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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2022

Natural colloids facilitated transport of steroidal estrogens in saturated porous media: Mechanism and processes

Steroid estrogens (SEs) are widely distributed in terrestrial environment, whilst the transport of SEs in groundwater is not well understood. Specifically, the effects of ubiquitous natural colloids on the SEs transport are unclear. Here, the influence of inorganic colloids (i.e. silica and illite) and organic colloids, i.e. Humic acid (HA), on the transport of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in saturated porous media were studied in laboratory scale column experiments. Characterization on the colloids and the column packing material was conducted to provide bases for the interpretation of column test findings. Results showed that the transport of SEs was facilitated by the nature colloids that were migrating through the saturated porous media. About 38.5% of E1 and 24.6% of E2 were retained in the column when colloids were absent in the system. Further, when transporting with silica colloids, illite colloids, and HA colloids, the transport of E1 was enhanced by 15.64%, 11.17%, and 25.60%, respectively; whilst the transport of E2 was improved by 19.56%, 23.06%, and 36.40%, respectively. The colloids’ SEs transport enhancement depended not only on the mobility of the colloids but also on their geochemical characteristics. The tested organic colloids showed 1.5-2.5 times greater ability on promoting the transport of SEs than the inorganic ones. The proposed mechanisms of nature colloids facilitated transport of SEs include competing for adsorption sites on the sand surfaces by the colloids resulting mobilization of adsorbed SEs from solid matrix, and transport of colloids as carriers for SEs.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Investigation of MO x (M = Cr, Mn, Re, and Mo) coated stainless-steel electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction in natural seawater electrolysis

Seawater electrolysis is considered a potential strategy for large-scale of affordable H 2 production. However, poor durability of the anode for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in natural seawater is a remaining concern due to chloride-induced reaction. Herein, the effect of various MO x (M = Mn, Cr, Re, and Mo) coated stainless steel (SS) electrodes on OER in direct natural seawater electrolysis was comprehensively studied. It is found that the Mo-coated SS electrode is superior to all others in terms of durability, followed by Re-coated SS, while the Cr and Mn-coated SS electrodes show the poorest durability. Additionally, the durability and activity of the Mo/SS electrode can be boosted remarkably in 1 M KOH/seawater compared to the natural seawater, resulting in an overpotential at 10 mA cm −2 decrease from 830 to 399 mV. Meanwhile, no degradation is observed at 1000 mA cm −2 for 100 h in 1 M KOH seawater, which is among the best stability, based on the literature review. Moreover, the improved durability and activity with Mo coating were extended to the Inconel 718 substrate, and around 40 % improvement in durability and 25 mV overpotential decrease at 10 mA cm −2 are observed, which indicates that Mo coating can be considered as a universal approach to improve the anode durability and activity. The improved performance with Mo coating may be attributed to the continuous Mo oxide layer formation or in situ generated MoO 4 2− in the OER process. In conclusion, this work provides a holistic strategy to enhance the anode durability and activity under harsh conditions, offering valuable insights for designing corrosion-resistant electrodes in direct seawater electrolysis.

Direct seawater electrolysis↗
DOE OSTI2022

Phosphate adsorption kinetics and equilibria on natural iron and manganese oxide composites

We report that it is well known that phosphate retention in soils and sediments is strongly influenced by binding to secondary iron oxides, there have been relatively few studies examining its adsorption/desorption behavior on multicomponent particles of realistic natural complexity. In this study, natural Mn-rich limonite (LM), was used to prepare naturally complex Fe- and Mn-oxide composite materials to examine phosphate adsorption/desorption. To clarify the role of the Mn-oxides, results for the LM sample were compared to those for an acid treated version (LAT), in which the acid-extractable Mn-oxide fraction has been selectively eliminated while leaving the Fe-oxide fraction intact. The saturated adsorption capacity on LAT was almost double that on LM, suggesting that phosphate adsorption to the iron oxides is strongly occluded by the Mn-oxide fraction. This result is reinforced by the comparing the pH dependence and fits to adsorption isotherms, and by desorption experiments and STEM-EDS mapping showing that phosphate loading on Mn-oxides was limited. Hence, although the collective results confirm that phosphate uptake and strong binding is selectively controlled by the Fe-oxide fraction, our study reveals that the Mn-oxide fraction strongly interferes with this process. Therefore, phosphate uptake behavior on metal oxides cannot be predicted solely on the basis of the Fe-oxide fraction present, but instead must take into account the deleterious impacts of other intimately associated phases. For co-diagenetic Fe/Mn-oxide composites in particular, Mn-oxides appear to severely limit phosphate uptake on the Fe-oxide fraction, either by hindering access to binding sites on the Fe-oxide or by lowering their affinity for P.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2025

