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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2025

Magnet-superconductor hybrid quantum systems: a materials platform for topological superconductivity

Magnet–superconductor hybrid (MSH) systems have recently emerged as one of the most significant developments in condensed matter physics. This has generated, in the last decade, a steadily rising interest in the understanding of their unique properties. They have been proposed as one of the most promising platforms for the establishment of topological superconductivity, which holds high potential for application in future quantum information technologies. Their emergent electronic properties stem from the exchange interaction between the magnetic moments and the superconducting condensate. Given the atomic-level origin of such interaction, it is of paramount importance to investigate new magnet–superconductor hybrids at the atomic scale. In this regard, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy are playing a crucial role in the race to unveil the fundamental origin of the unique properties of MSH systems, with the aim to discover new hybrid quantum materials capable of hosting topologically non-trivial unconventional superconducting phases. In particular, the combination of STM studies with tight-binding model calculations have represented, so far, the most successful approach to unveil and explain the emergent electronic properties of MSHs. The scope of this review is to offer a broad perspective on the field of MSHs from an atomic-level investigation point-of-view. The focus is on discussing the link between the magnetic ground state hosted by the hybrid system and the corresponding emergent superconducting phase. This is done for MSHs with both one-dimensional (atomic chains) and two-dimensional (atomic lattices and thin films) magnetic systems proximitized to conventional s-wave superconductors. We present a systematic categorization of the experimentally investigated systems with respect to defined experimentally accessible criteria to verify or falsify the presence of topological superconductivity and Majorana edge modes. The discussion will start with an introduction to the physics of Yu–Shiba–Rusinov bound states at magnetic impurities on superconducting surfaces. This will be used as a base for the discussion of magnetic atomic chains on superconductors, distinguishing between ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and non-collinear magnetic ground states. A similar approach will be used for the discussion of magnetic thin film islands on superconductors. Given the vast number of publications on the topic, we limit ourselves to discuss works which are most relevant to the search for topological superconductivity.

Majorana states↗
DOE OSTI2020

Mixed Material Scintillator Systems Quarterly Report FY20Q4

This project aims to invent, model, and prototype architected multimaterial scintillator systems (AMSSs), a new class of radiation detectors that use heterogenous internal structures of different scintillating materials to detect additional properties of radiation. These internal structures can be produced using additive manufacture (AM, i.e. 3D printing) of scintillator, a currently emerging application of additive manufacture technology. AMSSs combine the low cost and complexity of conventional scintillation detectors with capabilities currently only available in more expensive and complex detectors. By identifying promising AMSS designs, this project will enable a new class of detectors to meet DNN’s mission needs for SNM detection. In past reporting, we have described this detector concept as “mixed material scintillator systems” (MMSS), but as part of preparing papers for publication we have concluded the term “architected multimaterial scintillator systems” (AMSS) better reflects the importance of structure in these detectors. We plan to use the AMSS acronym going forward. This quarter, we participated in an Independent Assessment of the work so far. The panelists on the review concluded that the AMSS concept has great potential and our work so far was effective at bringing that potential to light. They highly encouraged further work on this topic. The panelists also had several useful suggestions, which we took to heart. This review is described in more detail below. This quarter saw a resumption of work on the final task of this project, prototyping. In the first half of the quarter, this work focused on solving specific technical barriers to achieve 1x1x1 cm prints. In the second half, we focused on producing high-quality samples and making characterization measurements of those samples, with an eye on our deliverable report on the prototyping task. This report can be expected along with the end-of-year report on October 30. This project successfully spent the entirety of its remaining funds this quarter, except for $13k refunded to this project in the last days of the fiscal year due to LLNL cost adjustments. This project has captured the interest of many LLNL experts, and so we have been able to effectively use our budget to harness the available effort.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
NASA NTRS1992

Volatiles in interplanetary dust particles - A review

The paper presents a review of the volatiles found within interplanetary dust particles. These particles have been shown to represent primitive material from early in the solar system's formation and also may contain records of stellar processes. The organogenic elements (i.e., H, C, N, O, and S) are among the most abundant elements in our solar system, and their abundances, distributions, and isotopic compositions in early solar system materials permit workers to better understand the processes operating early in the evolutionary history of solar system materials. Interplanetary dust particles have a range of elemental compositions, but generally they have been shown to be similar to carbonaceous chondrites, the solar photosphere, Comet Halley's chondritic cores, and matrix materials of chondritic chondrites. Recovery and analysis of interplanetary dust particles have opened new opportunities for analysis of primitive materials, although interplanetary dust particles represent major challenges to the analyst because of their small size.

