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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS2015

The Open Data Repositorys Data Publisher

Data management and data publication are becoming increasingly important components of researcher's workflows. The complexity of managing data, publishing data online, and archiving data has not decreased significantly even as computing access and power has greatly increased. The Open Data Repository's Data Publisher software strives to make data archiving, management, and publication a standard part of a researcher's workflow using simple, web-based tools and commodity server hardware. The publication engine allows for uploading, searching, and display of data with graphing capabilities and downloadable files. Access is controlled through a robust permissions system that can control publication at the field level and can be granted to the general public or protected so that only registered users at various permission levels receive access. Data Publisher also allows researchers to subscribe to meta-data standards through a plugin system, embargo data publication at their discretion, and collaborate with other researchers through various levels of data sharing. As the software matures, semantic data standards will be implemented to facilitate machine reading of data and each database will provide a REST application programming interface for programmatic access. Additionally, a citation system will allow snapshots of any data set to be archived and cited for publication while the data itself can remain living and continuously evolve beyond the snapshot date. The software runs on a traditional LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) server and is available on GitHub (http://github.com/opendatarepository) under a GPLv2 open source license. The goal of the Open Data Repository is to lower the cost and training barrier to entry so that any researcher can easily publish their data and ensure it is archived for posterity.

Astrobiology data↗
NASA NTRS2016

Evolution in Metadata Quality: Common Metadata Repository's Role in NASA Curation Efforts

Metadata Quality is one of the chief drivers of discovery and use of NASA EOSDIS (Earth Observing System Data and Information System) data. Issues with metadata such as lack of completeness, inconsistency, and use of legacy terms directly hinder data use. As the central metadata repository for NASA Earth Science data, the Common Metadata Repository (CMR) has a responsibility to its users to ensure the quality of CMR search results. This poster covers how we use humanizers, a technique for dealing with the symptoms of metadata issues, as well as our plans for future metadata validation enhancements. The CMR currently indexes 35K collections and 300M granules.

metadata quality↗
NASA NTRS2017

Collaborative Data Publication Utilizing the Open Data Repository's (ODR) Data Publisher

Introduction: For small communities in diverse fields such as astrobiology, publishing and sharing data can be a difficult challenge. While large, homogenous fields often have repositories and existing data standards, small groups of independent researchers have few options for publishing standards and data that can be utilized within their community. In conjunction with teams at NASA Ames and the University of Arizona, the Open Data Repository's (ODR) Data Publisher has been conducting ongoing pilots to assess the needs of diverse research groups and to develop software to allow them to publish and share their data collaboratively. Objectives: The ODR's Data Publisher aims to provide an easy-to-use and implement software tool that will allow researchers to create and publish database templates and related data. The end product will facilitate both human-readable interfaces (web-based with embedded images, files, and charts) and machine-readable interfaces utilizing semantic standards. Characteristics: The Data Publisher software runs on the standard LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack to provide the widest server base available. The software is based on Symfony (www.symfony.com) which provides a robust framework for creating extensible, object-oriented software in PHP. The software interface consists of a template designer where individual or master database templates can be created. A master database template can be shared by many researchers to provide a common metadata standard that will set a compatibility standard for all derivative databases. Individual researchers can then extend their instance of the template with custom fields, file storage, or visualizations that may be unique to their studies. This allows groups to create compatible databases for data discovery and sharing purposes while still providing the flexibility needed to meet the needs of scientists in rapidly evolving areas of research. Research: As part of this effort, a number of ongoing pilot and test projects are currently in progress. The Astrobiology Habitable Environments Database Working Group is developing a shared database standard using the ODR's Data Publisher and has a number of example databases where astrobiology data are shared. Soon these databases will be integrated via the template-based standard. Work with this group helps determine what data researchers in these diverse fields need to share and archive. Additionally, this pilot helps determine what standards are viable for sharing these types of data from internally developed standards to existing open standards such as the Dublin Core (http://dublincore.org) and Darwin Core (http://rs.twdg.org) metadata standards. Further studies are ongoing with the University of Arizona Department of Geosciences where a number of mineralogy databases are being constructed within the ODR Data Publisher system. Conclusions: Through the ongoing pilots and discussions with individual researchers and small research teams, a definition of the tools desired by these groups is coming into focus. As the software development moves forward, the goal is to meet the publication and collaboration needs of these scientists in an unobtrusive and functional way.

