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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Transcriptome Mining Provides Insights into Cell Wall Metabolism and Fiber Lignification in Agave tequilana Weber

Resilience of growing in arid and semiarid regions and a high capacity of accumulating sugar-rich biomass with low lignin percentages have placed Agave species as an emerging bioenergy crop. Although transcriptome sequencing of fiber-producing agave species has been explored, molecular bases that control wall cell biogenesis and metabolism in agave species are still poorly understood. Here, through RNAseq data mining, we reconstructed the cellulose biosynthesis pathway and the phenylpropanoid route producing lignin monomers in A. tequilana, and evaluated their expression patterns in silico and experimentally. Most of the orthologs retrieved showed differential expression levels when they were analyzed in different tissues with contrasting cellulose and lignin accumulation. Phylogenetic and structural motif analyses of putative CESA and CAD proteins allowed to identify those potentially involved with secondary cell wall formation. RT-qPCR assays revealed enhanced expression levels of AtqCAD5 and AtqCESA7 in parenchyma cells associated with extraxylary fibers, suggesting a mechanism of formation of sclerenchyma fibers in Agave similar to that reported for xylem cells in model eudicots. Overall, our results provide a framework for understanding molecular bases underlying cell wall biogenesis in Agave species studying mechanisms involving in leaf fiber development in monocots.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Untargeted Exometabolomics Provides a Powerful Approach to Investigate Biogeochemical Hotspots with Vegetation and Polygon Type in Arctic Tundra Soils

Rising temperatures in the Arctic have led to the thawing of tundra soils, which is rapidly changing terrain, hydrology, and plant and microbial communities, causing hotspots of biogeochemical activity across the landscape. Despite this, little is known about how nutrient-rich low molecular weight dissolved organic matter (LMW DOM) varies within and across tundra ecosystems. Using a high-resolution nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) approach, we characterized the composition and availability of LMW DOM from high-centered polygons (HCP) and low-centered polygons (LCP) with Eriophorum angustifolium or Carex aquatilis as the dominant vegetation. Over 3000 unique features (i.e., discrete mass/charge ions) were detected; 521 were identified as differentially abundant between polygonal types and 217 were putatively annotated using high mass accuracy MS data. While polygon type was a strong predictor of LMW DOM composition and availability, vegetation and soil depth were also important drivers. Extensive evidence was found for enhanced microbial processing at the LCP sites, which were dominated by Carex plant species. We detected significant differences between polygon types with varying aboveground landscape features or properties, and hotspots of biogeochemical activity, indicating LMW DOM, as quantified by untargeted exometabolomics, provides a window into the dynamic complex interactions between landscape topography, vegetation, and organic matter cycling in Arctic polygonal tundra soils.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Characterisation and comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of false, yellow, black and blushing morels provide insights on their structure and evolution

Morchella species have considerable significance in terrestrial ecosystems, exhibiting a range of ecological lifestyles along the saprotrophism-to-symbiosis continuum. However, the mitochondrial genomes of these ascomycetous fungi have not been thoroughly studied, thereby impeding a comprehensive understanding of their genetic makeup and ecological role. In this study, we analysed the mitogenomes of 30 Morchellaceae species, including yellow, black, blushing and false morels. These mitogenomes are either circular or linear DNA molecules with lengths ranging from 217 to 565 kbp and GC content ranging from 38% to 48%. Fifteen core protein-coding genes, 28–37 tRNA genes and 3–8 rRNA genes were identified in these Morchellaceae mitogenomes. The gene order demonstrated a high level of conservation, with the cox1 gene consistently positioned adjacent to the rnS gene and cob gene flanked by apt genes. Some exceptions were observed, such as the rearrangement of atp6 and rps3 in Morchella importuna and the reversed order of atp6 and atp8 in certain morel mitogenomes. However, the arrangement of the tRNA genes remains conserved. We additionally investigated the distribution and phylogeny of homing endonuclease genes (HEGs) of the LAGLIDADG (LAGs) and GIY-YIG (GIYs) families. A total of 925 LAG and GIY sequences were detected, with individual species containing 19–48HEGs. These HEGs were primarily located in the cox1, cob, cox2 and nad5 introns and their presence and distribution displayed significant diversity amongst morel species. These elements significantly contribute to shaping their mitogenome diversity. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Morchellaceae.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

vdisquants: Video Distrometer derived radar equivalent quantities. Retrievals from the VDIS instrument providing radar equivalent quantities, including dual polarization radar quantities (e.g., Z, Differential Reflectivity ZDR).

