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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

multiplex gas chromatography: A novel analytical technique for future planetary studies

Determination of molecular species comprised of the biogenic elements in the atmospheres of planets and moons of the solar system is one the foremost requirements of the exobiologist studying chemical evolution and the origin of life. Multiplex chromatography is a technique where many samples are pseudo-randomly introduced to the chromatograph without regard to elution of preceding components. The resulting data are then reduced using mathematical techniques such as cross correlation or Fourier Transforms. To demonstrate the utility of this technique for future solar system exploration, chemical modulators were developed. Several advantages were realized from this technique in combination with these modulators: improvement in detection limits of several orders of magnitude, improvement in the analysis of complex mixtures by selectively modulating some of the components present in the sample, increase in the number of analyses that can be conducted in a given period of time, and reduction in the amount of expendables needed to run an analysis. In order to apply this technique in a real application, methane in ambient air was monitored continuously over a period of one week. By using ambient air as its own carrier all expendables beyond power were eliminated.

Valentin, J. R.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Wavelength-division multiplexed digital optical position transducer

A novel concept for a digital optical position tranducer is presented. This compact and rugged device is electrically passive and requires only a dual-fiber optical link. Wavelength division of a broad-spectrum semiconductor light source is employed to multiplex the channels of a 10-bit digital position encoder. A preliminary design was evaluated and found to have a 10-dB on-off contrast ratio and a 12-dB insertion loss.

Fritsch, K.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Performance boundaries for prioritized multiplexing systems

Systems in which many data sources are multiplexed over a single communication channel are considered. Data from all the sources are generated in fixed-length packets and are stored in a common buffer with finite capacity. Packets that overflowed or were removed from the buffer prior to transmission are lost. The system performance measure is the set of packet loss probabilities associated with the sources. Queueing disciplines vary depending on the stringency of prioritization and the utilization of the system resources. The set of all possible performances is characterized as the set of all queueing disciplines is spanned. Whether a given performance is possible can be deduced. Strategies that achieve the minimum overall loss probability are identified. The extreme disciplines are specified, and their performances are calculable by means of a given algorithm.

Clare, Loren P.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Development of 30 micrometers extrinsic silicon multiplexed infrared deterctor array

Two hybrid infrared (IR) detector arrays of antimony-doped silicon (Si:Sb) were produced and tested to evaluate their potential for use in low-background IR astronomy applications. The format of the arrays is 58 x 62 elements, with 76 micron-square pixels. A random-access, switched metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) silicon multiplexer is used to read out the array elements. Reduced-background tests of signal, noise, and noise equivalent power were conducted over the temperature range 3.2 to 12 K. The arrays were found to have good sensitivity and good uniformity.

Orias, G.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Multiplexed 256 element InGaAs detector arrays for 0.8-1.7-micron room-temperature operation

InGaAs photodetectors have been configured into linear arrays of 30 x 30 micron photodetectors spaced 50 microns apart. The devices have typical responsivities of 0.9 A/W (86-percent QE) at 1.3 microns and exhibit room temperature dark currents below 100 pA. A 256-element array has been mounted in a Reticon multiplexer and configured into a PAR optical multichannel analyzer to extend spectral response out to 1.7 microns. Individual InGaAs detectors have been fabricated for response out to 2.2 microns with dark current below 1 microA (-1V) and 50-percent QE at room temperature.

Olsen, G. H.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Performance of multiplexed Ge:Ga detector arrays in the far infrared

The performance of two multi-element, multiplexed Ge:Ga linear arrays under low-background conditions was investigated. The on-focal switching is accomplished by MOSFET switches, and the integrated charge is made available through MOSFET source followers. The tests were conducted at 106 microns, and the radiation on the detectors was confined to a spectral window 1.25 microns wide using a stack of cold filters. At 4.2 K, the highest responsivity was 584 A/W, the noise equivalent power was 1.0 x 10(exp -16) W/square root of Hz, and the read noise was 6100 electrons/sample. A detailed description of the test setup and procedure is presented.

Farhoomand, Jam↗
NASA NTRS1990

Adaptive data acquisition multiplexing system and method

A reconfigurable telemetry multiplexer is described which includes a monitor-terminal and a plurality of remote terminals. The remote terminals each include signal conditioning for a plurality of sensors for measuring parameters which are converted by an analog to digital converter. CPU's in the remote terminals store instructions for prompting system configuration and reconfiguration commands. The measurements, instructions, and the terminal's present configuration and status data are transmitted to the monitor-terminal and displayed. In response to menu-driven prompts generated and displayed at the monitor-terminal, data generation request commands, status and health commands, and the like are input at the monitor-terminal and transmitted to the remote terminals. The CPU in each remote terminal receives the various commands, stores them in electrically alterable memory, and reacts in accordance with the commands to reconfigure a plurality of aspects of the system. The CPU in each terminal also generates parameter measurements, status and health signals, and transmits these signals of the respective terminals to the monitor-terminal for low data rate operator viewing and to higher rate external transmission/monitor equipment. Reconfiguration may be in real time during the general period of parameter measurement acquisition, and may include alteration of the gain, automatic gain rescaling, bias, and or sampling rates associated with one or more of the parameter measurements made by the remote terminals.

