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Highly selective oxidation of methane to methanol has long been challenging in catalysis. Here, we reveal key steps for the promotion by water when tuning the selectivity of a well-defined CeO 2 /Cu 2 O/Cu(111) catalyst from CO and CO 2 to methanol under a reaction environment with methane, oxygen, and water. Ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that water added to CH 4 and O 2 led to surface CH 3 O and accelerated methanol production. These results were consistent with density functional theory calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations which showed that water preferentially dissociates over the active Ce ions at the CeO 2 -Cu 2 O/Cu(111) interface. The adsorbed OH blocked O-O bond cleavage that would dehydrogenate CH 3 O to CO and CO 2 , and it directly converted this species to methanol, while O 2 now reoxidized the reduced surface. Water adsorption also displaced the produced methanol into the gas phase.
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We investigated the catalytic activity of different coating layers and put forward a selection criterion for surface layers. Al 2 O 3 could effectively suppress HER and enable the cycling of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anode in water-in-salt electrolyte, with a capacity of 145 mA h g −1 .
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A general synthesis method is demonstrated for producing PdM (M= Ag, Cu, Ni, and Y) nanowire networks. As a prototypical application, these nanowires are incorporated into polybenzimidazole to create mixed matrix membranes for H 2 /CO 2 separation.
Synthetic platform for production of biomass-derived monomers and performance-advantaged polymers with renewability, upgradability, and economic viability.
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