1. Provide cleaned and filtered data stream from multiple ARM disdrometers; 2. Estimate commonly-used physical parameters of the Drop Size Distribution (DSD). 3. Calculate radar equivalent quantities such as the Radar Reflectivity Factor Z.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2021

Physical Activity Types and Programs Recommended by Primary Care Providers Treating Adults With Arthritis, DocStyles 2018

Primary care providers (PCPs) can offer counseling to adults with arthritis on physical activity, which can reduce pain and improve physical function, mental health, and numerous other health outcomes. We analyzed cross-sectional 2018 DocStyles data for 1,366 PCPs who reported they always or sometimes recommend physical activity to adults with arthritis. Most PCPs sampled (88.2%) recommended walking, swimming, or cycling; 65.5% did not recommend any evidence-based, arthritis-appropriate physical activity programs recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opportunities exist for public health awareness campaigns to educate PCPs about evidence-based physical activity programs proven to optimize health for adults with arthritis when more than counseling is needed.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Model-Predictive Hierarchical-Control Framework for Aggregating Residential DERs to Provide Grid Regulation Services

This paper develops a hierarchical control frame-work to aggregate and to manage behind-the-meter distributed energy resources (DERs), which will be ubiquitous in future distribution systems. In the proposed framework, firstly, each controller in the hierarchy determines the flexibility of the DERs such that the obtained flexibility is feasible with respect to its operational purview. For example, the operational purview of a home energy management system may only consider consumer comfort preferences, while that for an aggregator or a grid controller may consider network voltage management as well. Based on the feasible flexibility, optimal setpoints for the DERs is then determined by the hierarchical controllers to help the distribution power network in voltage regulation, coordination issues with existing transmission-level conventional generators, etc. Therefore, the proposed strategy, which is based on model-predictive control, can be effectively utilized by the distribution network to coordinate several DERs to provide grid regulation services. Numerical simulations performed on the IEEE 37-bus test system demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2021

Circuit for providing variable waveform excitation

A circuit for testing an electronic component, such as a transformer, includes at least two power supplies and at least two H bridge circuits. A first H bridge circuit is conductively coupled in parallel to a first power supply. A second H bridge circuit is conductively coupled in parallel to a second power supply. The second H bridge circuit includes one or more anti-series diodes for preventing current from the first power supply from passing through the second H bridge circuit to the second power supply. The first H bridge circuit and the second H bridge circuit are configured to conductively couple to the electronic component for providing a voltage with a predefined waveform to the electronic component.

Beddingfield, Richard B.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Apparatus and method for providing workload distribution of threads among multiple compute units

In some examples, thermal aware optimization logic determines a characteristic (e.g., a workload or type) of a wavefront (e.g., multiple threads). For example, the characteristic indicates whether the wavefront is compute intensive, memory intensive, mixed, and/or another type of wavefront. The thermal aware optimization logic determines temperature information for one or more compute units (CUs) in one or more processing cores. The temperature information includes predictive thermal information indicating expected temperatures corresponding to the one or more CUs and historical thermal information indicating current or past thermal temperatures of at least a portion of a graphics processing unit (GPU). The logic selects the one or more compute units to process the plurality of threads based on the determined characteristic and the temperature information. The logic provides instructions to the selected subset of the plurality of CUs to execute the wavefront.

Rao, Karthik↗
DOE OSTI2022

Transmission-Distribution Dynamic Co-Simulation of Electric Vehicles Providing Grid Frequency Response: Preprint

This paper investigates the impacts of electric vehicles (EVs) on power system frequency regulation based on an open-source transmission-and-distribution (T&D) dynamic co-simulation framework. The development of a EV dynamic model based on appropriate WECC dynamic model is introduced first, then the T&D dynamic co-simulation platform is described. The advantage of the overall platform is that DERs such as distributed photovoltaic (DPV) and EV are modeled explicitly in both transmission and distribution simulators for frequency dynamics and voltage, respectively. In the case studies, EVs frequency responses (i.e., primary and/or secondary) are simulated after the system is exposed to N-1 contingency such as a generation trip. Various EV frequency regulation participation strategies are investigated as well to study their impacts on system frequency response. The studies shows that EVs have potential capability to provide effective frequency regulation services.

electric vehicle↗
DOE OSTI2022

System for providing dynamic feedback for selective adhesion PCB production

A system for providing selective adhesion printed circuit board (PCB) production comprises a conveyor mechanism, a curing system, and a computer. The conveyor mechanism is configured to convey a series of selective adhesion blanks, wherein each selective adhesion blank is utilized to produce a PCB and includes a flexible film, a substrate, a conductive layer, and a curable adhesive. The conductive layer is formed from electrically conductive material and adhered to the substrate. The curable adhesive is positioned between the flexible film and the conductive layer and is configured to selectively bond with the conductive layer when the curable adhesive is cured. The curing system is configured to cure the curable adhesive. The computer includes a processing element configured or programmed to: receive a plurality of PCB designs, and direct the curing system to cure the curable adhesive of a plurality of selective adhesion blanks for each PCB design.

