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Several hundred five-micron 'video' pictures of Jupiter, with 1-sec resolution, made during September, October, and December 1973 and compared with color photographs, are shown to exhibit direct, detailed correlations with the darker 'purple' features. Forty-four of these pictures were made just before the Pioneer-10 encounter.
The motion sickness susceptibility of 275 healthy male subjects was measured quantitatively by a standardized laboratory procedure using a Stille rotational chair. The results, in terms of velocity of the chair and the number of active head movements, were combined into a single numerical score that represented the total stressor stimulus sustained in reaching, in turn, each of five specific criteria for diagnosing the severity of motion sickness. The stressor value (E factor) of a single head movement at each test rpm was adjusted to yield an equivalent susceptibility score (Coriolis Sickness Susceptibility Index, or CSSI) independent of the endpoint selected. Close agreement among the CSSI scores obtained at each endpoint was found in intercorrelations, test-retest reliability coefficients, and frequency distributions, which reflected the orderliness and stability in the appearance, ramification, and intensification of the acute symptomatology evoked in progressing from mild malaise to frank sickness.
Five conductors of three structure types were discovered which, as solids, can transport Na(+) or K(+) ions with conductivities of approximately .00001/(omega cm) at 300 K. These compounds are: (1) the pyrochlores NaTaWO6 and NaTa2O5F, both with an activation energy for conduction delta E of 21 kJ/mole; (2) the bodycentered cubic form of NaSbO3, with delta E = 42 kJ/mole; and (3) the niobates 2Na2O with 3Nb2O5 and 2K2O with 3Nb2O5, with the alkali ions probably in open layers of the incompletely determined structure; delta E = 17 kJ/mole. On the basis of approximately 40 structure types, some generalizations were made regarding the relation between structure and ionic transport.
The types of wear particles generated by a five-ring polyphenyl ether in boundary lubrication experiments in various atmospheres were determined by ferrographic analysis. The types of wear particles observed included: cylindrical or rock-like organo-metallic debris, adhesive and cutting wear particles, and some spherical debris. Interpretations as to the mechanism of generation of the various types of particles are presented.
Twenty-five commercial nickel-, iron-, and cobalt-base sheet alloys incorporating chromium or chromium and aluminum additions for oxidation resistance were tested at 1150 C in air for 100 hr in both isothermal and 1-hr cyclic furnace exposures. The alloys were evaluated by sample specific weight change, by type of scale formed, by amount and type of spall, and by sample thickness change and microstructure.-
The earth resources sensing Multispectral Scanner (MSS) for the Landsat satellite has two versions; one with four spectral bands from 0.5 to 1.1 microns, and one with five bands, the added band being 10.4 to 12.6 microns. This paper describes optical design and performance. The instrument uses a flat, object-space scanning mirror of near-linear motion, with a sensitive optical position monitor to detect mirror angular position. The 22.9-cm aperture telescope images the scene on an array of fiber optics, which dissect and transmit the scene energy to photomultiplier tubes detecting in Bands 1, 2, and 3, and silicon photodiodes detecting Band 4. Band 5 energy passes the fiber optic assembly and is reimaged on a radiatively cooled mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detector. The orbiting four-band scanner is furnishing data registered to better than 50-m band-to-band and resolving 80-m repetitive pattern over a 185-km swath width from 907-km altitude.
Five new conductors of positive Na and K ions, for use as separators in high energy secondary batteries, have been discovered. They include: (1) the pyrochlores NaTaWO6 and NaTa2O5F; (2) the bcc form of NaSbO3; and (3) the niobates 2Na2O-3Nb2O5 and 2K2O-3Nb2O5, with the alkali ions probably in open layers of the completely determined structure. On the basis of approximately 40 structure types, generalizations have been made regarding the relation between structure and ionic transport.
The thinning characteristics of five fluids were studied by measuring film thickness as a function of time. The mercury squeeze film capacitance technique was used. All tests were performed at room temperature. The synthetic hydrocarbon plus a nematic liquid crystal, N-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-p-butylaniline, thinned according to a Newtonian model and retained its bulk viscosity. The synthetic hydrocarbon plus a phosphonate antiwear additive and the synthetic hydrocarbon plus n-hexadecanol produced residual thick films. The synthetic hydrocarbon base fluids and the synthetic hydrocarbon plus a paraffinic resin displayed viscosity increases during thinning, but no residual films were formed.
A catalog of atmospheric densities derived for the drag on five balloon satellites is presented. Much of the catalog was based on precisely reduced Baker-Nunn observations and, for that reason, provides much improved time resolution. The effect of direct solar radiation pressure was precisely evaluated, and that of terrestrial radiation pressure was included in every case. The interval covered for each satellite varies between 3.1 and 7.6 years, with the data extending from early 1961 to early 1973.
Five forebody models of various shapes were tested in the Ames 6- by 6-Foot Wind Tunnel to determine the aerodynamic characteristics at Mach numbers from 0.25 to 2 at a Reynolds number of 800000. At a Mach number of 0.6 the Reynolds number was varied from 0.4 to 1.8 mil. Angle of attack was varied from -2 deg to 88 deg at zero sideslip. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of Mach number of the side force that develops at low speeds and zero sideslip for all of these forebody models when the nose is pointed. Test results show that with increasing Mach number the maximum side forces decrease to zero between Mach numbers of 0.8 and 1.5, depending on the nose angle; the smaller the nose angle of the higher the Mach number at which the side force exists. At a Mach number of 0.6 there is some variation of side force with Reynolds number, the variation being the largest for the more slender tangent ogive.
