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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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NASA NTRS2004

Collaborative Planning of Robotic Exploration

The Science Activity Planner (SAP) software system includes an uplink-planning component, which enables collaborative planning of activities to be undertaken by an exploratory robot on a remote planet or on Earth. Included in the uplink-planning component is the SAP-Uplink Browser, which enables users to load multiple spacecraft activity plans into a single window, compare them, and merge them. The uplink-planning component includes a subcomponent that implements the Rover Markup Language Activity Planning format (RML-AP), based on the Extensible Markup Language (XML) format that enables the representation, within a single document, of planned spacecraft and robotic activities together with the scientific reasons for the activities. Each such document is highly parseable and can be validated easily. Another subcomponent of the uplink-planning component is the Activity Dictionary Markup Language (ADML), which eliminates the need for two mission activity dictionaries - one in a human-readable format and one in a machine-readable format. Style sheets that have been developed along with the ADML format enable users to edit one dictionary in a user-friendly environment without compromising

Norris, Jeffrey↗

NASA NTRS2001

The Development of the TRMM Mission and the Reasons for its Scientific Success

A short history of the development of the TRMM mission will be described focusing on the development of the science requirements, the close collaboration between the U.S. and Japan, and the technological and scientific success of the mission. The initial TRMM science workshop was held in 1986 and with the science requirements derived from that start a set of instruments were developed to measure tropical precipitation for the first mission with that parameter as the principal focus. Implementation of the mission concept was carried out by through close cooperation between U.S. and Japanese scientists, engineers and managers. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) has now completed three years in orbit. A short summary of research highlights will be presented and these successes will be traced back to the scientific and programmatic approaches used to develop and manage the mission. Plans for a Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) based on the successful approach used for TRMM will also be outlined.

Kakar, Ramesh↗

DOE OSTI2022

Improving future travel demand projections: a pathway with an open science interdisciplinary approach

Transport accounts for 24% of global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels. Governments face challenges in developing feasible and equitable mitigation strategies to reduce energy consumption and manage the transition to low-carbon transport systems. To meet the local and global transport emission reduction targets, policymakers need more realistic/sophisticated future projections of transport demand to better understand the speed and depth of the actions required to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we argue that the lack of access to high-quality data on the current and historical travel demand and interdisciplinary research hinders transport planning and sustainable transitions toward low-carbon transport futures. We call for a greater interdisciplinary collaboration agenda across open data, data science, behaviour modelling, and policy analysis. These advancemets can reduce some of the major uncertainties and contribute to evidence-based solutions toward improving the sustainability performance of future transport systems. The paper also points to some needed efforts and directions to provide robust insights to policymakers. We provide examples of how these efforts could benefit from the International Transport Energy Modeling Open Data project and open science interdisciplinary collaborations.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗

DOE OSTI2022

LaserNetUS Collaboration Network—University of Rochester (Final Report)

LaserNetUS Collaborative Network established in 2018 is a network of high-power laser facilities supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) and operating effectively as a user facility. Its mission is to advance and promote intense laser science and applications by providing scientists and students with broad access to unique facilities and enabling technologies, advancing the frontiers of laser-science research, and fostering collaboration among researchers and networks from around the world. Users who submit proposals through an annual call are selected by an external and independent proposal review panel (PRP) not involving personnel from any of the facilities. Besides the Omega Laser Facility at the University of Rochester’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (UR/LLE), the network during this project period includes high-intensity laser facilities from six other universities and three national laboratories, namely, the Colorado State University (CSU), the University of Michigan (UM), the University of Nebraska at Lincoln (UNL), The Ohio State University (OSU), Université du Québec, the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), respectively. The network facilities span a wide range in laser pulse energy, pulse duration, repetition rate, and experimental diagnostic equipment enabling innovative research in a variety of exciting areas. Details of the LaserNetUS facilities, organization and committees, events, and accomplishments can be found at the network website (https://lasernetus.org/). A very important role that the LaserNetUS fulfills is the training of students and young scientists who will be key for the future development of laser-plasma science and high-power laser technology itself. The network provides these students not only with access to the most advanced instrumentation and laser facilities, but also the opportunities to interact and collaborate with students from other institutions and with a large group of experienced scientists. As the largest university-based laser users’ facility in the world, the Omega Laser Facility at the UR/LLE has served the high-energy-density physics (HEDP) and inertial fusion science community for nearly 40 years. The multi-beam multi-kJ OMEGA EP Laser System brings unique capabilities to the LaserNetUS network. The combination of high intensity and high energy in short- and long-pulse operation together with solid or gas-jet targets and externally applied magnetic fields provides users a wide domain of experimental conditions. This award provides a total of eight shot days on OMEGA EP for LaserNetUS users. During the award period of performance (June 2019–November 2021), seven teams have fully utilized the eight shot days for their unique science experiments on OMEGA EP with a total of 83 target shots. These experiments involve 13 graduate students, two undergraduate students and six postdoctoral researchers. Results have been widely disseminated at international conferences including LaserNetUS annual meeting (~20 presentations including three invited), and in peer-reviewed journal publications (three published with several manuscripts in preparation).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

