Making American space policy. 1 - The Establishment of NASA
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Civil aviation research and development projects noting characteristics and growth to date, current problems, future requirements, potential solutions, and recommendations
Statistical mechanics for wall shear turbulence in Couette flow based on Brownian motion and comparison with stochastic theory based on Navier-Stokes equation
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The results of the study lead to a number of conclusions regarding priority areas for R and D. It was found that aircraft noise abatement deserves highest priority because of widespread concern for the environment and because the success of the noise-abatement program will affect the solutions to other problems. Congestion is next on the list of priority problems. Its solution will involve an organized effort directed at the combination of air traffic control, runway capacity, ground control of aircraft, terminal processing, access and egress, parking, and airport location, acquisition, and development. A new short-haul system could help relieve congestion at existing airports. Constant improvements in technology for long-haul vehicles and their propulsion systems are essential to continued U.S. leadership.
The activities of the Social Sciences Group in solving earth resources management problems as related to social factors, are reported. Major efforts of the Group revolved around identifying potential users of ERTS data, ascertain the user's needs, and assay the organizational impacts of new and technologically advanced sources of information. Attempts were also made to develop a linear programming model to be used in decision making with respect to resources being observed by ERTS and other remote sensing vehicles. The cost effectiveness of solving these management problems is discussed.
Management planning for the California water survey considers the use of satellite and airplane remote sensing information on water-source, -center, and -sink geographies. A model is developed for estimating the social benefit of water resource information and to identify the most important types of resource information relevant to regulatory agencies and the private sector.
Differential pricing is a valid means of improving profits, keeping the total cost of air transportation down, and making it possible for more people to use air transportation.
The efforts of the U.S. government to cope with the national energy crisis are discussed. The provisions of several legislative actions to implement the actions for energy conservation are examined. Immediate conservation measures and the long range planning for energy resources are reported.
The question of how ready the public is for the implementation of large-scale programs of technological change is considered. Four vital aspects of the issue are discussed which include: (1) the ways in which the public mis-perceives the change process, (2) the ways in which recent history impacts on public attitudes, (3) the ways in which the public divides among itself, and (4) the fundamentals of public attitudes towards change. It is concluded that nothing is so critical in the 1970's to securing public approval for large-scale planned change projects as is securing the approval by change-agents of the public.
A structural economic model is presented for estimating the demand functions for natural gas and crude oil in industry and in steam electric power generation. Extensions of the model to other commodities are indicated.
A study was conducted to provide a descriptive and analytical review of the concept of technology assessment and the current status of its applications in the work of the federal executive agencies. The origin of the term technology assessment was examined along with a brief history of its discussion and development since 1966 and some of the factors influencing that development.
Conclusions drawn from research and a series of recommendations for the improvement of the technology assessment process in Federal agencies are presented. The following topics are discussed: (1) who is doing technology assessment; (2) the organization of technology assessments; (3) disciplines and techniques used in technology; (4) analysis of a sample of technology assessment studies: initiation, disciplines, techniques, costs, scope, purpose, and utilization; (5) gaps and overlaps in governmental assessment of nine major technologies; (6) prerequisites for further improvement of technology assessment; and (7) recommendations.
A brief chronological account is presented of key events of the year in aerospace sciences. Dates, actions, hardware, persons, scientific discoveries are recorded along with plans, decisions, achievements and preliminary evaluations of results. Samples of public reaction and social impact are included. Sources are identified and an index is provided to aid in tracing related events through the year. The index also serves as a glossary of acronyms and abbreviations.
Uses of remote sensing imagery were investigated based on exploring and evaluating the capability and reliability of all kinds of imagery for improving decision making on issues of land use at all scales of governmental administration. Emphasis was placed on applications to solving immediate problems confronting public agencies and private organizations. Resulting applications of remote sensing use by public agencies, public organizations, and related private corporations are described.
Articles are presented concerning the historical, theoretical, methodological, and institutional aspects of technology assessment.
Different types of satellite and conventional remote sensing data are used to monitor urban growth and the pattern of development. Software programs were developed for a growth allocation model that uses LANDSAT information as the basic component.