Nonlinear acoustic theory for rigid porous materials
Development of nonlinear acoustic theory for rigid porous materials and concept of temporal impedance operator
Parrott, T. L.↗
SEARCH · Search NASA
Results for “Materials Development”
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Towards Thermomechanical Processing of Alloy 709: Progress in Defining High-Temperature Deformation-Recrystallization "Space"
The Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) Program has established a multi-year plan to develop Alloy 709 advanced stainless steel, generate the data package and develop material-specific design parameters in qualifying it as a new structural material for Class A construction in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 5, High Temperature Reactors (ASME 2025). In collaboration with material vendors, the Advanced Materials Development activities under ART have successfully scaled the Alloy 709 plate form production from a laboratory heat of 500 pounds to commercial heats totaling 133,000 pounds of Alloy 709 plate fabricated from three heats. The goal of the overall Alloy 709 development program is to establish the necessary microstructural and mechanical properties relationship for Alloy 709 to ultimately develop fabrication parameters for other product forms such as bars, pipes, and forgings using the available ART Alloy 709 materials. This study will enable its deployment in the industry as an advanced construction material for high-temperature components. The objective of this Alloy 709 development work in FY 2025 is to experimentally determine the high-temperature deformation-recrystallization response of the Alloy 709 heats and to experimentally generate true stress-true strain data for Alloy 709 using the available commercial heat plate materials. Integral to this work is the previous characterization of the as-rolled materials and the determination of an effective solution-annealing process, which was reported in Y. Wang et al., 2023, and the evaluation of the effect of controlled cooling on the resultant precipitation in these commercial heats. This report summarizes and builds on the results of the previous reports to assess the high-temperature deformation behavior as a function of deformation temperature, strain and strain rate using commercial Alloy 709 heat 58776-3RB fabricated by G. O. Carlson and heat 529900-02 fabricated by Allegheny Technologies Incorporated (ATI) Specialty Rolled Products.
11 - NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
The Role of Machine Learning in the Understanding and Design of Materials
Developing algorithmic approaches for the rational design and discovery of materials can enable us to systematically find novel materials, which can have huge technological and social impact. However, such rational design requires a holistic perspective over the full multistage design process, which involves exploring immense materials spaces, their properties, and process design and engineering as well as a techno-economic assessment. The complexity of exploring all of these options using conventional scientific approaches seems intractable. Instead, novel tools from the field of machine learning can potentially solve some of our challenges on the way to rational materials design. Here we review some of the chief advancements of these methods and their applications in rational materials design, followed by a discussion on some of the main challenges and opportunities we currently face together with our perspective on the future of rational materials design and discovery.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
ATF material model development and validation for priority fuel concepts
Development, implementation, and validation of material and behavior models for accident tolerant fuel (ATF) concepts in the Bison fuel performance code began in 2014 in response to the events that occurred at the Fukushima Daichii nuclear power plant in March 2011. Early on the focus was on U 3 Si 2 fuel and FeCrAl cladding as part of a high impact problem through the Nuclear Energy and Advanced Modeling Simulation (NEAMS) program. Then, developments for Cr 2 O 3 -doped UO 2 fuel, and SiC-SiC and Cr-coated zirconium-based claddings began based upon industry interests. In late fiscal year 2018 the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) took over further ATF work in Bison in support of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) engagement. Discussions with the NRC identified their list of priority fuel and cladding concepts, which included Cr 2 O 3 -doped UO 2 and U 3 Si 2 fuels, and Cr-coated zirconium-based and FeCrAl claddings. In particular, the NRC suggested that reports similar in form to NUREG/CR-7024 [1] that was developed for traditional LWR materials UO 2 and zirconium-based claddings (i.e., Zircaloy-4, M5®, ZIRLO) be created for the priority ATF concepts. The approach to ATF capability development in Bison since the beginning has been two-fold: (1) empirical correlations and (2) multiscale model development. Both approaches have uncertainty inherent to them. Uncertainty in empirical correlations is bounded by the experimental data upon which with the correlation was developed. Models developed through a multiscale approach have uncertainty associated with the lower length scale calculations and input parameters that must be propagated to the engineering scale model in Bison. In this report, the recommended models, their range of applicability (e.g., temperature, burnup), and associated uncertainty for the NRC priority fuel concepts Cr 2 O 3 -doped UO 2 and U 3 Si 2 are presented in a manner similar to the aforementioned NUREG. In addition, the Cr 2 O 3 -doped UO 2 models are validated to the