Gibson, Everett K., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Arc Jet Results on Candidate High Temperature Coatings for NASA's NGLT Refractory Composite Leading Edge Task

In 2000, arc jet testing was conducted on thirteen material systems for possible use on the nose leading edge of the Hyper-X program s X-43A Mach 10 vehicle. Six material systems survived 3, 130- second cycles. To support NASA s Next Generation Launch Technology Programs (NGLT) need for passive refractory composite leading edges with multiple reuse capability at temperatures up to 3600 F, these six materials were subjected to an expanded arc jet test program. This expanded arc jet test program included three phases. The purpose of the first phase was to generate emissivity data as a function of temperature. The purpose of the second phase was to determine if the material systems had any thermal cycling durability, and the third phase was to determine whether the materials could survive an arc jet test of one hour duration. Some of the coating systems were found to have very low emissivities, suggesting that they would not be good candidates for leading edges coating. Other coating systems survived both the second and third phases of the test program and showed potential for use as an oxidation protection coating for leading edges. This presentation summarizes the test program results.

Ohlhorst, C. W.↗
NASA NTRS1993

Materials And Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS) LDEF materials data base

A preliminary Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Materials Data Base was developed by the LDEF Materials Special Investigation Group (MSIG). The LDEF Materials Data Base is envisioned to eventually contain the wide variety and vast quantity of materials data generated from LDEF. The data is searchable by optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, exposure parameters (such as atomic oxygen flux) and author(s) or principal investigator(s). Tne LDEF Materials Data Base was incorporated into the Materials and Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS). MAPTIS is a collection of materials data which has been computerized and is available to engineers, designers, and researchers in the aerospace community involved in the design and development of spacecraft and related hardware. The LDEF Materials Data Base is described and step-by-step example searches using the data base are included. Information on how to become an authorized user of the system is included.

Funk, Joan G.↗
NASA NTRS2013

Statistical Analyses of Raw Material Data for MTM45-1/CF7442A-36% RW: CMH Cure Cycle

This report describes statistical characterization of physical properties of the composite material system MTM45-1/CF7442A, which has been tested and is currently being considered for use on spacecraft structures. This composite system is made of 6K plain weave graphite fibers in a highly toughened resin system. This report summarizes the distribution types and statistical details of the tests and the conditions for the experimental data generated. These distributions will be used in multivariate regression analyses to help determine material and design allowables for similar material systems and to establish a procedure for other material systems. Additionally, these distributions will be used in future probabilistic analyses of spacecraft structures. The specific properties that are characterized are the ultimate strength, modulus, and Poisson􀂶s ratio by using a commercially available statistical package. Results are displayed using graphical and semigraphical methods and are included in the accompanying appendixes.

Coroneos, Rula↗
NASA NTRS1984

Ground exposure of composite materials for helicopters

Residual strength results are presented on four composite material systems that were exposed for three years at locations on the North American Continent. The exposure locations are near the areas where Bell Model 206L Helicopters, that are in a NSA/U.S. Army sponsored flight service program, are flying in daily commercial service. The composite systems are: (1) Kevlar-49 fabric/F-185 epoxy; (2) Kevlar-49 fabric/LRF-277 epoxy; (3) Kevlar-49 fabric/CE-306 epoxy; and (4) T-300 Graphite/E-788 epoxy. All material systems exhibited good strength retention in compression and short beam shear. The Kevlar-49/LRF-277 epoxy retained 88 to 93 percent of the baseline strength while the other material systems exceeded 95 percent of baseline strength. Residual tensile strength of all materials did not show a significant reduction. The available moisture absorption data is also presented.

Baker, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Ground exposure of composite materials for helicopters

Residual strength results are presented on four composite material systems that were exposed for three years at locations on the North American Continent. The exposure locations are near the areas where Bell Model 206L Helicopters, that are in a NSA/U.S. Army sponsored flight service program, are flying in daily commercial service. The composite systems are: (1) Kevlar-49 fabric/F-185 epoxy; (2) Kevlar-49 fabric/LRF-277 epoxy; (3) Kevlar-49 fabric/CE-306 epoxy; and (4) T-300 Graphite/E-788 epoxy. All material systems exhibited good strength retention in compression and short beam shear. The Kevlar-49/LRF-277 epoxy retained 88 to 93 percent of the baseline strength while the other material systems exceeded 95 percent of baseline strength. Residual tensile strength of all materials did not show a significant reduction. The available moisture absorption data is also presented.