ASCR@40: Four Decades of Department of Energy Leadership in Advanced Scientific Computing Research

Throughout its long history, the Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR) has built the critical technologies to ensure U.S. leadership in energy science and national security. It has made its parent agency, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its Office of Science, the world’s recognized leader in computational science. ASCR’s stated mission is “to discover, develop, and deploy computational and networking capabilities to analyze, model, simulate, and predict complex phenomena important to the DOE.” To accomplish this goal, ASCR oversees a large complex of computing and networking facilities and is responsible for procuring, deploying and operating high-performance computing (HPC), networking and storage resources; conducting basic research in mathematics and computer science; developing and sustaining a large body of software; and collaborating with other Office of Science programs, academia and industry. ASCR’s computational science leadership has a long history, predating even DOE’s inception. Applied mathematics and advanced computing were both elements of the Manhattan Project’s Theoretical Division. In the 1950s, DOE’s predecessor, the Atomic Energy Commission, created a mathematics program to develop and apply digital computing by supporting researchers at universities and AEC laboratories. Several organizational and name changes later, this program would grow and become ASCR.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

NASA NTRS2003

Technical Education Outreach in Materials Science and Technology Based on NASA's Materials Research

The grant NAG-1 -2125, Technical Education Outreach in Materials Science and Technology, based on NASA s Materials Research, involves collaborative effort among the National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC), Norfolk State University (NSU), national research centers, private industry, technical societies, colleges and universities. The collaboration aims to strengthen math, science and technology education by providing outreach related to materials science and technology (MST). The goal of the project is to transfer new developments from LaRC s Center for Excellence for Structures and Materials and other NASA materials research into technical education across the nation to provide educational outreach and strengthen technical education. To achieve this goal we are employing two main strategies: 1) development of the gateway website and 2) using the National Educators Workshop: Update in Engineering Materials, Science and Technology (NEW:Updates). We have also participated in a number of national projects, presented talks at technical meetings and published articles aimed at improving k-12 technical education. Through the three years of this project the NSU team developed the successful MST-Online site and continued to upgrade and update it as our limited resources permitted. Three annual NEW:Updates conducted from 2000 though 2002 overcame the challenges presented first by the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks and the slow U.S. economy and still managed to conduct very effective workshops and expand our outreach efforts. Plans began on NEW:Update 2003 to be hosted by NASA Langley as a part of the celebration of the Centennial of Controlled Flight.

Jacobs, James A.↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Transforming NASA Earth Science Data Systems: A Journey from Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI) to Open-Source Science Initiative (OSSI)

NASA's Earth Science Data and Information Systems (ESDIS) have undergone a significant evolution, particularly with the introduction of the Big Earth Data Initiative (BEDI) and the Open-Source Science Initiative (OSSI). In this talk, I will provide an overview of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information systems, highlighting key components such as EOSDIS, ESDIS, and ESDS. Moving forward, I will delve into the BEDI initiative, discussing its objectives, key players, and lessons learned. The second part of the talk will cover the OSSI initiative, exploring its objectives, strategy, and innovative solutions. Throughout the presentation, I will provide insights into the requests, strategies, and solutions behind both BEDI and OSSI. By the end, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of how NASA's Earth Science Data Systems have evolved over the years and witness the organization's commitment to advancing an open-source and collaborative approach to data science. Join me for an enlightening exploration into the future of Earth science data and the pivotal role played by NASA in shaping this transformative landscape.

Jennifer Wei↗

DOE OSTI2023

Dynamic Network Analysis of Nuclear Science Literature for Research Influence Assessment

Analyzing nuclear science literature via data-driven methods is a critical step for assessing research influence and technology advancements. Indicators of scholarly activities may be buried in large volumes of nuclear research publications and collaboration networks over time. Mining for relevant scholarly influence trends in large volumes of text can be computationally challenging; however, open-source information on research collaborations over time can offer opportunities to extract meaningful insights. While network centrality analysis of scholarly research provides topology-based insights, additional emphasis on dynamics associated with the diffusion of information through these networks is important. Here this paper represents a step in that direction through the development of a novel dynamic network analysis framework and computational engine to identify key entities and capabilities over time within global scholarly nuclear science collaboration networks. Network theoretic, stochastic simulation, and optimization methods are leveraged to address variability in scholarly interactions, influence propagation, and collaboration patterns via network connections. A topic-aware influence maximization algorithm is developed to address the goal of identifying key influential authors in diverse research topics over time. Efficient parallelized implementation of the algorithm is applied to reduce computational costs. A proof-of-concept case study using open-source Scopus data with 33,517 published nuclear research papers from 2000-2019 is presented and representative analytic insights are generated. Broad implications of these insights are discussed and future research directions are also identified.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗

DOE OSTI2026

LaserNetUS: A Proposal to Advance North America’s First High Intensity Laser Research Network Final Report

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2023

Genomes to Structure and Function Workshop Report 2022

The goal of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program is to achieve a predictive understanding of complex biological, earth, and environmental systems with the aim of advancing the nation’s energy and infrastructure security. (https://www.energy.gov/science/ ber/biological-and-environmental-research). To pursue this goal, collaborations among experts in diverse research areas that lead to multidisciplinary projects are indispensable. The roles of DOE’s User Facilities, which offer unique and powerful resources for such research projects, are evolving, and expectations for the facilities are increasing. To respond to Users’ needs, the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) initiated the Facilities Integrating Collaborations for User Science (FICUS) program in 2014. This collaboration has grown into a popular and successful program, advancing more than 100 multidisciplinary projects to date. Similarly, the new interFacility collaborations among the JGI, EMSL, and User resources for BER structural biology and imaging at the Basic Energy Science (BES) Program’s synchrotron and neutron facilities are becoming essential for cutting-edge transdisciplinary science. To further explore the need for the BER research community to combine genomic, functional, and structural approaches to advance their research, an organizing committee was formed to develop and jointly host a 3-part workshop. The committee’s members represented seven DOE National Laboratory User Facilities (Appendix 1 lists the members). The “Genomes to Structure and Function” virtual workshop (see Appendices 2–5) was composed of three sessions. The first session, titled “Molecular Structures” (October 27– 28, 2021), highlighted diverse integrative experimental and computational approaches correlating structural data with sequencing and functional information, as well as predicting protein structures to model complex biological systems. The second session, “Intracellular Organization, and Material Synthesis and Decomposition” (December 15–16, 2021), covered imaging methods for observing, quantifying, and manipulating biosystems. The third session, “Imaging the Rhizosphere and Cellular Organization” (January 26–27, 2022) emphasized advanced and non-invasive imaging techniques applied to plant root-microbe-soil interactions.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

NASA NTRS2008

Overview of 2008 Outer Planet Flagship Studies

This slide presentation reviews the process involved in the Phase-2 studies for the next Outer Planets Flagship (OPF). These studies will be a cooperative effort with ESA and JAXA in partnership with NASA. The annoucement of oppurtunity (AO) for the science instruments and the launch approval/planetary protection processes are reviewed. There is also discussion about capturing relevant lessons from the Cassini team, supporting international collaboration, and support for science definition teams. Some mission specific tasks are also reviewed, for the three missions being proposed: (1) Europa Explorer, (2) Jupiter System Observer and (3) Titan Explorer. A timeline for the studies is also included.

outer planets↗

NASA NTRS1990

International programs - A growing trend

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has collaborated successfully in space science missions with a multiplicity of partners, including the European Space Agency, Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, Japan, and the Soviet Union, among others. These collaborations generally arise out of common scientific goals and in the interest of economizing to take advantage of skills and capabilities among the partners. A trend towards increased cooperation in space is expected to continue as the global scientific community works together to plan future space science missions and the missions become more sophisticated.

Bunner, A. N.↗

DOE OSTI2022

Can Li: A Career in Catalysis

Prof. Can Li is distinguished for his seminal achievements in fundamental and applied researches in catalysis, especially in advancing the characterization of catalysts and catalytic reactions related to solar energy conversion and fine chemical synthesis. The scope of his research is wide ranging, and he is leading some of the fields. This account highlights his major scientific achievements in advancing the fundamental sciences of characterizing catalysts and understanding the mechanisms of catalytic reactions by developing in situ spectroscopic techniques (e.g., infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), Raman, space- and time-resolved spectroscopies and photoelectric imaging), and applying the obtained knowledge in the rational design and synthesis of catalysts for practical applications in photocatalytic, electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting and CO 2 reduction, chiral synthesis in nanoreactors and ultradeep desulfurization of fuels, and fine chemical synthesis. In particular, his demonstration of the kiloton scale solar fuel production project will be introduced as a successful model for converting fundamental science into practical and impactful applications to convert CO 2 and water into solar fuels. This account also highlights his services to the catalysis communities and international collaborations for promoting catalysis science worldwide.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