Halden Reactor tess IFA-677.1 rods 1 and 5 and IFA-716.1 rod 1. For U 3 Si 2 the models are validated to the recent post-irradiation examination (PIE) data ATF-13 and ATF-15 rods that were irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Laboratory. Finally, an uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis (SA) is completed on a single rod for each fuel concept that takes into account the defined uncertainty in select models. The results of the UQ and SA analyses indicate that given the large uncertainty in some of the input ATF models that the uncertainty on the Bison predictions of fuel performance metrics of interest bound the available experimental data. Correlation coefficients are also reported that identified the uncertain inputs with the strongest correlation (positive or negative) with the outputs of interest. Fuel performance metrics investigated include fuel elongation, rod internal pressure, fuel centerline temperature, and fission gas release.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
ATF material model development and validation for priority cladding concepts
Development, implementation, and validation of material and behavior models for accident tolerant fuel (ATF) concepts in the Bison fuel performance code began in 2014 in response to the events that occurred at the Fukushima Daichii nuclear power plant in March 2011. Early on the focus was on U 3 Si 2 fuel and FeCrAl cladding as part of a high impact problem through the Nuclear Energy and Advanced Modeling Simulation (NEAMS) program. Then, developments for Cr 2 O 3 -doped UO 2 fuel, and SiC-SiC and Cr-coated zirconium-based claddings began based upon industry interests. In late fiscal year 2018 the Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) took over further ATF work in Bison in support of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) engagement. Discussions with the NRC identified their list of priority fuel and cladding concepts, which included Cr 2 O 3 -doped UO 2 and U 3 Si 2 fuels, and Cr-coated zirconium-based and FeCrAl claddings. In particular, the NRC suggested that reports similar in form to NUREG/CR-7024 that was developed for traditional LWR materials UO 2 and zirconium-based claddings (i.e., Zircaloy-4, M5 ® , ZIRLO TM ) be created for the priority ATF concepts. The approach to ATF capability development in Bison since the beginning has been two-fold: (1) empirical correlations and (2) multiscale model development. Both approaches have uncertainty inherent to them. Uncertainty in empirical correlations is bounded by the experimental data upon which with the correlation was developed. Models developed through a multiscale approach have uncertainty associated with the lower length scale calculations and input parameters that must be propagated to the engineering scale model in Bison. In this report, the recommended models, their range of applicability (e.g., temperature, fluence), and associated uncertainty for the NRC priority clad concepts Cr-coated zirconium based clad and FeCrAl are presented in a manner similar to the aforementioned NUREG. In addition, in the absence of experimental data for validation, demonstration cases are presented that investigate the ballooning and burst behavior of Cr-coated and FeCrAl clads as well as tritium permeation in FeCrAl. A portion of the study by Gamble et al. on FeCrAl failure is also revisited with the latest updated models. First, the nominal results are shown using the as implemented models. Then a sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification is performed to assess the impact of the uncertainties in the models on the parameters of interest. For the Cr-clad ballooning case the parameter of interest is the time to burst. For the revisited FeCrAl study, the parameter of interest is the pressure at burst.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Materials technology development for long life large space systems
Large Space Systems materials requirements are discussed in terms of types of materials, critical properties, and environmental stability. An outline is given of the materials technology development that will be needed to meet these requirements.
Gause, R. L.↗
Explicit Finite Element Modeling of Multilayer Composite Fabric for Gas Turbine Engine Containment Systems, Phase II: Material Model Development and Simulation of Experiments - Part 3
A team consisting of Arizona State University, Honeywell Engines, Systems & Services, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, and SRI International collaborated to develop computational models and verification testing for designing and evaluating turbine engine fan blade fabric containment structures. This research was conducted under the Federal Aviation Administration Airworthiness Assurance Center of Excellence and was sponsored by the Aircraft Catastrophic Failure Prevention Program. The research was directed toward improving the modeling of a turbine engine fabric containment structure for an engine blade-out containment demonstration test required for certification of aircraft engines. The research conducted in Phase II began a new level of capability to design and develop fan blade containment systems for turbine engines. Significant progress was made in three areas: (1) further development of the ballistic fabric model to increase confidence and robustness in the material models for the Kevlar(TradeName) and Zylon(TradeName) material models developed in Phase I, (2) the capability was improved for finite element modeling of multiple layers of fabric using multiple layers of shell elements, and (3) large-scale simulations were performed. This report concentrates on the material model development and simulations of the impact tests.