Baker, D. J.↗
DOE OSTI2023

Preliminary HEA Solid Phase Processing Development Report

The development of high temperature fuel cladding materials to withstand a variety of extreme environments have received much attention. Several potential materials systems that have been identified for the fuel systems and core structural materials application in advanced reactor systems are ferritic/martensitic steel (e.g., HT9), austenitic stainless steels (e.g., 316 LN), oxide-dispersion strengthened steels (e.g., 12 YWT), Ni-based alloys and ceramic-based composites depending on the type of the reactors. Though these material systems have promising properties conducive for radiation-resistant performance, they suffer beyond the design-limit from one or more damage processes such as void swelling, radiation embrittlement, phase instability, corrosion, and limited creep life.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
NASA NTRS1995

Mechanical properties testing and results for thermal barrier coatings

Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC's) provide a significant challenge in the evaluation of their mechanical properties in ways that provide data that is not specimen dependent. The paper reviews various developments of the principal author over the past several years for both plasma sprayed and physical vapor deposited (PVD) materials, as well as new data on the fatigue behavior of one material system. The test methods that have been employed address tensile and compressive modulus and ultimate strength, tensile and compressive fatigue strength, and interfacial strength. This testing is now underway. Property testing is especially difficult for TBC's owing to the limitation on fabrication thickness of the coating. Bending tests are not used as these tests do not provide sufficiently uniform states of strain for property evaluations. Test specimens with uniform states of axial stress have been devised for each material system. The results show that the material property results between various experimenters and experimental methods are not yet consistent. However, the results provide critical design data at a suitable level of accuracy for life prediction. The paper will review both tensile and compressive mechanical testing of uniaxial specimens showing property dependencies on material density and temperatures for both material systems. Successful test results for both tensile and compressive fatigue loadings will be given. The test data shows that the fatigue strength of the TBC's is highly stress dependent in both loading conditions and is likely to depend on stress range and not mean stress. The fatigue strength of the plasma sprayed TBC's appears to increase with elevated temperatures in a range of temperatures below the creep activation temperature for the materials. The plasma sprayed TBC materials have been confirmed to have cyclic hysteresis at all temperature levels down to room temperature. Limited failure analysis data for various specimens suggest that the failure modes are driven by normal geometric discontinuities in the TBC's.

Cruse, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Strain-energy-release rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method

Two-dimensional finite-element analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen was performed using 8-node isoparametric, parabolic elements to evaluate compliance and mode II strain energy release rates, G sub II. The G sub II values were computed using two different techniques: the virtural crack-closure technique (VCCT) and the rate of change of compliance with crack length (compliance derivative method). The analysis was performed for various crack-length-to-semi-span (a/L) ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. Three material systems representing a wide range of material properties were analyzed. The compliance and strain energy release rates of the specimen calculated with the present finite-element analysis agree very well with beam theory equations including transverse shear. The G sub II values calculated using the compliance derivative method compared extremely well with those calculated using the VCCT. The G sub II values obtained by the compliance derivative method using the top or bottom beam deflections agreed closely with each other. The strain energy release rates from a plane-stress analysis were higher than the plane-strain values by only a small percentage, indicating that either assumption may be used in the analysis. The G sub II values for one material system calculated from the finite-element analysis agreed with one solution in the literature and disagreed with the other solution in the literature.

Salpekar, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Strain energy release rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method

Two-dimensional finite-element analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen was performed using 8-node isoparametric, parabolic elements to evaluate compliance and mode II strain energy release rates, G sub II. The G sub II values were computed using two different techniques: the virtual crack-closure technique (VCCT) and the rate of change of compliance with crack length (compliance derivative method). The analysis was performed for various crack-length-to-semi-span (a/L) ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. Three material systems representing a wide range of material properties were analyzed. The compliance and strain energy release rates of the specimen calculated with the present finite-element analysis agree very well with beam theory equations including transverse shear. The G sub II values calculated using the compliance derivative method compared extremely well with those calculated using the VCCT. The G sub II values obtained by the compliance derivative method using the top or bottom beam deflections agreed closely with each other. The strain energy release rates from a plane-stress analysis were higher than the plane-strain values by only a small percentage, indicating that either assumption may be used in the analysis. The G sub II values for one material system calculated from the finte-element analysis agreed with one solution in the literature and disagreed with the other solution in the literature.

Salpekar, S. A.↗
NASA NTRS2015

Smart Optical Material Characterization System and Method

Disclosed is a system and method for characterizing optical materials, using steps and equipment for generating a coherent laser light, filtering the light to remove high order spatial components, collecting the filtered light and forming a parallel light beam, splitting the parallel beam into a first direction and a second direction wherein the parallel beam travelling in the second direction travels toward the material sample so that the parallel beam passes through the sample, applying various physical quantities to the sample, reflecting the beam travelling in the first direction to produce a first reflected beam, reflecting the beam that passes through the sample to produce a second reflected beam that travels back through the sample, combining the second reflected beam after it travels back though the sample with the first reflected beam, sensing the light beam produced by combining the first and second reflected beams, and processing the sensed beam to determine sample characteristics and properties.

