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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2016

Material Protection, Accounting, and Control Technologies (MPACT) Advanced Integration Roadmap

The development of sustainable advanced nuclear fuel cycles is a long-term goal of the Office of Nuclear Energy’s (DOE-NE) Fuel Cycle Technologies program. The Material Protection, Accounting, and Control Technologies (MPACT) campaign is supporting research and development (R&D) of advanced instrumentation, analysis tools, and integration methodologies to meet this goal (Miller, 2015). This advanced R&D is intended to facilitate safeguards and security by design of fuel cycle facilities. The lab-scale demonstration of a virtual facility, distributed test bed, that connects the individual tools being developed at National Laboratories and university research establishments, is a key program milestone for 2020. These tools will consist of instrumentation and devices as well as computer software for modeling, simulation and integration.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Overcoming Challenges to Continuous Integration in HPC

Continuous integration (CI) has become a ubiquitous practice in modern software development, with major code hosting services offering free automation on popular platforms. CI offers major benefits, as it enables detecting bugs in code prior to committing changes. While high-performance computing (HPC) research relies heavily on software, HPC machines are not considered “common” platforms. This presents several challenges that hinder the adoption of CI in HPC environments, making it difficult to maintain bug-free HPC projects, and resulting in adverse effects on the research community. Here we explore the challenges that impede HPC CI, such as hardware diversity, security, isolation, administrative policies, and non-standard authentication, environments, and job submission mechanisms. We propose several solutions that could enhance the quality of HPC software and the experience of developers. Implementing these solutions would require significant changes at HPC centers, but if these changes are made, it would ultimately enable faster and better science.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2019

Exploiting fission chain reaction dynamics to image fissile materials

Radiation imaging is one potential method to verify nuclear weapons dismantlement. In this work, we present a method to discriminate between non-multiplying and multiplying neutron sources using a neutron coded aperture imaging system. This method applies time-correlated pulse-height (TCPH) analysis to identify neutrons in fission chain reactions and recreate images using only these events. This analysis was applied to measurements of weapons-grade plutonium (WGPu) metal and 252 Cf performed at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) Device Assembly Facility in July 2015. The results demonstrate it is possible to eliminate the non-fissile 252 Cf source from the image while preserving the fissile WGPu source. TCPH analysis was also applied to additional scenes in which the WGPu and 252 Cf sources were measured individually. The results of these separate measurements further demonstrate the ability to remove the non-fissile 252 Cf source and retain the fissile WGPu source. Simulations performed using MCNPX-PoliMi indicate that in a one hour measurement, hollow WGPu spheres are retained at a 1σ level for neutron multiplications M ≃ 2:7 and above. This work has potential application to dismantlement verification where it may be valuable to verify that all neutron sources in an image are multiplying.

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2019

Balancing Open Science and Data Privacy in the Water Sciences

Open science practices such as publishing data and code are transforming water science by enabling synthesis and enhancing reproducibility. However, as research increasingly bridges the physical and social science domains (e.g., socio-hydrology), there is the potential for well-meaning researchers to unintentionally violate the privacy and security of individuals or communities by sharing sensitive information. Here we identify the contexts in which privacy violations are most likely to occur, such as working with high-resolution spatial data (e.g., from remote sensing), consumer data (e.g., from smart meters), and/or digital trace data (e.g., from social media). We also suggest practices for identifying and addressing privacy concerns at the individual, institutional, and disciplinary levels. We strongly advocate that the water science community continue moving toward open science and socio-environmental research and that progress toward these goals be rooted in open and ethical data management.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗
DOE OSTI2021

EKAT v.1.0

E3SM Kokkos Application Toolkit (EKAT) is a collection of C++, Fortran, and CMake utilities for providing a single implementation of common kernels based on the Kokkos programming model. The library contains utilities for vectorization, tridiagonal linear system solvers, and linear interpolation as well as some general-purpose utilities such as testing utilities, parameter lists, representation of physical units, and additional interfaces. The goal is to provide a centralized implementation for high-performance computing structures and common utilities that reduce code duplication and streamline maintenance efforts. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. SAND2022-1327 O

Bertagna, Luca↗
DOE OSTI2022

Evaluation of Building 23-117, Administration Building, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO) plans to update the façade of Building 23-117, Administration Building (Nevada State Historic Preservation Office [SHPO] Resource No. B15256), at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) in Nye County, Nevada. The NNSA/NFO is implementing a long-term project to modernize the town of Mercury for future mission needs. The project is considered an undertaking subject to review under Title 54 of United States Code (USC) § 306108, commonly known as Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, Title 54 USC § 300101, et seq., and its implementing regulations, Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations (36 CFR) Part 800.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2017