easy to use and implement software tool↗
NASA NTRS2018

CEOS Virtual Data Repositories for WGISS Data Assets

The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), established in 1984 to coordinate civil space-borne observations of the Earth, through its Working Group on Information Systems and Services (WGISS) has been working towards aligning data repositories held by each of the member international agencies. The CEOS agencies hold a vast amount of earth observation data across science domains. WGISS has been working to agree on community standards for data and information discovery and to increase the interoperability and alignment among the member data repositories.

Enloe, Yonsook↗
NASA NTRS2019

The Value of Being a Trustworthy Repository

Today, NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), a system ofactive archives is attaching the CoreTrustSeal to its websites signifying that it merits theconfidence of its user community. But what value does being a trustworthy repository impart to auser? What does it mean to the owners and operators of repositories? What will it mean in thefuture? EOSDIS was started in the 1990s based on a framework of discipline-oriented, geographicallydistributed centers of expertise, named Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs). The functionof EOSDIS is to collect Earth Science data sensor measurements (principally those created andneeded by NASA) and manage the data and many derived digital products. EOSDIS providesmany services, including processing, curating, documenting, disseminating, and enabling datadiscovery as well as efficient use of the data. The EOSDIS has been operational over 25 years andmany lessons have been learned relative to the TRUST principles. During the tenure of EOSDIS,many changes have occurred as we have increased the size of the collection from gigabytes totens of petabytes and the distribution of the data to millions of users. We have had severalstages of system evolution that have improved EOSDIS in order to meet both stakeholder andcustomer expectations. This type of evolution is an on-going process to ensure that ourrepositories remain trustworthy. It is also important that our own community of data managersand system engineers add value in being trustworthy. This paper will discuss approaches to change within a large system of Earth Science data and services, while remaining a trustworthyrepository.

Behnke, Jeanne↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

GeneLab: The NASA System Biology Platform for Space Omics Repository, Analysis and Visualization

NASA’s GeneLab includes an open-access repository of some 250+ omics datasets generated by biological experiments relevant to spaceflight including simulated cosmic radiation and microgravity. In order to maximize the intelligibility of these data, particularly for users with limited bioinformatics background, GeneLab has become a knowledgebase platform converting raw genetic and proteomic signatures found in flight samples into biological and physiological meanings. A large community of more than 100 scientists has rallied behind GeneLab and organized into four Analysis Working Groups (AWGs: Animal, Plant, Microbe, and Multi-Omics). Together, the AWGs have gained scientific recognition worldwide by establishing a consortium in charge of adopting new complex standards for data analysis workflows and omics sample processing in a rapidly evolving field. We will demonstrate the usage of the repository with smart search capability, an online controlled-access toolshed "Galaxy" to process user data with vetted standard workflows, a workspace for data sharing and a data submission portal with ontology control for better metadata curation. The GeneLab visualization portal will also be demonstrated, showing how anyone without formal training in bioinformatics can now browse the space biology omics data to discover new biology and potential solutions to improve life in space.