NASA NTRS2003

Scientific Visualization & Modeling for Earth Systems Science Education

Providing research experiences for undergraduate students in Earth Systems Science (ESS) poses several challenges at smaller academic institutions that might lack dedicated resources for this area of study. This paper describes the development of an innovative model that involves students with majors in diverse scientific disciplines in authentic ESS research. In studying global climate change, experts typically use scientific visualization techniques applied to remote sensing data collected by satellites. In particular, many problems related to environmental phenomena can be quantitatively addressed by investigations based on datasets related to the scientific endeavours such as the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE). Working with data products stored at NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers, visualization software specifically designed for students and an advanced, immersive Virtual Reality (VR) environment, students engage in guided research projects during a structured 6-week summer program. Over the 5-year span, this program has afforded the opportunity for students majoring in biology, chemistry, mathematics, computer science, physics, engineering and science education to work collaboratively in teams on research projects that emphasize the use of scientific visualization in studying the environment. Recently, a hands-on component has been added through science student partnerships with school-teachers in data collection and reporting for the GLOBE Program (GLobal Observations to Benefit the Environment).

Chaudhury, S. Raj↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

DAAC Collaboration Overview for AGU

The Atmospheric Science Data Center (ASDC), Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Systems Center (GES DISC), Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Land Processes DAAC, Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF), as well as NASA Global Imagery Browse Service (GIBS), Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) Geographic Information Systems Team (EGIST), Earthdata Content Delivery Team, ArcGIS Online Governance Team, and the Systematic Data Transformation ACCESS team have come together to establish the ArcGIS DAAC Collaboration. This coalition of participants will demonstrate their use of the ArcGIS Enterprise to support Earth science research, applied science, and outreach using Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) data. This includes the use of web services to fuse data products across space and time through services (e.g. ArcGIS Image Services, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Web Coverage Service (WCS), and OGC Web Mapping Services (WMS)) for analysis in Jupyter notebooks, desktop tools, and web based applications.

Matthew Steven Tisdale↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

GeoNEX: A Geostationary Earth Observatory

The latest generation of geostationary satellites (Himawari 8/9, GOES-16/17, FY-4, GK-2A) carries sensors that closely mimic the spatial and spectral characteristics of widely used polar-orbiting, global monitoring sensors such as MODIS and VIIRS. When combined, data from various currently operating/planned geostationary platforms provide a geo-ring of hyper-temporal (5-10 minutes), multispectral observations at spatial resolutions as high as 500 m. These high frequency observations offer exciting new possibilities for monitoring our planet, including better retrievals of geophysical variables by overcoming cloud cover, enabling studies of diurnally varying phenomena in the atmosphere, land, and the oceans, and support operational decision-making in agriculture, hydrology and disaster management. The NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) team, in collaboration with scientists from JAXA, KARI, NOAA and other international institutions, created the GeoNEX (www.nasa.gov/geonex) pipeline to integrate data from all available geostationary platforms and produce and distribute spatially, temporally, and radiometrically consistent data for the earth science community. We envision various institutions adapting the Geo component (e.g., GeoNOAA, GeoKARI, GeoChiba, GeoJAXA, GeoCMA) and customizing the pipeline and downstream products to serve the local/regional research and applied science communities. To facilitate collaborative work among the partners, we have established the OpenNEX platform on the public cloud. OpenNEX provides researchers, developers, educators, and ordinary users with easy access to an integrated Earth science computational and data platform, enabling citizen scientists and application developers to realize the full value of GeoNEX data assets and software tools.

GeoNEX↗

NASA NTRS2009

Utilizing Remote Sensing Data to Ascertain Soil Moisture Applications and Air Quality Conditions

Recognizing the significance of NASA remote sensing Earth science data in monitoring and better understanding our planet's natural environment, NASA Earth Applied Sciences has implemented the 'Decision Support Through Earth Science Research Results' program. Several applications support systems through collaborations with benefiting organizations have been implemented. The Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) has participated in this program on two projects (one complete, one ongoing), and has had opportune ad hoc collaborations utilizing NASA Earth science data. GES DISC's understanding of Earth science missions and resulting data and information enables the GES DISC to identify challenges that come with bringing science data to research applications. In this presentation we describe applications research projects utilizing NASA Earth science data and a variety of resulting GES DISC applications support system project experiences. In addition, defining metrics that really evaluate success will be exemplified.

Leptoukh, Gregory↗

NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Infusion of AI/ML Technology into Operational NASA Data Systems

NASA has been developing a variety of Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning technologies related to Earth Observations. In most cases, the full value of such a technology is realized when it is infused into an operational system. NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems program has been formulating repeatable methods to execute technology infusion. These efforts include the Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) program, a Technology Infusion Playbook, and an assemblage of working groups investigating methods for infusion collaboration, community development, and capacity building. ESDS has also been executing a pathfinder activity to infuse a machine-learning-driven recommender of science keywords for Earth Observation datasets, which is intended to be used for metadata curation in the Earth Observation System Data and Information System.

C Lynnes↗