Hatch, Jonathan Douglas↗
DOE OSTI2021

Nuclear Science User Facilities High Performance Computing: Provide a Science Gateway for HPC Users

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), supported by the Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) through the Nuclear Science User Facilities (NSUF), provides direct access to the Barracuda Virtual Reactor and 18 Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) applications via a web-based science gateway developed using Open Ondemand on the INL high performance computing (HPC) systems. This gateway features the computational tools of the Nuclear Computational Resource Center (NCRC) and the computing resources of the INL high performance computing systems. These computational tools are a key foundation of collaboration and innovation in nuclear energy systems research. High performance computing resources and INL staff directly support the mission and objectives of DOE-NE. The Barracuda Virtual Reactor was the first science gateway deployed in Jan 2021 to support NSUF users. In July 2021, the science gateway was expanded to support access to NCRC codes for use across all supported INL HPC systems. The HPC science gateway currently supports 20 total applications. The gateway also includes access to training resources specific to NCRC tools.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Technologies for providing secure emergency power control of high voltage direct current transmission system

Technologies for providing secure emergency power control of a high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) system include a controller. The controller includes circuitry configured to receive status data indicative of a present physical status of a power system. The circuitry is also configured to obtain an emergency power control command triggered by a remote source. The emergency power control command is to be executed by an HVDC transmission system of the power system. Further, the circuitry is configured to determine, as a function of the status data, whether the emergency power control command is consistent with the present physical status of the power system and block, in response to a determination that the emergency power control command is not consistent with the present physical status of the power system, execution of the emergency power control command by the HVDC transmission system.

Pan, Jiuping↗
DOE OSTI2023

Method and apparatus for providing thermal wear leveling

Exemplary embodiments provide thermal wear spreading among a plurality of thermal die regions in an integrated circuit or among dies by using die region wear-out data that represents a cumulative amount of time each of a number of thermal die regions in one or more dies has spent at a particular temperature level. In one example, die region wear-out data is stored in persistent memory and is accrued over a life of each respective thermal region so that a long term monitoring of temperature levels in the various die regions is used to spread thermal wear among the thermal die regions. In one example, spreading thermal wear is done by controlling task execution such as thread execution among one or more processing cores, dies and/or data access operations for a memory.

Roberts, David A.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Apparatus and method for providing workload distribution of threads among multiple compute units

In some examples, thermal aware optimization logic determines a characteristic (e.g., a workload or type) of a wavefront (e.g., multiple threads). For example, the characteristic indicates whether the wavefront is compute intensive, memory intensive, mixed, and/or another type of wavefront. The thermal aware optimization logic determines temperature information for one or more compute units (CUs) in one or more processing cores. The temperature information includes predictive thermal information indicating expected temperatures corresponding to the one or more CUs and historical thermal information indicating current or past thermal temperatures of at least a portion of a graphics processing unit (GPU). The logic selects the one or more compute units to process the plurality of threads based on the determined characteristic and the temperature information. The logic provides instructions to the selected subset of the plurality of CUs to execute the wavefront.

Rao, Karthik↗
DOE OSTI2023

Method and apparatus for providing wear leveling

Exemplary embodiments provide wear spreading among die regions (i.e., one or more circuits) in an integrated circuit or among dies by using operating condition data in addition to or instead of environmental data such as temperature data, from each of a plurality of die regions. Control logic produces a cumulative amount of time each of the plurality of die regions has spent at an operating condition based on operating condition data wherein the operating condition data is based on at least one of the following operating characteristics: frequency of operation of the plurality of die regions, an operating voltage of the plurality of die regions, an activity level of the plurality of die regions, a timing margin of the plurality of die regions, and a number of detected faults of the plurality of die regions. The method and apparatus spreads wear among the plurality of same type of die regions by controlling task execution among the plurality of die regions using the die wear-out data.

Raasch, Steven↗
DOE OSTI2024

Guidance on EPAct section 707 Emergency Repair and Restoration Vehicle Exclusions: EPAct State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Program Guidance Document

Section 707 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) amended section 301(9)(E) of EPAct 1992 by adding to the list of vehicles excluded from the definition of "fleet" a new subcategory of emergency motor vehicles, i.e., "vehicles directly used in the emergency repair of transmission lines and in the restoration of electricity service following power outages, as determined by the Secretary." Like other excluded vehicles, these light-duty vehicles (LDVs) do not count (1) when determining whether a fleet is covered under the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleet Program (Program), and (2) for fleets that are covered under the Program, when calculating annual alternative fuel vehicle (AFV)-acquisition requirements. If AFV models of excluded vehicles are acquired, however, a fleet may count them toward their acquisition requirement by including them in the calculation of the number of AFVs acquired. Exclusion Process.

ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS,ENERGY PLANNING, POLIC↗