Natural isotopic compositions of titanium, iron, and nickel observed in commercial fuel pellets – Promising candidate elements for stable isotope tagging

Stable isotope taggants would constitute unique identifiers for nuclear fuel cycle materials, resulting in expedited timelines and high confidence provenance assessments for nuclear forensics investigations. However, reliably identifying and interpreting stable isotope taggants in nuclear materials recovered from outside of regulatory control will largely be predicated on the assumption that the taggant element intrinsic to the untagged nuclear material exhibits natural isotopic ratios. Here, we present high-precision Ti, Fe, and Ni isotope compositions in 13 commercial low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel pellets to assess the suitability of these transition metals as stable isotope taggants. Our investigations reveal limited isotope variations among the fuel pellets in all three elements, which are consistent with small mass-dependent isotope fractionations, comparable to variations previously reported for natural samples. In practice, isotopically tagged nuclear materials are expected to fall along isotopic mixing lines, since intrinsic background levels of taggant elements dilute the taggant towards natural isotope compositions. Furthermore, the observation that Ti, Fe, and Ni isotope compositions in a suite of LEU fuel pellets are close to or indistinguishable from estimates for the Bulk Silicate Earth demonstrates that a two end-member mixing assumption would be valid for these transition metals, indicating that all three are promising candidate elements for stable isotope tagging. Finally, we present mass balance calculations to quantify isotopic perturbations expected from admixing isotopically anomalous Ti, Fe, and Ni taggants to assess the interplay between elemental and taggant concentrations and find favorable compromises for facilitating successful taggant identification with current analytical methods.

Intentional forensics↗
DOE OSTI2021

Penetrant competition and plasticization in membranes: How negatives can be positives in natural gas sweetening

Membranes are attractive for upgrading natural gas; however, the gas permeation processes through membranes are challenging to control. The coexistence of condensable H 2 S and CO 2 typically causes membrane performance to decline under practical feed conditions, due to uncontrolled penetrant competition and undesired plasticization of the membrane polymer matrix. In this paper, we report a strategy to successfully transform these apparent negatives, i.e. plasticization and penetrant competition, into positives that boost the natural gas sweetening efficiency of membranes greatly. Our strategy is to disperse engineered metal organic framework (MOF) fillers into designed polymer matrices to form hybrid membranes, which promote the permeation of both H 2 S and CO 2 but hinder CH 4 permeation. Moreover, uniformly dispersed MOF fillers also significantly alter the plasticization responses of polymer matrices, enabling controlled plasticization benefits. Ultimately, we illustrate a highly tunable MOF-polymer hybrid membrane platform that meets the diverse natural gas sweetening requirements under aggressive conditions.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2023

Synthesis of PHI-type zeolite harmotome using barium as an inorganic structure-directing agent inspired from natural mineral compositions