GeneLab↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

NASA’s Human Data Repositories: An In Depth Look at the New Data Request Process

As NASA transitions its focus to travel back to the moon and on to new destinations, the need to ensure the capture, analysis, and application of research and medical data is of greater urgency than at any other previous time. In this era of limited resources and challenging schedules, the Human Research Program (HRP), based at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC), recognizes the need to extract the greatest possible amount of information from the data already captured. To this end, the HRP Chief Scientist Office (CSO), HRP Program Planning and Control (PP&C) Office, and the Space Medicine Operations Division have been working together to make reuse of both research data and medical monitoring data more accessible to the user community through the Life Science Data Archive (LSDA) and the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) Repositories. The task of both LSDA and LSAH repositories is to acquire, preserve, and distribute retrospective research (LSDA) and medical (LSAH) data and information both within the NASA community and to the science community at large, for knowledge discovery, retrospective analysis, and planning of future research studies. An additional goal is to encourage collaboration with non-NASA institutions also faced with enhancing human performance in extreme environments. In September 2022, the LSDA website and its contents transitioned to a new NASA Life Sciences Portal (https://nlsp.nasa.gov/explore/lsdahome). This site continues to feature publicly releasable information such as non-attributable datasets, experiment descriptions (from Project Mercury to ISS, as well as from multiple flight analog missions), descriptions of medical monitoring data, and LSAH newsletters (1992 - 2022). The website also provides an updated portal to request additional research and medical data not accessible from the public website. This presentation will provide an in-depth look at the new system as it relates to finding and requesting retrospective data. We will also detail processes from making a request to delivering data for different types of data requests (i.e., attributable, or non-attributable). This includes descriptions of various approval boards, what information and actions the requestor is responsible for, and key milestones in making data available for reuse.

D. M. Thomas↗
DOE OSTI2013

Continuous Improvement and the Safety Case for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Geologic Repository - 13467

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is a geologic repository 2150 feet (650 m) below the surface of the Chihuahuan desert near Carlsbad, New Mexico. WIPP permanently disposes of transuranic waste from national defense programs. Every five years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) submits an application to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to request regulatory-compliance re-certification of the facility for another five years. Every ten years, DOE submits an application to the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) for the renewal of its hazardous waste disposal permit. The content of the applications made by DOE to the EPA for re-certification, and to the NMED for permit-renewal, reflect any optimization changes made to the facility, with regulatory concurrence if warranted by the nature of the change. DOE points to such changes as evidence for its having taken seriously its 'continuous improvement' operations and management philosophy. Another opportunity for continuous improvement is to look at any delta that may exist between the re-certification and re-permitting cases for system safety and the consensus advice on the nature and content of a safety case as being developed and published by the Nuclear Energy Agency's Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) expert group. DOE at WIPP, with the aid of its Science Advisor and teammate, Sandia National Laboratories, is in the process of discerning what can be done, in a reasonably paced and cost-conscious manner, to continually improve the case for repository safety that is being made to the two primary regulators on a recurring basis. This paper will discuss some aspects of that delta and potential paths forward to addressing them. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2013

The Construction of the Konrad Repository - Status and Perspective - 13034

Due to the Atomic Energy Act of Germany the Federation is responsible for the construction and operation of installations for the safekeeping and disposal of radioactive waste. The Federal Office for Radiation Protection (Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz - BfS) is assigned with this duty. In 1982 the abandoned iron ore mine Konrad near Salzgitter (Federal State of Lower Saxony) was proposed as a repository for low and intermediate level radioactive waste with negligible heat generation. After 20 years of plan approval procedure the license was granted by the Ministry for Environment of Lower Saxony in May 2002. This decision was finally confirmed by the Federal Administrative Court in March 2007. The construction has started, but former assumptions about the beginning of waste emplacement tuned out to be too optimistic. In the course of the preparatory work and the implementation planning it turned out that many changes need to be done. As a matter of fact most of the documents and planning originate from the 1990's and need to be revised because from that time on until now no adaptation was appropriate. The necessity to apply the state-of-the-art technology and other legal implications give rise to further changes and new licensing procedures, especially building licenses. Furthermore, the license from 2002 also includes a lot of collateral clauses that need to be fulfilled before radioactive waste can be emplaced. With this in mind, the time frame for the construction of the Konrad repository was revised in 2010. As a result, the completion of the erection before 2019 does not seem to be realistic. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2013

Canada's Deep Geological Repository for Used Nuclear Fuel - Geo-scientific Site Evaluation Process - 13117

The Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) is responsible for implementing Adaptive Phased Management (APM), the approach selected by the Government of Canada for long-term management of used nuclear fuel generated by Canadian nuclear reactors. The ultimate objective of APM is the centralized containment and isolation of Canada's used nuclear fuel in a Deep Geological Repository in a suitable rock formation at a depth of approximately 500 meters (m) (1,640 feet [ft]). In May 2010, the NWMO published a nine-step site selection process that serves as the road map to decision-making on the location for the deep geological repository. The safety and appropriateness of any potential site will be assessed against a number of factors, both technical and social in nature. The selected site will be one that can be demonstrated to be able to safely contain and isolate used nuclear fuel, protecting humans and the environment over the very long term. The geo-scientific suitability of potential candidate sites will be assessed in a stepwise manner following a progressive and thorough site evaluation process that addresses a series of geo-scientific factors revolving around five safety functions. The geo-scientific site evaluation process includes: Initial Screenings; Preliminary Assessments; and Detailed Site Evaluations. As of November 2012, 22 communities have entered the site selection process (three in northern Saskatchewan and 18 in northwestern and southwestern Ontario). (authors)

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DOE OSTI2013

Development of an Integrated Natural Barrier Database System for Site Evaluation of a Deep Geologic Repository in Korea - 13527

Korea Radioactive-waste Management Corporation (KRMC) established in 2009 has started a new project to collect information on long-term stability of deep geological environments on the Korean Peninsula. The information has been built up in the integrated natural barrier database system available on web (www.deepgeodisposal.kr). The database system also includes socially and economically important information, such as land use, mining area, natural conservation area, population density, and industrial complex, because some of this information is used as exclusionary criteria during the site selection process for a deep geological repository for safe and secure containment and isolation of spent nuclear fuel and other long-lived radioactive waste in Korea. Although the official site selection process has not been started yet in Korea, current integrated natural barrier database system and socio-economic database is believed that the database system will be effectively utilized to narrow down the number of sites where future investigation is most promising in the site selection process for a deep geological repository and to enhance public acceptance by providing readily-available relevant scientific information on deep geological environments in Korea. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2013

Implications of Plutonium isotopic separation on closed fuel cycles and repository design

Advances in laser enrichment may enable relatively low-cost plutonium isotopic separation. This would have large impacts on LWR closed fuel cycles and waste management. If Pu-240 is removed before recycling plutonium as mixed oxide (MOX) fuel, it would dramatically reduce the buildup of higher plutonium isotopes, Americium, and Curium. Pu-240 is a fertile material and thus can be replaced by U-238. Eliminating the higher plutonium isotopes in MOX fuel increases the Doppler feedback, simplifies reactor control, and allows infinite recycle of MOX plutonium in LWRs. Eliminating fertile Pu-240 and Pu-242 reduces the plutonium content in MOX fuel and simplifies fabrication. Reducing production of Pu-241 reduces production of Am-241 - the primary heat generator in spent nuclear fuels after several decades. Reducing heat generating Am-241 would reduce repository cost and waste toxicity. Avoiding Am- 241 avoids its decay product Np-237, a nuclide that partly controls long-term oxidizing repository performance. Most of these benefits also apply to LWR plutonium recycled into fast reactors. There are benefits for plutonium isotopic separation in fast reactor fuel cycles (particularly removal of Pu-242) but the benefits are less. (author)

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2012

Development of a Theoretical Monitoring System Design for a HLW Repository Based on the 'MoDeRn Monitoring Workflow' (A Case Study) - 12044