Choi, Sang Hyouk↗
NASA NTRS2014

Fundamental Property Requirements for Thermal and Mechanical Response Analysis of Thermal Protection Materials and Systems

Spacecraft that are designed to reenter the Earth's atmosphere, or enter the atmosphere of another planet, require Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) in order to survive the extreme thermal environments during the atmospheric flight. Analytical modeling of thermal and mechanical response is a fundamental aspect of the design of TPS and development of TPS materials. The analyses are used to understand the response of the materials and systems under representative environments. Performing these analyses, and evaluating the results, requires a variety of fundamental inputs, including: thermal and mechanical material properties; predicted or measured ground test and flight environments; and information about adjacent structure or attachments. We explain the nature of the analyses, highlight the essential fundamental data that are required, and describe the impact of the accuracy in the input data on the final results. We also describe the important priorities in material characterization testing in support of analyses.

Squire, Thomas↗
NASA NTRS1992

Integration mockup and process material management system

Work to define and develop a full scale Space Station Freedom (SSF) mockup with the flexibility to evolve into future designs, to validate techniques for maintenance and logistics and verify human task allocations and support trade studies is described. This work began in early 1985 and ended in August, 1991. The mockups are presently being used at MSFC in Building 4755 as a technology and design testbed, as well as for public display. Micro Craft also began work on the Process Material Management System (PMMS) under this contract. The PMMS simulator was a sealed enclosure for testing to identify liquids, gaseous, particulate samples, and specimen including, urine, waste water, condensate, hazardous gases, surrogate gasses, liquids, and solids. The SSF would require many trade studies to validate techniques for maintenance and logistics and verify system task allocations; it was necessary to develop a full scale mockup which would be representative of current SSF design with the ease of changing those designs as the SSF design evolved and changed. The tasks defined for Micro Craft were to provide the personnel, services, tools, and materials for the SSF mockup which would consist of four modules, nodes, interior components, and part task mockups of MSFC responsible engineering systems. This included the Engineering Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS) testbed. For the initial study, the mockups were low fidelity, soft mockups of graphics art bottle, and other low cost materials, which evolved into higher fidelity mockups as the R&D design evolved, by modifying or rebuilding, an important cost saving factor in the design process. We designed, fabricated, and maintained the full size mockup shells and support stands. The shells consisted of cylinders, end cones, rings, longerons, docking ports, crew airlocks, and windows. The ECLSS required a heavier cylinder to support the ECLSS systems test program. Details of this activity will be covered. Support stands were designed and built for each module to sufficiently move and rotate each module. Secondary structures such as floors, ceilings, bulkheads, standoffs, racks, etc. were developed and built.

Verble, Adas James, Jr.↗
DOE OSTI2020

Polymorphic Metastability in Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Metastable polymorphs of inorganic solids often possess material properties not present in the corresponding thermodynamic polymorphs, making them targets for the development of new functional materials. In contrast with isolating metastable bulk materials, syntheses of metastable polymorphs on the nanoscale are aided by fast non-equilibrium reaction kinetics and the favorable thermodynamic influence of surface energies, giving rise to greater ease of access to metastable high-temperature polymorphs and, in some cases, new polymorphs that do not exist in the bulk. The syntheses of metastable semiconductor nanocrystals are of interest for their potentially unique optoelectronic and physicochemical properties. However, in many material systems, synthesizing nanocrystalline products away from thermodynamic equilibrium in a predictable manner remains an outstanding challenge. This review outlines direct synthetic methodologies that have been developed to enable control over the nucleation and growth of metastable polymorphs of semiconductor nanocrystals by tailoring reaction conditions, precursor kinetics, ligand and surface effects, and other synthetic levers. The case studies reviewed herein expound on the direct syntheses of metastable ZnSe, Cu 2 SnSe 3 , CuInSe 2 , Ag 2 Se, and AgInSe 2 nanocrystals, and although there remain numerous examples of metastable nanocrystal syntheses outside of these metal chalcogenide systems, the concepts discussed are of general utility to the field of metastable nanocrystal syntheses as a whole. Explicit examples in which new functional properties are afforded by metastable polymorphs of the aforementioned material systems are presented within the context of applications for solar cells, photonics, and optical sensing. Finally, the factors that affect the kinetic persistence of metastable nanocrystalline polymorphs are discussed at length for these material systems.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