Zeolites are nanoporous aluminosilicates widely used as commercial adsorbents, heterogeneous catalysts, and ion-exchange materials due to their unique porosity, acidity, and thermal stability. The vast majority of synthetically-realized zeolite structures are prepared under hydrothermal conditions in alkaline media, and often in the presence of an organic structure-directing agent that facilitates the crystallization of diverse porous networks. Due to economic and environmental disadvantages of organic-based syntheses, it is often desirable to produce zeolites in organic-free media using alkali metal ions as the most commonly employed inorganic structure-directing agents (ISDAs). Here, in this study, we were inspired by the elemental compositions of natural zeolite minerals to examine the use of an alkaline earth metal ion as the ISDA to prepare zeolites with the PHI framework type. Two natural minerals exhibiting this crystal structure are phillipsite and harmotome. Both structures contain sodium and potassium as extra-framework cations, but only harmotome contains barium cations. Here we examined how the combination of alkali and alkaline earth ISDAs promote the formation of PHI-type zeolites. Our findings reveal that each isostructure is prepared under different synthesis conditions where simply adding barium to a growth mixture does not always lead to harmotome formation. Harmotome is formed in more dilute and alkaline growth media; however, time-resolved analyses of zeolite crystallization reveal that harmotome can be synthesized at low temperatures (ca. 65 °C) with rates that are 5-times faster than syntheses of phillipsite. This seemingly indicates that barium reduces the energetic barrier for PHI-type zeolite nucleation in ways that are not fully understood. Moreover, harmotome crystals exhibit an average particle size of ca. 60 nm, which is nearly 40-fold smaller than phillipsite crystals prepared under similar conditions. Collectively, these findings identify routes to control crystallization of PHI-type zeolites and may provide a broader strategy for using the composition of natural zeolite minerals to optimize the preparation of synthetic analogues.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Natural Hazards Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science

This article is about the state of ICON principles Goldman et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO153180 in natural hazards and a discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Natural hazards pose risks to society, infrastructure, and the environment. Hazard interactions and their cascading phenomena in space and time can further intensify the impacts. Natural hazards’ risks are expected to increase in the future due to environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic changes. It is important to quantify and effectively communicate risks to inform the design and implementation of risk mitigation and adaptation strategies. Multihazard multisector risk management poses several nontrivial challenges, including: (a) integrated risk assessment, (b) Earth system data-model fusion, (c) uncertainty quantification and communication, and (d) crossing traditional disciplinary boundaries. Here, we review these challenges, highlight current research and operational endeavors, and underscore diverse research opportunities. We emphasize the need for integrated approaches, coordinated processes, open science, and networked efforts (ICON) for multihazard multisector risk management.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Synthetic antibacterial minerals: harnessing a natural geochemical reaction to combat antibiotic resistance

The overuse of antibiotics in clinical and livestock settings is accelerating the selection of multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic resistant bacteria result in increased mortality and financial strain on the health care and livestock industry. The development of new antibiotics has stalled, and novel strategies are needed as we enter the age of antibiotic resistance. Certain naturally occurring clays have been shown to have antimicrobial properties and kill antibiotic resistant bacteria. Harnessing the activity of compounds within these clays that harbor antibiotic properties offers new therapeutic opportunities for fighting the potentially devastating effects of the post antibiotic era. However, natural samples are highly heterogenous and exhibit variable antibacterial effectiveness, therefore synthesizing minerals of high purity with reproducible antibacterial activity is needed. Here we describe for the first time synthetic smectite clay minerals and Fe-sulfide microspheres that reproduce the geochemical antibacterial properties observed in natural occurring clays. We show that these mineral formulations are effective at killing the ESKAPE pathogens ( Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp.) by maintaining Fe 2+ solubility and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production while buffering solution pH, unlike the application of metals alone. Our results represent the first step in utilizing a geochemical process to treat antibiotic resistant topical or gastrointestinal infections in the age of antibiotic resistance.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Pore-scale observations of natural hydrate-bearing sediments via pressure core sub-coring and micro-CT scanning

Abstract Both intra-pore hydrate morphology and inter-pore hydrate distribution influence the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments, yet there has been no pore-scale observations of hydrate habit under pressure in preserved pressure core samples so far. We present for the first time a pore-scale micro-CT study of natural hydrate-bearing cores that were acquired from Green Canyon Block 955 in UT-GOM2-1 Expedition and preserved within hydrate pressure–temperature stability conditions throughout sub-sampling and imaging processes. Measured hydrate saturation in the sub-samples, taken from units expected to have in-situ saturation of 80% or more, ranges from 3 ± 1% to 56 ± 11% as interpreted from micro-CT images. Pore-scale observations of gas hydrate in the sub-samples suggest that hydrate in silty sediments at the Gulf of Mexico is pore-invasive rather than particle displacive, and hydrate particles in these natural water-saturated samples are pore-filling with no evidence of grain-coating. Hydrate can form a connected 3D network and provide mechanical support for the sediments even without cementation. The technical breakthrough to directly visualize particle-level hydrate pore habits in natural sediments reported here sheds light on future investigations of pressure- and temperature-sensitive processes including hydrate-bearing sediments, dissolved gases, and other biochemical processes in the deep-sea environment.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Natural and enriched Cr target development for production of Manganese-52

