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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 217 records · Page 12
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

$J/\psi $-p scattering length from the total and differential photoproduction cross sections

The J/ψ-p scattering length, αJ/ψp, can be extracted from the J/ψ photoproduction cross section near threshold using the Vector Meson Dominance (VMD) model to relate the reaction γp→J/ψp to J/ψp→J/ψp. Such estimates based on experimental data result in values for |αJ/ψp|, which are much lower than most of the theoretical predictions. In this work, we study the relations between the different results, depending on the use of the total or the differential cross sections, and the method of extrapolating the data to threshold in the case of a low-statistics data sample, such as the near threshold J/ψ photoproduction dataset. We estimate a range for |αJ/ψp| of 0.003–0.025 fm as extracted from experimental data within the VMD model and discuss possible reasons for such lower values compared to the theoretical results.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of the total cross section and $\rho$-parameter from elastic scattering in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

In a special run of the LHC with β* = 2.5 km, proton–proton elastic-scattering events were recorded at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with an integrated luminosity of $340$ μb -1 using the ALFA subdetector of ATLAS in 2016. The elastic cross section was measured differentially in the Mandelstam t variable in the range from - t = 2.5 · 10 -4 GeV 2 to - t = 0.46 GeV 2 using 6.9 million elastic-scattering candidates. This paper presents measurements of the total cross section σ tot , parameters of the nuclear slope, and the p -parameter defined as the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic-scattering amplitude in the limit t → 0. These parameters are determined from a fit to the differential elastic cross section using the optical theorem and different parameterizations of the t-dependence. The results for σ tot and p are σ tot (pp → X) = 104.7 ± 1.1 mb, p = 0.098 ± 0.011. The uncertainty in σ tot is dominated by the luminosity measurement, and in p by imperfect knowledge of the detector alignment and by modelling of the nuclear amplitude.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Total Internal Reflection of Two Lasers in a Single Planar Optical Waveguide

Multiplex biomarker quantitation is ideal for tracking the progression of a disease, but sensitive, specific, and quantitative multiplex biosensing remains challenging. We achieved total internal reflection with two lasers in a single planar optical waveguide by coupling 532 nm laser light into the diffraction grating of a waveguide and 635 nm laser light directly into the thin film of the same waveguide. We confirmed that the evanescent fields generated in the waveguide can excite two fluorescent dyes (Alexa Fluor 532 and Alexa Fluor 647) held to the surface of the waveguide through biotin-streptavidin chemistry. This sensing concept holds significant potential as a platform for multiplex biomarker detection.

47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Total internal reflection enabled wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy offers an attractive means for the rapid and simultaneous acquisition of vibrationally resolved images across a large field of view. A major challenge in the implementation lies in how to achieve sufficiently strong excitation fields necessary to drive the third-order optical responses over the large focal region. Here, we report a new wide-field CARS microscope enabled by a total internal reflection excitation scheme using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire oscillator to generate pump and broadband near-infrared Stokes pulses. The spectrally broad Stokes pulse, in combination with its inherent chirp, offers not only access to a wide range of Raman modes spanning ∼ <#comment/> 1000 to ∼ <#comment/> 3500 c m − <#comment/> 1 but also a straightforward means to select vibrational transitions within this range by simply varying the time delay between the pulses. The unique capabilities of this wide-field CARS microscope were validated by acquiring high-quality CARS images from the model and complex biological samples on conventional microscope coverslips.

Doughty, Benjamin (ORCID:0000000164299329)↗
DOE OSTI2020

Total internal reflection enabled wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy offers an attractive means for the rapid and simultaneous acquisition of vibrationally resolved images across a large field of view. A major challenge in the implementation lies in how to achieve sufficiently strong excitation fields necessary to drive the third-order optical responses over the large focal region. Here, we report a new wide-field CARS microscope enabled by a total internal reflection excitation scheme using a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire oscillator to generate pump and broadband near-infrared Stokes pulses. The spectrally broad Stokes pulse, in combination with its inherent chirp, offers not only access to a wide range of Raman modes spanning ${\sim}{1000}$ to ${\sim}{3500}\;{{\rm cm}^{- 1}}$ but also a straightforward means to select vibrational transitions within this range by simply varying the time delay between the pulses. The unique capabilities of this wide-field CARS microscope were validated by acquiring high-quality CARS images from the model and complex biological samples on conventional microscope coverslips.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

tell: a Python package to model future total electricity loads in the United States

