Some Notes on the Effects of Jet-Exit Design on Static Longitudinal Stability
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ENGINES, JET↗
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Comparison Between Predicted and Experimentally Measured Flow Fields at the Exit of the SSME HPFTP Impeller
Validation of CFD codes is a critical first step in the process of developing CFD design capability. The MSFC Pump Technology Team has recognized the importance of validation and has thus funded several experimental programs designed to obtain CFD quality validation data. The first data set to become available is for the SSME High Pressure Fuel Turbopump Impeller. LDV Data was taken at the impeller inlet (to obtain a reliable inlet boundary condition) and three radial positions at the impeller discharge. Our CFD code, TASCflow, is used within the Propulsion and Commercial Pump industry as a tool for pump design. The objective of this work, therefore, is to further validate TASCflow for application in pump design. TASCflow was used to predict flow at the impeller discharge for flowrates of 80, 100 and 115 percent of design flow. Comparison to data has been made with encouraging results.
Bache, George↗
Estimated Performance of Radial-Flow Exit Nozzles for Air in Chemical Equilibrium
The thrust, boundary-layer, and heat-transfer characteristics were computed for nozzles having radial flow in the divergent part. The working medium was air in chemical equilibrium, and the boundary layer was assumed to be all turbulent. Stagnation pressure was varied from 1 to 32 atmospheres, stagnation temperature from 1000 to 6000 R, and wall temperature from 1000 to 3000 R. Design pressure ratio was varied from 5 to 320, and operating pressure ratio was varied from 0.25 to 8 times the design pressure ratio. Results were generalized independent of divergence angle and were also generalized independent of stagnation pressure in the temperature range of 1000 to 3000 R. A means of determining the aerodynamically optimum wall angle is provided.
Englert, Gerald W.↗
Development of UV Optical Measurements of Nitric Oxide and Hydroxyl Radical at the Exit of High Pressure Gas Turbine Combustors
Measurements of nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyl radical (OR) have been made in a laboratory flat flame at pressures up to 30 atm using line-of-sight resonant absorption. Data are reported at equivalence ratios of 0.98 and 1.3 and pressures of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 atm. The performance of the in-situ LTV absorption technique with assessed at these elevated pressures by comparing the measured absorption with those predicted by detailed theoretical spectroscopic models for NO and OH. Previous to this experiment the resonant models had not been verified at pressures greater than two atmospheres. Agreement within 25% was found between the measurements and predictions with only slight modification of the existing models for both NO and OH to account for line center shifting and pressure broadening. Continuum interference of hot oxygen (O2) on the NO absorption spectra was not significant in the interpretation of the data. The optical methods used in this study are distinct from laser-based diagnostics such as laser induced fluorescence and, hence, have the potential to provide independent verification of the laser-based measurements. The methodology is also of sufficient simplicity to be hardened into a portable optical measurement system that can be deployed in gas turbine engine test cells. A miniature fiber optic couple portable instrument is described.
Liscinsky, D. S.↗
Simple Forest Canopy Thermal Exitance Model
We describe a model to calculate brightness temperature and surface energy balance for a forest canopy system. The model is an extension of an earlier vegetation only model by inclusion of a simple soil layer. The root mean square error in brightness temperature for a dense forest canopy was 2.5 C. Surface energy balance predictions were also in good agreement. The corresponding root mean square errors for net radiation, latent, and sensible heat were 38.9, 30.7, and 41.4 W/sq m respectively.
Smith J. A.↗
Modulation of Cloud Optical Properties by Vertical Circulations Associated with a Jet Streak Exit Region: The November 26 FIRE Cirrus Case Study
The period from 18 UTC 26 November 1991 to roughly 23 UTC 26 November 1991 has become a focal case study of the FIRE (First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Regional Experiment) Cirrus-11 field campaign. The middle and upper tropospheric cloud data that were collected have allowed FIRE scientists to learn a great deal about the morphological structure and microphysical and radiative characteristics of the mid-latitude cirrus that occurred during that time. An important component of this effort in determining the synoptic scale forcing that existed during this time. By forcing, we mean the coupling between the background vertical air motions and the large scale moisture budget that initiated and maintained cirrus cloud in the study region. Defining the synoptic scale forcing is one of the stated scientific objectives of the FIRE program.