52 Mn is a promising PET radiometal with a half-life of 5.6 days and an average positron energy of 242 keV. Typically, chromium of natural isotope abundance is used as a target material to produce this isotope through the nat/52 Cr(p,n) 52 Mn reaction. While natural Cr is a suitable target material, higher purity 52 Mn could be produced by transitioning to enriched 52 Cr targets to prevent the co-production of long-lived 54 Mn (t 1/2 = 312 day). Unfortunately, 52 Cr targets are not cost-effective without recycling processes in place, therefore, this work aims to explore routes to prepare Cr targets that could be recycled. Natural Cr foils, metal powder pellets, enriched chromium-52 oxide and Cr(III) electroplated targets were investigated in this work. Each of these cyclotron targets were irradiated, and the produced 52 Mn was purified, when possible, using a semi-automated system. An improved purification by solid-phase anion exchange from ethanol-HCl mixtures resulted in recoveries of 94.5 ± 2.2% of 52 Mn. The most promising target configuration to produce a recyclable target was electroplated Cr(III). This work presents several pathways to optimize enriched Cr targets for the production of high purity 52 Mn.

62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Mixed and membrane-separated culturing of synthetic cyanobacteria-yeast consortia reveals metabolic cross-talk mimicking natural cyanolichens

Metabolite exchange mediates crucial interactions in microbial communities, significantly impacting global carbon and nitrogen cycling. Understanding these chemically-mediated interactions is essential for elucidating natural community functions and developing engineered synthetic communities. This study investigated membrane-separated bioreactors (mBRs) as a novel tool to identify transient metabolites and their producers/consumers in mixed microbial communities. We compared three co-culture methods (direct mixed, 2-chamber mBR, and 3-chamber mBR) to grow a synthetic binary community of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and the fungus Rhodotorula toruloides NBRC 0880, as well as axenic S. elongatus. Despite not being natural lichen constituents, these organisms exhibited interactions resembling those in cyanolichens. S. elongatus fixed CO 2 into sugars as the primary shared metabolite, while R. toruloides secreted various biochemicals, predominantly sugar alcohols, mirroring the metabolite exchange observed in natural lichens. The mBR systems successfully captured metabolite gradients and revealed rapidly consumed compounds, including TCA cycle intermediates and amino acids. Our approach demonstrated that the 2-chamber mBR optimally balanced metabolite exchange and growth dynamics. This study provides insights into cross-species metabolic interactions and presents a valuable tool for investigating and engineering synthetic microbial communities with potential applications in biotechnology and environmental science.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Plant-based engineering for production of high-valued natural products

Plants are a unique source of complex specialized metabolites, many of which play significant roles in human society. In many cases, however, the availability of these metabolites from naturally occurring sources fails to meet current demands. Thus, there is much interest in expanding the production capacity of target plant molecules. Traditionally, plant breeding, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation are considered the primary routes towards large scale production of natural products. Here, in this paper, we explore the advances, challenges, and future of plant engineering as a complementary path. Although plants are an integral part of our food and agricultural systems and sustain an extensive array of chemical constituents, their complex genetics and physiology have prevented the optimal exploitation of plants as a production chassis. We highlight emerging engineering tools and scientific advances developed in recent years that have improved the prospects of using plants as a sustainable and scalable production platform. We also discuss technological limitations and overall economic outlook of plant-based production of natural products.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Extension of frozen natural orbital approximation to open-shell references: Theory, implementation, and application to single-molecule magnets