Zylon↗
Ballistic Impact Testing of Aluminum 2024 and Titanium 6Al-4V for Material Model Development
An experimental program is underway to develop a consistent set of material property and impact test data, and failure analysis, for a variety of materials that can be used to develop improved impact failure and deformation models. Unique features of this set of data are that all material property information and impact test results are obtained using identical materials, the test methods and procedures are extensively documented and all of the raw data is available. This report describes ballistic impact testing which has been conducted on aluminum (Al) 2024 and titanium (Ti) 6Al-4vanadium (V) sheet and plate samples of different thicknesses and with different types of projectiles, one a regular cylinder and one with a more complex geometry incorporating features representative of a jet engine fan blade.
Pereira, J. Michael↗
Viscoplastic Constitutive Theory Demonstrated for Monolithic Ceramic Materials
Development of accurate three-dimensional (multiaxial) inelastic stress-strain models is critical in utilizing advanced ceramics for challenging 21st century high-temperature structural applications. The current state of the art uses elastic stress fields as a basis for both subcritical crack growth and creep life prediction efforts aimed at predicting the time dependent reliability response of ceramic components subjected to elevated service temperatures. However, to successfully design components that will meet tomorrow's challenging requirements, design engineers must recognize that elastic predictions are inaccurate for these materials when subjected to high-temperature service conditions such as those encountered in advanced heat engine components. Analytical life prediction methodologies developed for advanced ceramics and other brittle materials must employ accurate constitutive models that capture the inelastic response exhibited by these materials at elevated service temperatures. A constitutive model recently developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center helps address this issue by accounting for the time-dependent (inelastic) material deformation phenomena (e.g., creep, rate sensitivity, and stress relaxation) exhibited by monolithic ceramics exposed to high-temperature service conditions. In addition, the proposed formulation is based on a threshold function that is sensitive to hydrostatic stress and allows different behavior in tension and compression, reflecting experimental observations obtained for these material systems.
Janosik, Lesley A.↗
Novel Methods of Tritium Sequestration: High Temperature Gettering and Separation Membrane Materials Discovery for Nuclear Energy Systems
This project is aimed at addressing critical issues related to tritium sequestration in next generation nuclear energy systems. A technical hurdle to the use of high temperature heat from the exhaust produced in the next generation nuclear processes in commercial applications such as nuclear hydrogen production is the trace level of tritium present in the exhaust gas streams. This presents a significant challenge since the removal of tritium from the high temperature gas stream must be accomplished at elevated temperatures in order to subsequently make use of this heat in downstream processing. One aspect of the current project is to extend the techniques and knowledge base for metal hydride materials being developed for the ''hydrogen economy'' based on low temperature absorption/desorption of hydrogen to develop materials with adequate thermal stability and an affinity for hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The second focus area of this project is to evaluate high temperature proton conducting materials as hydrogen isotope separation membranes. Both computational and experimental approaches will be applied to enhance the knowledge base of hydrogen interactions with metal and metal oxide materials. The common theme between both branches of research is the emphasis on both composition and microstructure influence on the performance of sequestration materials.