Cyber security using multi-threaded architecture data diode at the NBSR - 114

Ongoing upgrades for the control room of the National Bureau of Standards Reactor (NBSR) located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) require the ability to collect sensor data from the secured reactor network and transfer to the outside network for trend analysis, while maintaining the security of the reactor network. To accomplish this, a data diode was created to provide a physical barrier that prevents any outside data from reaching the secured reactor network. The hardware of the data diode consists of two embedded computers, running Unix based operating systems, connected by three DB-9 serial cables. The serial cables have been modified so that only two wires, a ground and a transmission line, provide connection between the computers. The data diode relies on a multi-threaded architecture to collect and simultaneously transfer data over three serial connections. A software program, implemented in Java, has been written to request data from the digital recorders installed to monitor the NBSR process instrumentation and transfer that data across the serial connections. The data diode can collect over 1200 data points from multiple digital recorders each second. The collected data can then be stored in a relational database for later analysis. The source codes for the software are available open source on GitHub. (authors)

21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Quantum Manifold Learning

SAND2022-12600 O Quantum Manifold Learning is a Python code to perform manifold learning from point clouds. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Sarovar, Mohan↗
DOE OSTI2020

Dissertation Proposal: Innovations in Pulsed Power and Plasma Science Theory Simulation and Experiment

Pulsed power and plasma physics are topics of great study at both Sandia National Laboratories (SNL or Sandia) and the University of New Mexico (UNM). The goal of this research is to further knowledge and understanding of these fields using the resources of both SNL and UNM in three ways. The first way is through the comprehension, application, and testing of theory. Reading and analytically deriving theoretical solutions of problems both real-world and simplified will allow for a fresh perspective and the furthering of the theory. One such theory is Ottinger's generalized theory for voltage measurement in magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs). By working through the math, a deeper understanding of the theory is gained from which one may add more physically accurate and/or more detailed physics into the theory. Additionally, understanding the theory lays a good foundation from which one can analyze, test, and compare results to the theory in the following two ways that will advance the fields of pulsed power and plasma physics. The second way is through the modeling and simulation of real-world and simplified problems that utilize and test the afore mentioned theories. Theory can be applied to a simulation domain by using the unstructured time-domain electromagnetic (UTDEM) codes EMPHASIS and EMPIRE as well as the physical modeling software CUBIT, all of which were developed at SNL. Problems such as the modeling and design of the extended MITL on HERMES III, the understanding of space-charge-limited emission from vacuum cathodes, and the interaction between a relativistic electron beam and an ideal gas can all be modeled, simulated, and analyzed with this set of codes. Here the advantage is three-fold. Firstly, theory that describes our understanding of these problems can be put to the test and advanced through iterative simulation and analysis. Secondly, the understanding of these problems will have a positive impact on national security through the advancement of the technological capability of the United States of America. Thirdly, and not unrelated to the prior advantage, is the validation and verification of EMPIRE and EMPHASIS. This segues into the third way, which is through experiment and the comparison of experiment to simulated and theoretical results. Performing experimental comparisons completes the scientific method and grounds all of the work in reality. Being able to physically test theory and simulation is necessary for any real conclusions to be drawn. Another advantage for carrying out experimental work is to advance the physical testing capabilities of SNL. Several systems will be developed and tested through the course of this work that positively impact technological advancement of Sandia National Labs. Lastly, all of the above work will converge to yield a well-rounded perspective that ties the three categories of research together.

42 ENGINEERING↗
DOE OSTI2023

Parallel Simulation of Beam Dynamics in Particle Accelerators [Slides]

Particle accelerators are among the most versatile and important tools of scientific discovery. The Nation's accelerators are responsible for a wealth of advances in materials science, chemistry, the biosciences, particle physics, and nuclear physics. They also have important applications to national security, the environment, energy, medicine, and on the quality of people's lives. LANL has a long history of making pioneering contributions to Accelerator Science including key contributions to the field of Computational Accelerator Physics. These include the development of early beam dynamics codes with space charge (such as PARMILA and PARMELA), the development of rf cavity codes and magnet codes (including Poisson and Superfish), and the development and distribution of codes to the accelerator community through the Los Alamos Accelerator Code Group. LANL researchers also helped pioneer the development of massively parallel space-charge codes. In project t22_accelsim we have moved beyond electrostatic models of collective effects (i.e., solving the Poisson equation in the bunch frame) to fully electromagnetic models based on the Lienard-Wiechert formalism. This approach enables the large-scale simulation of radiation production and collective effects in high brightness electron beams. This is highly relevant to LANL given its future goal of developing an X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). It also directly impacts a LANL LDRD project to develop an undulator-based non-invasive beam profile monitor for beams created in laser-plasma accelerator systems.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