Five-color (UVBGR) photoelectric light curves of Eros are presented which were obtained on nine nights during the asteroid's 1974/75 close apparition. Indications that three reversals occurred in the relative depths of the two minima between late December 1974 and late January 1975 are noted along with definite evidence of phase reddening. The maximum amplitude observed was 1.44 magnitudes, and the absolute visual magnitude at primary maximum (corrected to zero phase and to 1 AU from the earth and the sun) was about 10.8 magnitudes. Since the observations indicate that Eros has no significant rotational color variations, it is suggested that the light-curve amplitudes are due primarily to the asteroid's shape and to shadowing effects. Based on its colors relative to the sun, it is concluded that Eros appears to be an S-type asteroid.
Collector thermal efficiency, and efficiency degradation with time were measured for 5 flat-plate solar collectors tested simultaneously in an outdoor solar collector test facility. Results indicate that by using collector performance parameters which account for diffuse isolation, outdoor data recorded on cloud days can be used as a measure of performance, as long as the ratio of direct to total insolation exceeds approximately 0.6. These outdoor results also show good agreement with thermal efficiency data obtained indoors in a solar simulator. Significant efficiency degradation occurred on only one of the five collectors exposed to outdoor conditions for a period of one to two years.
Measurements of the brightness and B-V color index of the leading and trailing hemispheres of Iapetus during the past five apparitions of Saturn are presented. The dependence of brightness on solar phase angle is determined for the two faces of the satellite. After correction for solar phase angle and distance effects, the brighter trailing hemisphere of Iapetus was found to be constant in brightness and color index throughout the interval covered by the observations. The brightness of the dark leading hemisphere, however, decreased by about 0.2 mag over the same period, and its B-V color index reddened by 0.05 mag. These changes are interpreted as evidence for the existence of a bright southern pole cap on Iapetus.
The data from a recently completed survey of the galactic plane with the SAS-3 modulation collimators provide precise (20 to 60 arcsec) celestial positions of galactic X-ray sources. Preliminary positions of 60-arcsec precision are reported for five sources. One of these led to the identification of the star, Gamma Cas, as an X-ray source, and the others lend substantial confidence to previously proposed optical identifications: 3U 0352+30 = X Per, 3U 1145-61 = HEN 715, GX301-2 = WRA977, and GX304-1 = MMV star. These identifications seem to establish the existence of a previously suggested class of Be-star X-ray emitters.
Collector thermal efficiency, and efficiency degradation with time were measured for 5 flat-plate solar collectors tested simultaneously in an outdoor solar collector test facility. Results indicate that by using collector performance parameters which account for diffuse insolation, outdoor data recorded on 'cloudy' days can be used as a measure of performance, as long as the ratio of direct to total insolation exceeds approximately 0.6. These outdoor results also show good agreement with thermal efficiency data obtained indoors in a solar simulator. Significant efficiency degradation occurred on only one of the five collectors exposed to outdoor conditions for a period of one to two years.
Transonic tunnel test was performed to determine the static performance of five twin-engine nonaxisymmetric nozzles and a base-line axisymmetric nozzle at three nozzle power settings. Static thrust-vectoring and thrust-reversing performance were also determined. Nonaxisymmetric-nozzle concepts included two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzles, wedge nozzles, and a nozzle with a single external-expansion ramp. All nonaxisymmetric nozzles had essentially the same statis performance as the axisymmetric nozzle. Effective thrust vectoring and reversing was also achieved.
Five vacuum-melted bearing steels tempered to various room temperature hardnesses: AISI 52100 and the tool steels AISI M-1, AISI M-50, Halmo, and WB-49 were studied. Hardness measurements were taken on AISI 52100 at room temperature and at elevated temperatures after soaking it at temperatures to 478 K (400 F) for as long as 1000 hours. Hardness measurements were also taken on the tool steels after soaking them at temperatures to 700 K (800 F) for as long at 1000 hours. None of the tool steel tempered during soaking and AISI 52100 did not temper when soaked at 366 K (200 F) for 1000 hours. However, AISI 52100 that was initially hardened to room temperature hardness of 62.5 or 64.5 lost hardness during the first 500 hours of the 1000-hour soak tests at temperatures greater than 394 K (250 F), but it maintained its hardness during the final 500 hours of soaking. Similarly, AISI 52100 initially hardened to room temperature hardness of 60.5 lost hardness during the first 500 hours of the 1000-hour soaking at temperatures greater than 422 K (300 F), but it maintained its hardness during the final 500 hours of soaking.
The v = 1 to 0 S(1) line of molecular hydrogen has been detected in five planetary nebulae. They are the Ring Nebula (M57, NGC 6720), BD+30 deg 3639, Hb 12, CRL 618, and CRL 2688. A region in the northeast of the Ring Nebula has been mapped in both the v = 1 to 0 S(1) molecular hydrogen line and the Brackett gamma line of atomic hydrogen. The H2 emission is not spatially correlated with the B-gamma, but is correlated with the (OI) emission as determined from interference filter photographs.