11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
Structure and magnetism in novel group IV element-based magnetic materials
The project is to investigate structure, magnetism and spin dependent states of novel group IV element-based magnetic thin films and heterostructures as a function of composition and epitaxial constraints. The materials systems of interest are Si-compatible epitaxial films and heterostructures of Si/Ge-based magnetic ternary alloys grown by non-equilibrium molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) techniques, specifically doped magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and half-metallic Heusler alloys. Systematic structural, chemical, magnetic, and electrical measurements are carried out, using x-ray microbeam techniques, magnetotunneling spectroscopy and microscopy, and magnetotransport. The work is aimed at elucidating the nature and interplay between structure, chemical order, magnetism, and spin-dependent states in these novel materials, at developing materials and techniques to realize and control fully spin polarized states, and at exploring fundamental processes that stabilize the epitaxial magnetic nanostructures and control the electronic and magnetic states in these complex materials. Combinatorial approach provides the means for the systematic studies, and the complex nature of the work necessitates this approach.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Sol-Gel Synthesis Of Aluminoborosilicate Powders
Application of sol-gel process to synthesis of aluminoborosilicate powders shows potential for control of microstructures of materials. Development of materials having enhanced processing characteristics prove advantageous in extending high-temperature endurance of fibrous refractory composite insulation made from ceramic fibers.
Bull, Jeffrey↗
Unified constitutive materials model development and evaluation for high-temperature structural analysis applications
Unified constitutive material models were developed for structural analyses of aircraft gas turbine engine hot section components with particular application to an isotropic material used for combustor liners. Differential forms of models independently developed were considered in this study. These models combine the interactions of time-dependent (creep) and time-independent (plasticity) inelastic behavior of a material. Predicted stress-strain responses from these models were evaluated against cyclic isothermal and nonisothermal test results for uniaxial specimens of a nickel-base superalloy. The unified models were implemented in a nonlinear structural analysis code. Two unique NASA Lewis test facilities were used in the evaluation of the models for complex geometry specimens and evaluation of advanced temperature and high-temperature strain measurement instrumentation. Predicted nonlinear structural responses from one of the models for a flat plate and a segment of a conventional combustor liner are presented.
Thompson, R. L.↗
Fusion Materials Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory - Progress during Fiscal Year 2012: October 1. 2011 through September 30, 2012
The realization of fusion energy has proved a formidable challenge with its significant achievements coming through a close integration of the plasma physics and applied technology disciplines. Presently, the most significant technological challenge for the near-term experiments such as ITER, and next generation of fusion power systems, is the inability of current materials and systems to withstand the harsh fusion nuclear environment. The overarching goal of the ORNL fusion materials program is to provide the applied materials science support and understanding to underpin the ongoing DOE Office of Science fusion energy program while developing materials for fusion power systems. In doing so the program must be integrated both with the larger U.S. and international fusion materials communities, and with the international fusion design and technology communities. The overall program at ORNL on materials development will continue to actively develop low activation structural materials such as the Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steels, the higher strength/higher creep resistance Nano Composted Ferritic steels, and Silicon Carbide Composites. A significant change this year was the increased emphasis on high heat flux testing and the development of refractory metals. This included the new use of an existing ORNL facility, adapted for the thermal testing of irradiated materials, the development and evaluation of new tungsten materials, and the study and understanding of the irradiation performance of tungsten through coupled modeling and experiment. In each case the materials will be developed in a design-informed fashion where properties improvements will be led by the latest fusion relevant designs and directed at advancing the Technology Readiness Level of the materials systems. A limited effort within the ORNL program is directed towards diagnostic materials and high-temperature superconductors. In the area of diagnostics, ORNL continues to develop irradiation-hardened dielectric mirrors and to support basic irradiation materials science of ceramics for diagnostic systems. For high temperature superconductors the ORNL program has undertaken a limited program to quantify the irradiation sensitivity of the most recently developed tape materials. Finally, this workscope integrates fundamental modeling into the development efforts as much as practicable.
Snead, Lance Lewis↗
Impact Testing of Aluminum 2024 and Titanium 6Al-4V for Material Model Development
One of the difficulties with developing and verifying accurate impact models is that parameters such as high strain rate material properties, failure modes, static properties, and impact test measurements are often obtained from a variety of different sources using different materials, with little control over consistency among the different sources. In addition there is often a lack of quantitative measurements in impact tests to which the models can be compared. To alleviate some of these problems, a project is underway to develop a consistent set of material property, impact test data and failure analysis for a variety of aircraft materials that can be used to develop improved impact failure and deformation models. This project is jointly funded by the NASA Glenn Research Center and the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center. Unique features of this set of data are that all material property data and impact test data are obtained using identical material, the test methods and procedures are extensively documented and all of the raw data is available. Four parallel efforts are currently underway: Measurement of material deformation and failure response over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures and failure analysis of material property specimens and impact test articles conducted by The Ohio State University; development of improved numerical modeling techniques for deformation and failure conducted by The George Washington University; impact testing of flat panels and substructures conducted by NASA Glenn Research Center. This report describes impact testing which has been done on aluminum (Al) 2024 and titanium (Ti) 6Al-4vanadium (V) sheet and plate samples of different thicknesses and with different types of projectiles, one a regular cylinder and one with a more complex geometry incorporating features representative of a jet engine fan blade. Data from this testing will be used in validating material models developed under this program. The material tests and the material models developed in this program will be published in separate reports.