In this paper, a generic German disposal concept in rock salt is used as an example to discuss the design of a repository monitoring system. The approach used is based on a generic structured approach to monitoring - the MoDeRn Monitoring Workflow - which is being developed and tested as part of an on-going European Commission Seventh Framework project. As a first step in the study, the requirements on the monitoring program were identified through consideration of the national context, including regulatory guidelines, host rock properties and waste to be disposed of. These are stated as general monitoring objectives. An analysis of the German safety concept for safe confinement of the radioactive waste allows these general objectives to be converted into specific sub-objectives, and for the sub-objectives to be related to specific monitoring processes and parameters. The safety concept identified the key safety components, each of them having specific associated safety functions. The safety functions can be related to the list of features, events and processes (FEPs) that contains all processes related to the future repository evolution. By screening the FEP list, all processes that potentially can affect the safety functions have been identified. In a next step the parameters that would be affected by the individual processes were determined, leading to a preliminary list of parameters to be monitored. By evaluating available techniques and monitoring equipment, this preliminary list was investigated with respect to its technical feasibility at the intended locations. Prior to final system selection, potential impacts of the monitoring system on safety or other measurements are evaluated. To avoid potential pathways for fluids that may compromise the integrity of a barrier, considerations on the application of wireless data transmission systems and techniques for autonomous, long-term power supply were given. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2017

Qualification of Pre-existing Containers According to the Acceptance Criteria of the Repository Konrad - 17204

As well as working in the field of waste management, Kerntechnische Entsorgung Karlsruhe GmbH (KBE) is, for historical reasons, one of Germany's three constructors of repository containers for the repository Konrad. The focus of this container production is merely on the side of requalification of the existing legacy containers, which are partly already loaded and grouted. To a smaller extend, KTE also produces new containers for its own use because the containers exactly match the waste properties present on the Karlsruhe site. There are three major container types in the process of requalification: - The Type-IV-Drum-Steel-Container FSC-IV-D was successfully licensed in 2014 and regularly produced thereafter. At the same time, the pre-existing containers of this type are re-qualified on the basis of this license by proof of the compliance with this license. - The Type-IV-Product-Container PSC-I-D is identical to the FSC-VI-D in terms of steel construction but also contains a liner of concrete for shielding and protection of the steel construction. This container is designed for large components and demolition waste. After a successful drop test, it is currently in the advanced process of licensing. - Type I cylindrical concrete containers are simple single drum shieldings which were produced in large numbers in the 1970's and 1980's. KTE owns 7,000 of those containers, thus making requalification and licensing cheaper than retreatment of the waste after demolition of the containers. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2017

Proposal of a Descriptive Modeling of Portland Cement Behavior under Radioactive Waste Repository Environment - 17267

Storage and disposal of DSRS is a problem in many countries over the world. Brazilian inventory is about 300,000 sources (in use or stored), many of them with high activity and long lived radionuclides. Our proposal to deposition of DSRS: Dispose of the DSRS in a deep borehole repository. The IPEN concept was adapted from the BOSS Concept, developed by the NECSA/IAEA. Cementitious materials are intended to be used as a backfill material between the steel casing and the geological formation around the borehole and Casing. The required service life of the installation is counted in thousands of years. Issues to be addressed: Assessment of cement paste long-term durability and its behavior under radiation, high pressure and temperature and penetration of groundwater containing chemically aggressive species. The present study aims at defining the relevant external factors and their influence on the durability of hydrated cement. This study will be helpful on modeling the long-term reactions in the cement matrix and can improve the safety assessment. The synergism between all factors that can affect the cement is hard to predict and have to take into account many processes. For example, the calcium ion content in a cementitious matrix can be altered by many factors and depends on the cement mix designs and environmental factors that will prevail at the repository.

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DOE OSTI2017

Modeling of Radiolytic Production of Oxidants Relevant to Corrosion of a Used Fuel Container in Deep Geologic Repository Environments - 17641

The Canadian used nuclear fuel disposal concept involves a deep geological repository using a multi-barrier system. A key barrier is the used fuel container (UFC). It consists of an inner vessel of carbon steel, which provides the structural strength to withstand repository loads, and an outer coating of copper acting as an external corrosion barrier. Relative to other design concepts, coated containers have thinner walls that provide less shielding for γ-radiation, raising the possibility of radiolysis-induced corrosion on the exterior of the container. Also, any trapped aerated water inside the container or in the bentonite clay may condense on the container surface, be exposed to γ-radiation and influence the container corrosion. Understanding the effect of radiation on container corrosion is one key factor to consider in the assessment of the integrity and longevity of the UFC. Humid air radiolysis produces HNO{sub 3} as the dominant oxidizing species. A conservative hemispherical water droplet model was developed to predict the accumulation of HNO{sub 3} and its impact on corrosion. Radiolysis of groundwater in the presence of Cl{sup -} mainly produces H{sub 2}O{sub 2} and HOCl. The concentration of these species is <10 mM and their sum remains almost constant. Radiation exposure tests showed radiation-induced corrosion on carbon steel and Cu. A systematic study of the Cu corrosion and the corrosion rate as a function of [H{sub 2}O{sub 2}], [HOCl], pH and γ-radiation is on-going. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2015