60 years of science in ICF: from conception to scientific breakeven on the National Ignition Facility

The recent achievements of a burning plasma, fusion ignition, and scientific energy gain with deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s National Ignition Facility (NIF) represents a major milestone in the development of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and all of fusion research. In these experiments, fuel pressures well in excess of hundreds of GBars were achieved in the compressed fuel, and robust alpha heating of the fuel, far in excess of the energy provided by the implosion, were demonstrated for the first time. These achievements occurred 60 years after the inception of ICF and the first laser demonstration, and were made possible by more than five decades of research at laser facilities around the world. Advances in laser technology both in wavelength and precision, motivated by improved understanding of laser-plasma interaction physics and the demands of targets; improvements in target fabrication inspired by the need to control and minimize hydrodynamic instabilities in the implosion; and multi-dimensional simulations and diagnostics have been critical to this achievement. This paper will summarize the scientific and technical advances, the surprises, and the challenges that had to be overcome to achieve these goals.

fusion↗
DOE OSTI2018

Review of Authentication Strategies and Trends for Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)

In this study we review literature on machine to machine (M2M) authentication and encryption pertaining to communication with grid-attached power inverters. We regard security recommendations from NIST, constrained device recommendations from CoAP, as well as influences from the existing markets. We will not focus on passwordless or multifactor schemes of user authentication, the handover/roaming authentication of mobile systems, or the group authentication of WiMAX/LTE communications. The de-facto standards for authentication and encryption are certificate-based public key cryptography and AES, respectively. While certificate-based public key cryptography is widely adopted, certificate management is seen as an Achilles heel of public key infrastructure (PKI). State of the art authentication system research includes work on certificateless authentication; however, much work in the areas of privacy preservation, efficient or lightweight systems continue to be based in public key methods. We will see efforts such as bilinear pairing, aggregate message authentication codes, one-time signatures, and Merkle trees surface and resurface with improved authentication approaches. Though research continues to produce new encryption schemes, AES prevails as a viable choice, as it can be implemented across a variety of resource constrained devices. Other lightweight encryption algorithms often employ the same fundamental addition-rotation-xor operations as AES while achieving higher efficiency, but at steep tradeoffs to security. Despite mathematical proofs of the security of cryptographic algorithms, in practice the greatest weaknesses continue to be incurred during implementation. Security researchers will find edge cases and bugs that allow unintentional behavior. In the following sections, accepted methodologies of authentication and encryption are discussed. Due diligence for securing M2M communications requires consideration during planning, design, implementation and product lifetime, as opposed to a set-it and forget-it policy. Best practices can be gleaned from published successes and failures, with no single end-all, be-all detailed solution.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