Sinderson, Richard L.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Study of wavelength division multiplexing as a means of increasing the number of channels in multimode fiber optic communication links

A number of optical communication lines are now in use at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) for the transmission of voice, computer data, and video signals. Presently, all of these channels utilize a single carrier wavelength centered near 1300 nm. The theoretical bandwidth of the fiber far exceeds the utilized capacity. Yet, practical considerations limit the usable bandwidth. The fibers have the capability of transmitting a multiplicity of signals simultaneously in each of two separate bands (1300 and 1550 nm). Thus, in principle, the number of transmission channels can be increased without installing new cable if some means of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) can be utilized. The main goal of these experiments was to demonstrate that a factor of 2 increase in bandwidth utilization can share the same fiber in both a unidirectional configuration and a bidirectional mode of operation. Both signal and multimode fiber are installed at KSC. The great majority is multimode; therefore, this effort concentrated on multimode systems.

Bates, Harry↗
NASA NTRS1990

Digital angular position sensor using wavelength division multiplexing

Future aircraft will use fly-by-light control systems with fiber-linked optical sensors for such measurands as temperature, pressure, and linear and angular position. A digital optical sensor is described which was developed to transmit the angular position of such slowly rotating parts as a throttle of fuel flow control valve on an aircraft. The sensor employs a reflective code plate with ten channels providing a resolution of 0.35 degrees. Two light-emitting diodes with overlapping spectra are used as light sources. A single microoptic multiplexer-demultiplexer composed of a GRIN rod lens and a miniature grating is used to disperse the spectrum and recombine the spectral components from each channel after reflection by the code plate. The results of preliminary environmental tests of this unit are discussed. The sensor has been operated for brief periods of time between -60 C and +125 without adverse effects. Preliminary vibration tests indicate that the unit will work properly at the maximum vibration levels expected in a jet-engine environment.

Fritsch, Klaus↗
NASA NTRS1990

Continuous monitoring of a changing sample by multiplex gas chromatography

Results are presented from a study in which a continuously changed gaseous sample was monitored by multiplex gas chromatography (MGC), using the exponential dilution (ED) technique of Ritter and Adams (1976) to change the composition and concentration of a gaseous mixture in such a way as to imitate changes in the atmospheric gases sampled by a descending aircraft. A calibration of the MGC system was performed with four different rates of sample dilution, and the errors resulting from various degrees of change in the sample concentration were determined.

Valentin, Jose R.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Multiplexed noise shaping structures for Delta-Sigma modulators

A new structure for realizing a multiplexed noise-shaping A/D convertor is proposed. It improves the performance of first- or second-order Delta-Sigma modulators by employing additional feedback paths for suppressing the quantizer error. The structure, its theoretical analysis, and simulations confirming the improved resolution are presented.

Czarnul, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1991

Wavelength-multiplexed fiber-optic position encoder for aircraft control systems

NASA-Lewis has developed wavelength-multiplexed digital position fiber-optics transducers for use in aircraft control systems. A prototype LED-powered rotary encoder for a commercial aircraft turbofan engine is under construction which will have 8-bit resolution and an operational temperature in the 90 C range. A compact electrooptics module is also under development which will be able to withstand gas turbine environments. A second-generation device will incorporate integrated photonics technologies to increase optical power margin.

Beheim, Glenn↗
NASA NTRS1992

Characterization of electric thruster plumes using multiplexed laser induced fluorescence measurements

The use of laser-induced fluorescence to obtain spatially resolved measurements of propellant velocities and temperatures in electric thruster plumes is discussed, with emphasis on two innovations of the technique, namely simultaneous recording of the optogalvanic signal in a hollow cathode lamp for the purpose of calibrating Doppler shifts, and two-beam multiplexing to allow the measurement of two velocity components at once. It is also shown how information on plume fluctuations can be obtained from the multiplxed LIF data. The techniques are demonstrated on the plume from a low power arcjet, operated on argon, and its extension to the measurement of ion velocities in electrostatic ion thrusters and stationary plasma thrusters is discussed.

Ruyten, W. M.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Of Avionic Digital Control Signals

Proposed wavelength-division multiplexing optoelectronic system aboard aircraft transmits digital control signals from central flight-control computer via optical fibers to multiple distributed processors, actuators, and sensors. In comparison with serial TDM communication systems, this system offers potentially higher data throughput, greater tolerance to transient induced faults, and lower bit-error rates. Also immune to electromagnetic interference at suboptical frequencies.

Patterson, James D.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Dynamic photorefractive self-amplified angular-multiplex 2-D optical beam-array generation

A real-time 2-D angular-multiplex beam-array holographic storage and reconstruction technique using electrically-addressed spatial light modulators(E-SLM's) and photorefractive crystals is described. Using a liquid crystal television (LCTV) spatial light modulator (SLM) for beam steering and lithium niobate photorefractive crystal for holographic recording, experimental results of generating large and complicated arrays of laser beams with high diffraction efficiency and good uniformity are presented.

Zhou, Shaomin↗
NASA NTRS1993

Two-Beam multiplexed laser-induced fluorescence measurements of an argon arcjet plume

We describe a multiplexed, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique with which radial and axial profiles of vector velocities of excited propellant species were obtained in the exhaust plume from a 300-W argon arcjet. Although the arcjet is a prototype, and although argon is not an interesting propellant from a propulsion perspective, the technique clearly demonstrates how a narrowband, frequency-stabilized ring-dye laser can be used to obtain simultaneous measurements of two velocity components in an arcjet plume and how a third signal from an optogalvanic cell can be used as a frequency reference. We also show that much information on the flow can be obtained by analyzing the Doppler widths and fluorescence intensities of the LIF data. Specifically, the data identify a boundary layer in the radial direction of the plume and a shock in the downstream region of the flow. Also, some flow anisotropy is observed, consistent with the assumption that the magnitude of the mean flow velocity fluctuates. The peak velocity on centerline remains roughly constant at 3 km/s throughout the expansion.

Ruyten, Wilhelmus M.↗