Pereira, J. Michael↗
Exploring the feasibility of crack detection in plate weldments through an interposed layer of viscoelastic material.
Development of new approaches in the nondestructive evaluation of welded steel plates for large naval structures continues to be an area of interest for the DoD and the military complex. In this report we will evaluate an elastic-microwave based detection and imaging method using both numerical finite element (3D FEM) and experimental methods. The evaluation was performed on two test articles that were designed to represent critical structural components with flaws of interest. Details of the materials and the mechanical drawings were provided with the test articles. Flaws, cracks and weld defects have been included in the test articles to determine detection sensitivity and accuracy of the proposed method. Our approach uses a microwave interferometer (MI) to record the scattered response of flaws in the steel plated as it is driven by an incident elastic field. The MI can “see” (penetrate) through the viscoelastic coating to the upper surface of the plate. Out-of-plane displacement amplitudes of 10nm in the frequency range (1kHz to 25kHz) are readily observable, with the key feature being, that the surface bond between the coating and the steel plate are undisturbed. The non-contact aspect of the interferometer allows for large surface regions to be accurately and efficiently scanned in space and time. Spatiotemporal data sets of this kind and specialized wavefield processing provide powerful detection and imaging modalities. From these wavefield data sets, a plate thickness mapping capability has been demonstrated that can detect thickness changes on the order of 0.79 mm (1/32”) with spatial resolution on the order of the spatial sampling rate, 15mm (~5/8”). We have also shown that a topological energy analysis of the wavefield data can detect and locate small flaws, on the order of 5-10 mm (0.025-0.40”) in the welded joint of a 1.5” thick T-plate. As before, these results are obtained through a 2” thick viscoelastic coating without altering the integrity of coating or the coating bond. These results show that we are detecting and locating damage (flaws) in the plate that are much smaller than the wavelength of the propagating guided modes. Classical scattering theory places a (λ/2) resolution limit on the detectability of flaws in terms of the incident field [22], however, since the spatial resolution of the scanned region is much smaller, (Δx=Δy=15mm) and the inherent natural focusing of the time reversal operation, we are able to detect smaller flaws on the order of (λ/10). It is important to realize that we are not imaging the flaw but detecting and localizing a difference between a reference (pristine) sample and the measured (damaged) sample, relative to a spatial grid on the surface. The current scan resolution is 15mm x 15mm. At present we cannot expect to resolve individual flaws within a grid space only their cumulative effect. Even with the current limitations, this imaging approach appears to be a promising alternative to current methods where the coating layer is removed.
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
Infrastructure development for radioactive materials at the NSLS-II
The X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD) Beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source-II is a multipurpose instrument designed for high-resolution, high-energy X-ray scattering techniques. In this article, the capabilities, opportunities and recent developments in the characterization of radioactive materials at XPD are described. The overarching goal of this work is to provide researchers access to advanced synchrotron techniques suited to the structural characterization of materials for advanced nuclear energy systems. XPD is a new beamline providing high photon flux for X-ray Diffraction, Pair Distribution Function analysis and Small Angle X-ray Scattering. The infrastructure and software described here extend the existing capabilities at XPD to accommodate radioactive materials. Such techniques will contribute crucial information to the characterization and quantification of advanced materials for nuclear energy applications. We describe the automated radioactive sample collection capabilities and recent X-ray Diffraction and Small Angle X-ray Scattering results from neutron irradiated reactor pressure vessel steels and oxide dispersion strengthened steels.
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