and continuing with the first MODIS-Aqua data sensed July 2, 2002. The MODIS Land products are divided into three product suites: radiation budget products, ecosystem products, and land cover characterization products. The production and distribution of the MODIS Land products are described, from initial software delivery by the MODIS Land Science Team, to operational product generation and quality assurance, delivery to EOS archival and distribution centers, and product accuracy assessment and validation. Progress and lessons learned since the first MODIS data were in early 2000 are described.

Masuoka, Edward↗
DOE OSTI2025

Obtaining Real Production Data Through On-Component Printed SIR Patterns

Cleanliness validation of printed circuit assemblies has become increasingly important as electronic assemblies become smaller, denser, and more challenging to clean, prompting an increase in reliance in custom solutions. With increasingly fast paced development cycles, long lead times and costs of quality custom surrogate test boards become prohibitive in obtaining cleanliness data that is a true representative of the final product. In this study, aerosol jet printing, an additive manufacturing technology for electronics, was used to manufacture surface insulation resistance (SIR) test structures that were evaluated on their ability to detect cleanliness defects and remain stable when clean, as well as their survivability to standard electronics wash processes. Additionally, in an effort to further increase the agility of true product testing, SIR test structures were printed directly onto ball-grid-arrays (BGAs) and tested the survivability of conformally printed leads for data acquisition. SIR test structures displayed good wash survivability on standard FR4 and BGAs, including wraparounds for on-component prints, and high sensitivity to cleanliness defects. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of printed SIR structures as a quick-turn, highly customizable solution for wash validation with potential for increased fidelity cleanliness testing.

SIR, Additive Manufacturing, Printed Electronics, ↗
NASA NTRS2018

Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Project Assessment Report for Version 4 of the L4_SM Data Product

This report provides an assessment of Version 4 of the SMAP Level 4 Surface and Root Zone Soil Moisture (L4_SM) product, released on 14 June 2018. The assessment includes comparisons of L4_SM soil moisture and temperature estimates with in situ measurements from core validation sites and sparse networks. The assessment further includes a global evaluation of the internal diagnostics from the ensemble-based data assimilation system that is used to generate the L4_SM product, including observation-minus-forecast (O-F) brightness temperature residuals and soil moisture analysis increments.Together, the core validation site comparisons and the statistics of the assimilation diagnostics areconsidered primary validation methodologies for the L4_SM product. Comparisons against in situ measurements from regional-scale sparse networks are considered a secondary validation methodology because such in situ measurements are subject to upscaling errors from the point-scale to the grid-cell scale of the data product.The Version 4 L4_SM product benefits from an improved land surface modeling system and from retrospective surface meteorological forcing data that are as consistent as possible with the present-day datain terms of their climatology. Specifically, the model changes include revised parameters and parameterizations for (i) the surface energy balance, (ii) recharge from below of the model's surface excess reservoir, and (iii) the snow depletion curve. Updated ancillary inputs include improved datasets for landcover, topography, and vegetation height. The Version 4 algorithm further includes a revised approach to precipitation corrections that improves the precipitation climatology in Africa and the high-latitudes. Moreover, for system calibration the model is forced retrospectively with MERRA-2 reanalysis data, which are more consistent with the near-real time GEOS forward processing (FP) data used during the SMAP period than the retrospective GEOS data that were available for previous L4_SM versions. An analysis of the time-average surface and root zone soil moisture shows that the global pattern ofarid and humid regions is captured by the Version 4 L4_SM estimates. Owing to the changes in the landsurface modeling system, surface soil moisture is typically drier by several volumetric percent in Version 4 compared to Version 3, whereas root zone soil moisture is wetter in Version 4 in some regions and drierin others. Because of these climatological differences, the Version 3 and Version 4 products should not be combined into a single dataset for use in applications.Results from the core validation site comparisons indicate that Version 4 of the L4_SM data product meets the self-imposed L4_SM accuracy requirement, which is formulated in terms of the RMSE after removal of the long-term mean difference (ubRMSE). The overall ubRMSE of the 3-hourly L4_SM dataat the 9 km scale is 0.039 m3 m-3 for surface soil moisture and 0.029 m3 m-3 for root zone soil moisture,below the 0.04 m3 m-3 requirement. The L4_SM estimates are an improvement over estimates from a model-only Nature Run version 7.2 (NRv7.2), which demonstrates the beneficial impact of the SMAP brightness temperature data. Overall, L4_SM surface and root zone soil moisture estimates are more skillful than NRv7.2 estimates, with statistically significant improvements at the 5% level for surface soil moisture R and anomaly R values. Results from comparisons of the L4_SM product to i

Reichle, Rolf H.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Minimizing inner product data dependencies in conjugate gradient iteration

The amount of concurrency available in conjugate gradient iteration is limited by the summations required in the inner product computations. The inner product of two vectors of length N requires time c log(N), if N or more processors are available. This paper describes an algebraic restructuring of the conjugate gradient algorithm which minimizes data dependencies due to inner product calculations. After an initial start up, the new algorithm can perform a conjugate gradient iteration in time c*log(log(N)).