Natural orbitals are often used to achieve a more compact representation of correlated wave-functions. Using natural orbitals computed as eigenstates of the virtual–virtual block of the state density matrix instead of the canonical Hartree–Fock orbitals results in smaller errors when the same fraction of virtual space is frozen. This strategy, termed frozen natural orbital (FNO) approach, is effective in reducing the cost of regular coupled-cluster (CC) calculations and some multistate methods, such as EOM-IP-CC (equation-of-motion CC for ionization potentials). This contribution extends the FNO approach to the EOM-SF-CC ansatz (EOM-CC with spin-flip). In contrast to EOM-IP-CCSD, EOM-SF-CCSD relies on high-spin open-shell references. Using FNOs computed for an open-shell reference leads to an erratic behavior of the EOM-SF-CC energies and properties due to an inconsistent truncation of the α and β orbital spaces. A general solution to problems arising in the EOM-CC calculations utilizing open-shell references, termed OSFNO (open-shell FNO), is proposed. Furthermore, by means of singular value decomposition (SVD) of the overlap matrix of the α and β orbitals, the OSFNO algorithm identifies the corresponding orbitals and determines virtual orbitals corresponding to the singly occupied space. This is followed by SVD of the singlet part of the state density matrix in the remaining virtual orbital subspace. The so-computed FNOs preserve the spin purity of the open-shell orbital subspace to the extent allowed by the original reference, thus facilitating a safe truncation of the virtual space. The performance of OSFNO is benchmarked for selected diradicals and triradicals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2022

The Gaussian nature of the band-edge of ZnO microcrystalline thin films

A straightforward analytical approach based on the derivative of the absorption coefficient is presented, which enables probing the nature of the band edge (BE) of ZnO microcrystalline films. The study was conducted via transmission experiments at temperatures of 77–532 K and repeated for samples annealed up to 1073 K. It was found that the derivative of the natural log of the BE absorption coefficient resulted in a Gaussian function. The Gaussian linewidth is used in the electron–phonon (e–p) interaction model to characterize the defect-state of the films. The BE of the as-grown film was found to exhibit no thermal dependence and no e–p coupling, indicative of a disordered crystal. Upon annealing and improvement of the film quality, the thermal phonons became more activated, but only above room temperature with a phonon energy of ~75 meV, while up to room temperature, the impact of phonons on the BE is insignificant. A disorder–order transition was determined to take place at an annealing temperature of ~673 K. X-ray diffraction concurs with these results. The study indicates that the prevalent defects are of structural nature due to the inherent granular morphology of the films. This defect was found to dominate the behavior of the BE even at the elevated temperature regime rather than thermal phonons.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

Natural formation of linear defect structures in MoS 2

Near surface defects can significantly impact the quality of metallic interconnects and other interfaces necessary to create device structures incorporating two-dimensional materials. Furthermore, the impact of such defects can strongly depend on their organization. In this study, we present scanning tunneling microscopy images and tunneling spectroscopy of point and linear defects near the surface of natural MoS 2 . The point defects share similar structural and electronic characteristics and occur with comparable frequency as subsurface sulfur vacancies observed previously on natural MoS 2 . The linear defects observed here occur less frequently than the point defects but share the same depth profile and electronic structure. These data indicate that the linear defects are actually a one-dimensional organization of subsurface sulfur vacancies. Our density functional calculations agree with this assessment in that, for sufficient local defect concentrations, it is energetically more favorable for the defects to be organized in a linear fashion rather than as clusters or even isolated single point defects. Given these measurements were taken from naturally formed MoS 2 , this organization likely occurs during crystal formation. Considering the impact of one-dimensional organization on the local properties of layered materials, and the potential for them to be introduced purposefully during crystal formation, research into the formation mechanism and properties of these defects could enable new paths for defect engineering in MoS 2 -based systems.