Mace, Gerald G.↗
STS-41 Ulysses Breakfast, Suit-up, C-7 Exit, Launch and ISOS Cam Views
Live footage shows the crewmembers of STS-41, Commander Richard N. Richards, Pilot Robert D. Cabana, Mission Specialists William M. Shepherd, Bruce E. Melnick, and Thomas D. Akers, participating in the traditional activities the day of their flight. The crew are seen eating breakfast, suiting-up, walking out to the Astronaut-Van, putting on life vests in the 'White Room' area, and entering the crew module of the Discovery Orbiter. Footage also includes preparation of the Ulysses Payload. Engineers are seen loading Ulysses to the upper stage, transferring Discovery to an upright position, bolting Discovery to the external tank, rolling Discovery out to the launch pad, and finally installing the Ulysses Payload inside Discovery. Also shown are both night and morning panoramic shots of the shuttle on the pad, main engine start, ignition, liftoff, booster separation, and various camera views of the launch.
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STS-53 TCDT O&C Exit
Footage shows the crew of STS-53 (Commander David M. Walker, Pilot Robert D. Cabana, and Mission Specialists Guion S. Bluford, James S. Voss, and Michael R. Clifford) leaving the Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building during the Terminal Countdown and Demonstration Test (TCDT).
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Studies of Accelerations in Manned Vehicles During Exit and Reentry Flight
Several experiments with human centrifugation are shown with subjects wearing different flight suits.
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Comparison of Three Exit-Area Control Devices on an N.A.C.A. Cowling, Special Report
Adjustable cowling flaps, an adjustable-length cowling skirt, and a bottom opening with adjustable flap were tested as means of controlling the rate of cooling-air flow through an air-cooled radial-engine cowling. The devices were tested in the NACA 20-foot tunnel on a model wing-nacelle-propeller combination, through an airspeed range of 20 to 80 miles per hour, and with the propeller blade angle set 23 degrees at 0.75 of the tip radius. The resistance of the engine to air flow through the cowling was simulated by a perforated plate. The results indicated that the adjustable cowling flap and the bottom opening with adjustable flap were about equally effective on the basis of pressure drop obtainable and that both were more effective means of increasing the pressure drop through the cowling than the adjustable-length skirt. At conditions of equal cooling-air flow, the net efficiency obtained with the adjustable cowling flaps and the adjustable-length cowling skirt was about 1% greater than the net efficiency obtained with the bottom opening with adjustable flap.
McHugh, James G.↗
OTF CCSDS Mission Operations Prototype. Directory and Action Service. Phase I: Exit Presentation
This slide presentation describes the phase I directory and action service prototype for the CCSDS system. The project goals are to: (1) Demonstrate the use of Mission Operations standards to implement Directory and Action Services (2) Investigate Mission Operations language neutrality (3) Investigate C3I XML interoperability concepts (4) Integrate applicable open source technologies in a Service Oriented Architecture
Reynolds, Walter F.↗
OTF CCSDS Mission Operations Prototype Parameter Service. Phase I: Exit Presentation
This slide presentation reviews the prototype of phase 1 of the parameter service design of the CCSDS mission operations. The project goals are to: (1) Demonstrate the use of Mission Operations standards to implement the Parameter Service (2) Demonstrate interoperability between Houston MCC and a CCSDS Mission Operations compliant mission operations center (3) Utilize Mission Operations Common Architecture. THe parameter service design, interfaces, and structures are described.
Reynolds, Walter F.↗
Exit Presentation -- Maintaining Balance
This slide presentation reviews the projects which the author engaged in during an internship at Johnson Space Center. Project 1 was involved with Stochastic Resonance (SR). Stochastic resonance is a phenomenon in which the response of a non-linear system to a weak input signal is optimized by the presence of a particular non-zero level of noise. The goal of this project was to develop a countermeasure for sensorimotor disturbances that are experienced after long duration space flight. The second project was a pilot study that was to examine how adaptation to a novel functional task was affected by postural disturbance.
Heap, Erin↗
Exit Presentation: Infrared Thermography on Graphite/Epoxy
This slide presentation reports on the internship project that was accomplished during the summer of 2010. The objectives of the project were to: (1) Simulate Flash Thermography on Graphite/Epoxy Flat Bottom hole Specimen and thin void specimens, (2) Obtain Flash Thermography data on Graphite/Epoxy flat bottom hole specimens, (3) Compare experimental results with simulation results, Compare Flat Bottom Hole Simulation with Thin Void Simulation to create a graph to determine size of IR Thermography detected defects
Comeaux, Kayla↗
[NASA Johnson Space Center Co-Op Student, David Juge, Exit Presentation]
My primary tasks for my second tour here at JSC were working with an Augmented Reality Project and also constructing a Dodecahedron Speaker.
Juge, David J.↗