Postclosure assessment modelling of a deep geologic repository for low and intermediate level radioactive waste in Ontario, Canada - 15145

In 2011, Ontario Power Generation (OPG) submitted an Environmental Impact Statement and a Preliminary Safety Report (PSR) to the federal authorities in Canada to support an application for a site preparation and construction licence for a Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) for low and intermediate level radioactive waste (L and ILW). The DGR, which is proposed to be located close to the existing Western Waste Management Facility (WWMF) at the Bruce nuclear site, would receive L and ILW arising from the operation and refurbishment of OPG's nuclear reactors; the wastes are currently stored safely at the WWMF. The PSR is supported by postclosure safety assessment modelling, including a total-systems level model implemented in the AMBER compartment modelling software that draws directly on detailed groundwater and coupled groundwater and gas modelling using the FRA3DVS-OPG and TOUGH2 codes. A full suite of calculation cases is managed within a single AMBER model, which aided efficient management of the calculation files and quality assurance. Assessment of expected/normal evolution cases results in maximum calculated effective doses to humans that are more than five orders of magnitude below associated criteria. Assessment of conservative disruptive and 'what if' scenarios results in maximum calculated doses that are higher than those for the normal evolution cases, but which, when the low likelihood of occurrence is taken into account, remain significantly below the associated risk criterion. The assessment demonstrates that deep geologic repositories can provide a safe disposal option and provides an example of evaluating the safety of projects on long time scales. It shows how results from detailed groundwater and gas codes can be incorporated into assessment-level codes such as AMBER, thereby providing a single systems model that can be used to efficiently evaluate a wide range of scenarios and associated calculation cases. (authors)

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DOE OSTI2015

Requalification of historical intermediate level waste (ILW) for the repository KONRAD on basis of non destructive assay (NDA) and re-evaluated nuclide vectors - 15289

The storage facility for ILW of the HDB contains a large number of historical waste products in 200-l drum geometry, which were produced in the 1970's to the 1990's. In the next years more ILW will be treated and stored at HDB, exceeding the storage capacity of the ILW store. All waste products produced at HDB are treated according to the acceptance criteria of the repository KONRAD and are planned to final storage in this repository. In order to qualify the waste materials for final storage in KONRAD and to remove parts of the inventory from the storage chambers this project was started. The main issues of the project, which will be accompanied by the regulator, are product control measures like gas chromatographic analyses of remotely sampled gas syringes and non destructive assay techniques like?-spectrometry and neutron-analytics. The product control is followed by declaration on the basis of re-evaluated nuclide vectors and a repackaging of the drums in licensed containers. The packaging concept includes a 400-l drum as qualified over-pack, because several of the historical drums cannot be qualified as IP-II or type A package. The annual space between the two drums is filled with quartz sand for stability and additional shielding. The drum set is afterwards inserted into a qualified UBA-container provided by GNS. In the case that the product control measures and the reassessment of the declarations result in a violation of the activity limits of the relevant acceptance criteria for KONRAD, the respective drum has to be physically re-qualified after correspondence with the surveillance authorities. This program will be applied to a fraction of approx. 400 canisters, which were selected on the basis of several quality aspects like dose rate below 100 mSv/h, nuclide inventory below 100 A2 according to paragraph 201 of TS-R-1 and well-known waste composition. In the future more waste products will be treated in the same way, if approved containers exist for the inventory. (authors)

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