2D materials↗
DOE OSTI2020

Probing the nature of dark matter with accreted globular cluster streams

ABSTRACT The steepness of the central density profiles of dark matter (DM) in low-mass galaxy haloes (e.g. dwarf galaxies) is a powerful probe of the nature of DM. We propose a novel scheme to probe the inner profiles of galaxy subhaloes using stellar streams. We show that the present-day morphological and dynamical properties of accreted globular cluster (GC) streams – those produced from tidal stripping of GCs that initially evolved within satellite galaxies and later merged with the Milky Way (MW) – are sensitive to the central DM density profile and mass of their parent satellites. GCs that accrete within cuspy cold dark matter (CDM) subhaloes produce streams that are physically wider and dynamically hotter than streams that accrete inside cored subhaloes. A first comparison of MW streams ‘GD-1’ and ‘Jhelum’ (likely of accreted GC origin) with our simulations indicates a preference for cored subhaloes. If these results hold up in future data, the implication is that either the DM cusps were erased by baryonic feedback, or their subhaloes naturally possessed cored density profiles implying particle physics models beyond CDM. Moreover, accreted GC streams are highly structured and exhibit complex morphological features (e.g. parallel structures and ‘spurs’). This implies that the accretion scenario can naturally explain the recently observed peculiarities in some of the MW streams. We also propose a novel mechanism for forming ‘gaps’ in stellar streams when the remnant of the parent subhalo (which hosted the GC) later passes through the GC stream. This encounter can last a longer time (and have more of an impact) than the random encounters with DM subhaloes previously considered, because the GC stream and its parent subhalo are on similar orbits with small relative velocities. Current and future surveys of the MW halo will uncover numerous faint stellar streams and provide the data needed to substantiate our preliminary tests with this new probe of DM.

(Galaxy:) globular clusters: individual↗
DOE OSTI2026

Evidence for the Collective Nature of Radial Flow in Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

Anisotropic flow and radial flow are two key probes of the expansion dynamics and properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). While anisotropic flow has been extensively studied, radial flow, which governs the system’s radial expansion, has received less attention. Notably, direct experimental evidence for the global and collective nature of radial flow fluctuations has been lacking. This Letter presents the first measurement of transverse momentum (𝑝 T ) dependence of radial flow fluctuations (𝑣 0 ⁡(𝑝 T )) over 0.5 < 𝑝 T < 10 GeV and demonstrates its collective nature using a two-particle correlation method in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{𝑠_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The data reveal three key features supporting the collective nature of radial flow: long-range correlation in pseudorapidity, factorization in 𝑝 T , and centrality-independent shape in 𝑝 T . The comparison with a hydrodynamic model demonstrates the sensitivity of 𝑣 0 ⁡(𝑝 T ) to bulk viscosity, a crucial transport property of the QGP. These findings establish a new, powerful tool for probing collective dynamics and properties of the QGP.

73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Winos from natural SUSY at the high luminosity LHC

In natural supersymmetric models defined by no worse than a part in thirty electroweak fine-tuning, winos and binos are generically expected to be much heavier than Higgsinos. Moreover, the splitting between the Higgsinos is expected to be small, so that the visible decay products of the heavier Higgsinos are soft, rendering the Higgsinos quasi-invisible at the LHC. Within the natural supersymmetry (SUSY) framework, heavy electroweak gauginos decay to W , Z or h bosons plus Higgsinos in the ratio ∼ 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 , respectively. This is in sharp contrast to models with a binolike lightest superpartner and very heavy Higgsinos, where the charged (neutral) wino essentially always decays to a W ( h ) boson and an invisible bino. Wino pair production at the LHC, in natural SUSY, thus leads to V V , V h and h h + E T final states ( V = W , Z ) where, for TeV scale winos, the vector bosons and h daughters are considerably boosted. We identify eight different channels arising from the leptonic and hadronic decays of the vector bosons and the decay h → b b ¯ , each of which offers an avenue for wino discovery at the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). By combining the signal in all eight channels we find, assuming s = 14 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb − 1 , that the discovery reach for winos extends to m ( w i n o ) ∼ 1.1 TeV , while the 95% CL exclusion range extends to a wino mass of almost 1.4 TeV. We also identify “Higgsino specific channels” which could serve to provide 3 σ evidence that winos lighter than 1.2 TeV decay to light Higgsinos rather than to a binolike lightest supersymmetric particle, should a wino signal appear at the HL-LHC. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Astronomy & Astrophysics↗