The purpose of the Total ELectricity Load (tell) model is to generate 21st century profiles of hourly electricity load (demand) across the Conterminous United States (CONUS). tell loads reflect the impact of climate and socioeconomic change at a spatial and temporal resolution adequate for input to an electricity grid operations model. tell uses machine learning to develop profiles that are driven by projections of climate/meteorology and population. tell also harmonizes its results with United States (U.S.) state-level, annual projections from a national- to global-scale energy-economy model. This model accounts for a wide range of other factors affecting electricity demand, including technology change in the building sector, energy prices, and demand elasticities, which stems from model coupling with the U.S. version of the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM-USA). tell was developed as part of the Integrated Multisector Multiscale Modeling (IM3) project. IM3 explores the vulnerability and resilience of interacting energy, water, land, and urban systems in response to compound stressors, such as climate trends, extreme events, population, urbanization, energy system transitions, and technology change

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Total Residual Radiation Source Term Produced by the Hiroshima Detonation

Residual radiation from a nuclear detonation consists of fission products and activation products produced by the excess neutrons released during the explosion. The ability to accurately predict nuclear fallout begins with a calculation of the residual radiation source term. The intent of this paper is to define the residual radiation source term for the Hiroshima detonation. The calculation was performed using the Livermore Weapon Activation Code (LWAC), which is a simplified three-region model that estimates the residual radiation associated with the fission products, the unburnt fuel, and activation products produced in the weapon components, the surrounding air, and the ground in the vicinity of ground zero. For the Hiroshima detonation, ~1200 radionuclides were produced. A time-dependent solution for the total activity of each of the major residual radiation source terms is provided in the Appendices. In addition, the timedependent exposure rates produced by the activation rings are included in the report.

45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEF↗
DOE OSTI2020

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY20) Appendix B: Segmentation, Defueling, Metallograhic Data and Total Cladding Hydrogen

As a part of the US DOE-NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, ORNL is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (>45 gigawatt days per metric ton uranium) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called the “sister rods,” are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4, low-tin Zircaloy-4, ZIRLO®, and M5®. The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rod’s condition prior to dry storage and are focused on understanding overall SNF rod strength and durability. Both composite fuel and empty cladding are being tested. While the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, a primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and the associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities.This report documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to: rough segmentation, defueling, optical microscopy, and cladding total hydrogen measurements for 7 Phase 1 sister rods and outlines the DE tasks performed and the data collected to date. The results of these detailed examinations and others are summarized in the Sister Rod DE Status Report.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Total Moisture Analysis of Salts by Dissolution

This report discusses recent efforts within TA-48 in developing a robust, defensible, and straightforward procedure for determining the moisture content of alkali and alkaline metal halide salts utilizing a total dissolution Karl-Fischer titration method. Utilizing statistical analysis of blank and dissolved salt samples, we determine a (3 sigma) detection limit of 67 micrograms H 2 O/g salt, and a (10 sigma) quantification limit of 160 micrograms H 2 O/g salt. Several salts are analyzed, and suggestions for future efforts are given.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY2021) Appendix B: Segmentation, Defueling, Metallographic Data and Total Cladding Hydrogen

As a part of the DOE-NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin (LT) Zirc-4, ZIRLO®, and M5®. Appendix B provides detailed information regarding defueling activities, metallographic imaging and measurements, and total cladding hydrogen measurements.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Measurement of Total, Elemental, and Methyl Mercury in Hanford Tank Waste: Technology Transfer from PNNL to Hanford 222-S Laboratory

This report describes the chemical separations used to measure the amount and chemical form of mercury in Hanford tank waste and provides the technical basis and recommendations for transferring and implementing this new ultra-trace mercury analytical technique at Hanford’s 222-S Laboratory. In the Hanford tank waste, mercury can exist as either elemental, inorganic, or organic mercury species. Of key interest is understanding the quantification and speciation of total (elemental + inorganic + organic), elemental, and organic (assumed to be only methyl mercury) mercury. The tanks may also have other organic mercury species, but their direct measurement is outside the scope of this report.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
DOE OSTI2023

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY22) Appendix B: Segmentation, Defueling, Metallographic Data and Total Cladding Hydrogen