An Architectural Survey of the U12G Tunnel Historic District, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in conjunction with the National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office (NNSA/NFO), proposes to demolish six buildings and three storage areas located at the U12g Tunnel portal area in Area 12 of the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). The buildings are 12-358 (Signal Vault); 12-201800 (Storage Quonset Hut); 12-202555 (Walker Shack); 12-868 (Pipe Assembly); 12-B100933 (Electrical Shop); 12-B100944 (Conference Room); and Storage Area 1; Storage Area 2; and Storage Area 3. The buildings and storage areas were selected for demolition as part of the DOE’s Real Property Efficiency Plan to reduce the footprint of unused and non-operational facilities on the NNSS. They are all vacant and have no proposed uses for current or upcoming NNSS missions. Demolition activities constitute an undertaking subject to review under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (54 United States Code [USC] § 306101) and its implementing regulations, 36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 800. Identification efforts began with resources proposed for demolition in federal Fiscal Year (FY) 23. Four buildings were proposed to be demolished in FY23 (12-358, 12-868, 12-201800, and 12-202555). These buildings and the U12g Tunnel Historic District (SHPO No. D444) were recorded in Identification, Evaluation, and Finding of Adverse Effect for the Proposed Demolition of Five Buildings in Area 12, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada (Menocal et al. 2023). Identification efforts indicated three buildings (12-358, 12-201800, and 12-868) supported nuclear testing in the U12g Tunnel. The fourth building post-dated the use of U12g Tunnel for nuclear testing activities. The report recommended that three of the four buildings (12-358, 12-201800, 12-868) and the U12g Tunnel Historic District may be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The report also found that the undertaking would have an adverse effect on the three buildings and on the historic district. The Nevada State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) concurred with the report’s findings (Reed 2023). The U12g Tunnel was determined eligible as a historic district under the Secretary of the Interior’s (SOI) Significance Criterion A, at the local level, in the context of the Cold War as an underground testing environment for the development of nuclear weapons and to assess the effects of a nuclear explosion on materials and equipment with a period of significance from 1959 to 1971. It was also determined eligible under Significance Criterion C for embodying the distinctive characters of a horizontal tunnel complex used for nuclear testing and as a significant and distinguishable entity. The three buildings were determined to be contributing elements of the district. The undertaking was expanded with the addition of two buildings and three storage areas proposed to be demolished and located within U12g Tunnel Historic District in FY24. These five resources (12-B100933, 12-B100944, and Storage Areas 1, 2, and 3) were recorded in Supplemental Identification, Evaluation, and Finding of Effect for Additional Proposed Demolition at U12g Tunnel, Area 12, Nevada national Security Site, Nye County, Nevada (Brannan et al. 2024). Identification efforts indicated that the two buildings and Storage Area 1 supported nuclear testing in the U12g Tunnel. Storage Area 1 and Storage Area 2 post-dated the nuclear testing activities at U12g Tunnel and were not recommended as contributing elements to the district. The report also found that the undertaking would have an adverse effect on the newly identified buildings and one storage area and on the historic district. The SHPO concurred that the expanded undertaking would result in adverse effects to historic properties (Reed 2025). To resolve these adverse effects, NNSA/NFO, in consultation with the SHPO, is following standard mitigation as stipulated in the 2024 Programmatic Agreement DE-GM58-22NA25554 Among the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nevada State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation Concerning the Protection of Historic Properties on the Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada (hereafter referred to as the NNSS PA). The standard mitigation measures are outlined in Appendix D of the NNSS PA. As such, this architectural survey has been prepared in accordance with Appendix D of the NNSS PA and follows the report format outlined in Appendix F. It includes a historic context that describes the district’s origin, history, and support functions, its significance in the context of nuclear testing on the NNSS, and identifies contributing and non-contributing elements within the district. The report is accompanied by Architectural Resource Assessment (ARA) forms for individual resources and a Historic District Resource Assessment (HDRA) for the U12g Tunnel Historic District. In total, this architectural report identified 32 primary resources within the district boundary. Six of the primary resources were previously identified as contributing elements. An additional 17 resources are recommended as contributing elements to the district for a total of 23 contributing elements. The other nine resources identified are recommended as non-contributing elements to the district.

12-201800↗
DOE OSTI2022

FEMP Cyber Security Arsenal

The FEMP Cyber Security Arsenal is a family of cyber security tools for the federal facility owners and operators. Using these tools, facility owners can evaluate their overall cybersecurity posture. These tools are web-based front-end tools. This is an upgrade of the tools available from the earlier version in DOE CODE ID: #41457

Gourisetti, Sri Nikhil Gupta↗
DOE OSTI2024

Bayesian calibration of stochastic agent based model via random forest

SAND2024-11403O The Bayesian Calibration of Stochastic Agent-based Model via Random Forest is a code that was developed in concurrence with an article by the same name that was written for a journal. The code reproduces simulation results and plots from the article. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

SciDAC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Domestic Extremism: How to Counter Threats Posed to Critical Assets

Although facilities with sensitive information, hazardous materials, critical infrastructure, or other sensitive items have security measures in place to protect those critical assets, the threat of domestic extremism (DE) has challenged those security measures in new ways. The project described in this brief report used focus groups to identify best practices, tools, or techniques relevant to preventing or countering DE and sought to identify gaps in security measures. Five focus groups with twenty-two subject matter experts from government, healthcare, and other stakeholder groups were conducted to understand how organizations protect critical assets against the DE threat. The results of the focus groups underscore the importance of organizational culture, codes of conduct, and behavior observation programs in prevention of DE events. In addition, results emphasized the value of multidisciplinary teams, employee assistance programs, and regular threat assessment as resources when responding to DE incidents. However, monitoring of social media and lack of adequate resources remain challenges when attempting to prevent or counter the DE threat.

98 NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT, SAFEGUARDS, AND PHYSICAL P↗
DOE OSTI2022

Initial Atmospheric Transport (IAT)

SAND2022-12904 O Initial Atmospheric Transport (IAT) predicts the initial puff/plume rise resulting from either a solid rocket propellant or liquid rocket fuel fire. The code generates initial conditions for subsequent atmospheric transport calculations. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Villa, Daniel↗