Vanrosendale, J.↗
NASA NTRS1998

SeaWiFS Technical Report Series: Satellite Primary Productivity Data and Algorithm Development: A Science Plan for Mission to Planet Earth - Volume 42

Two issues regarding primary productivity, as it pertains to the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mission to Planet Earth (MTPE) are presented in this volume. Chapter 1 describes the development of a science plan for deriving primary production for the world ocean using satellite measurements, by the Ocean Primary Productivity Working Group (OPPWG). Chapter 2 presents discussions by the same group, of algorithm classification, algorithm parameterization and data availability, algorithm testing and validation, and the benefits of a consensus primary productivity algorithm.

Falkowski, Paul G.↗
NASA NTRS2006

A classification and evaluation of data movement technologies for the delivery of highly voluminous scientific data products

In this paper, we present a preliminary study of several different electronic data movement technologies. We detail our approach to classifying the technologies included in our study and present the preliminary results of some initial performance benchmarking. Our studies suggest that highly parallel TCP/IP streaming technologies, such as GridFTP and bbFTP, outperform commercial and open-source UDP-bursting technologies in several of the key data movement dimensions that we studied.

technologies↗
DOE OSTI2026

Data for Rewiring Yeast Metabolism for Producing 2,3-Butanediol and Two Downstream Applications: Techno-Economic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) and Agricultural Biostimulant Production

Rising concerns for sustainability and global climate change have driven the development of sustainable production pathways for biofuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass via integrated biological and chemical processes. We constructed an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of producing 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) from glucose without accumulating ethanol and glycerol, which hinder downstream processing of 2,3-BDO, through extensive metabolic reprogramming. Specifically, we introduced heterologous 2,3-BDO biosynthetic enzymes and deleted the major isozymes of ethanol and glycerol biosynthetic enzymes. In addition, we introduced an NAD+ regenerating Pyruvate-Malate (PM) cycle and enhanced the NAD+ regenerating capability of the PM cycle to resolve the redox imbalance from the deletion of ethanol and glycerol production pathways. The resulting engineered yeast produced 109.9 g/L of 2,3-BDO with a productivity of 1.0 g/L/h and a yield of 0.36 g/g glucose in a fed-batch fermentation. We also conducted techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) through catalytic dehydration of 2,3-BDO. A TEA based on the experimental results indicated that the minimum product selling price (MPSP) was estimated to be $1.90/kg. Regarding cradle-to-grave LCA, 100-year global warming potential (GWP100) and fossil energy consumption (FEC) were found to be 0.37 kg CO2 eq/kg and 3.1 MJ/kg, respectively. These results demonstrated the feasibility of cost-competitive and sustainable bio-based MEK production via yeast fermentation. In addition, we explored the possibility of using the fermentation broth containing 2,3-BDO as a biostimulant inducing drought tolerance in plants. As a result, the yeast 2,3-BDO fermentation broth can induce drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana without a complicated purification process.

Economics↗
NASA NTRS1986

Global distribution of SAGE II data products

Techniques employed to map the global distribution of stratospheric aerosols using SAGE II data at four wavelengths (385, 453, 525 and 1020 microns) are described. The methods were devised to integrate the 900 data points scanned by the instrument with account taken of the different times the vertical profiles were obtained. The data have been used to calculate the O3, H2O, NO2 and aerosol optical thicknesses. Sample details of data gathered during April 1985 are discussed, with emphasis on difficulties being encountered in analyzing the differences being observed in the dawn and dusk data.

Rind, D.↗
NASA NTRS2007

Solutions Network Formulation Report. Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite and Landsat Data Continuity Mission Simulated Data Products for the Great Lakes Basin Ecological Team

The proposed solution would simulate VIIRS and LDCM sensor data for use in the USGS/USFWS GLBET DST. The VIIRS sensor possesses a spectral range that provides water-penetrating bands that could be used to assess water clarity on a regional spatial scale. The LDCM sensor possesses suitable spectral bands in a range of wavelengths that could be used to map water quality at finer spatial scales relative to VIIRS. Water quality, alongshore sediment transport and pollutant discharge tracking into the Great Lakes system are targeted as the primary products to be developed. A principal benefit of water quality monitoring via satellite imagery is its economy compared to field-data collection methods. Additionally, higher resolution satellite imagery provides a baseline dataset(s) against which later imagery can be overlaid in GIS-based DST programs. Further, information derived from higher resolution satellite imagery can be used to address public concerns and to confirm environmental compliance. The candidate solution supports the Public Health, Coastal Management, and Water Management National Applications.

Estep, Leland↗
NASA NTRS1993

Lossless compression of image data products on th e FIFE CD-ROM series

How do you store enough of the key data sets, from a total of 120 gigabytes of data collected for a scientific experiment, on a collection of CD-ROM's, small enough to distribute to a broad scientific community? In such an application where information loss in unacceptable, lossless compression algorithms are the only choice. Although lossy compression algorithms can provide an order of magnitude improvement in compression ratios over lossless algorithms the information that is lost is often part of the key scientific precision of the data. Therefore, lossless compression algorithms are and will continue to be extremely important in minimizing archiving storage requirements and distribution of large earth and space (ESS) data sets while preserving the essential scientific precision of the data.

Newcomer, Jeffrey A.↗