This report documents work performed under the Spent Fuel and Waste Disposition’s Spent Fuel and Waste Science and Technology program for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy (NE). This work was performed to fulfill Level 2 Milestone M2SF-23OR010201024, “FY22 Report on ORNL Sibling Rod Testing Results,” within work package SF-23OR01020102 and is an update to the work reported in M2SF-22OR010201047, M2SF-21OR010201032, M2SF-19ORO010201026, and M2SF 19OR010201028. As a part of the DOE-NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin (LT) Zirc-4, ZIRLO ® , and M5 ® . Appendix B provides detailed information regarding defueling activities, metallographic imaging and measurements, and total cladding hydrogen measurements.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Clear-Sky Probability for the 2023 Annular Solar Eclipse and the 2024 Total Solar Eclipse Using the NREL National Solar Radiation Database

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and collaborators have created a clear-sky probability analysis to help guide viewers to the 2023 annular solar eclipse and the 2024 total solar eclipse. Using cloud and solar data from the NREL National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB), the analysis provides cloudless-sky probabilities specific to the date, time, and location of each eclipse with a 4-km resolution. Though not intended to be an eclipse weather forecast, the detailed maps can help guide eclipse enthusiasts to likely optimal viewing locations. Additionally, high-resolution data are presented for the centerline of the path of each eclipse, representing the likelihood for cloudless skies and atmospheric clarity. The NSRDB provides industry, academia, and other stakeholders with high-resolution solar irradiance data to support feasibility analyses for photovoltaic and concentrating solar power generation projects.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Enhancing grid reliability and resilience through novel DER control, total situational awareness and integrated distribution-transmission representation

High penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) can lead to overvoltage and thermal violations, miscoordination of protection devices and potential adverse control interactions. The challenges are exacerbated by a lack of operator situational awareness of behind-the-meter DERs, and T&D interactions. Furthermore, the large attack surface of a DER environment creates significant cyber security challenges. The motivation is to address these barriers. The main goal is to enable extreme levels of DERs in distribution systems while simultaneously enhancing their reliability and resiliency. This is achieved by a data-driven approach for operation, planning and control of distribution systems with total situational awareness and real-time DER control enabled by a network of edge intelligent devices, a cloud-based analytical platform, and secure communications.

14 SOLAR ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Qualitative Conditions for Reasonable Estimates of Kerma Using Total and Kerma Cross Section Attenuation of Photons

Performing a full adjoint simulation in the Integrated Tiger Series (ITS) can be time consuming to obtain statistically significant results. The ray-trace capability in ITS allows for rapid scoping calculations of the uncollided kerma from photon sources without needing to run a full adjoint simulation. However, the uncollided estimate will always underestimate the full-physics kerma since it neglects scattered radiation, and under certain conditions, the result from the capability may not provide a sufficiently accurate estimate of the full-physics kerma. To exemplify the conditions in which the capability provides reasonable estimates, two problem geometries with different materials are simulated using the full adjoint capability as well as the ray-trace capability with a total cross section treatment and a new kerma-attenuation cross-section treatment. The results are then compared to show under which conditions the estimates are accurate. Reasonable estimates are provided from the ray-trace feature when there is minimal scattering into a region of interest occurring, such as with low-Z material and when the photons travel through small amounts of material.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Sister Rod Destructive Examinations (FY23) Appendix B: Segmentation, Defueling, Metallographic Data and Total Cladding Hydrogen

As a part of the DOE-NE High Burnup Spent Fuel Data Project, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is performing destructive examinations (DEs) of high burnup (HBU) (>45 GWd/MTU) spent nuclear fuel (SNF) rods from the North Anna Nuclear Power Station operated by Dominion Energy. The SNF rods, called sister rods or sibling rods are all HBU and include four different kinds of fuel rod cladding: standard Zircaloy-4 (Zirc-4), low-tin (LT) Zirc-4, ZIRLO ® , and M5 ® . The DEs are being conducted to obtain a baseline of the HBU rod’s condition before dry storage and are focused on understanding overall SNF rod strength and durability. Both composite fuel and defueled cladding will be tested to derive material properties. Although the data generated can be used for multiple purposes, one primary goal for obtaining the post-irradiation examination data and associated measured mechanical properties is to support SNF dry storage licensing and relicensing activities by (1) addressing identified knowledge gaps and (2) enhancing the technical basis for post-storage transportation, handling, and subsequent disposition of the SNF. This report documents the status of the ORNL Phase 1 DE activities related to: Rough segmentation (RS), Defueling (DEF), DE.02 optical microscopy (MET), and DE.03, cladding total hydrogen measurements. It is a cumulative update to the FY22 status report.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