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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13

Software Engineering Tools for Scientific Models

Software tools were constructed to address issues the NASA Fortran development community faces, and they were tested on real models currently in use at NASA. These proof-of-concept tools address the High-End Computing Program and the Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program. Two examples are the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) atmospheric model in Cell Fortran on the Cell Broadband Engine, and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) coupled atmosphere- ocean model called ModelE, written in fixed format Fortran.

Abrams, Marc↗

Software Models Impact Stresses

Generalized Impact Stress Software designed to assist engineers in predicting stresses caused by variety of impacts. Program straightforward, simple to implement on personal computers, "user friendly", and handles variety of boundary conditions applied to struck body being analyzed. Applications include mathematical modeling of motions and transient stresses of spacecraft, analysis of slamming of piston, of fast valve shutoffs, and play of rotating bearing assembly. Provides fast and inexpensive analytical tool for analysis of stresses and reduces dependency on expensive impact tests. Written in FORTRAN 77. Requires use of commercial software package PLOT88.

Hanshaw, Timothy C.↗

Unit Testing for Command and Control Systems

Unit tests were created to evaluate the functionality of a Data Generation and Publication tool for a command and control system. These unit tests are developed to constantly evaluate the tool and ensure it functions properly as the command and control system grows in size and scope. Unit tests are a crucial part of testing any software project and are especially instrumental in the development of a command and control system. They save resources, time and costs associated with testing, and catch issues before they become increasingly difficult and costly. The unit tests produced for the Data Generation and Publication tool to be used in a command and control system assure the users and stakeholders of its functionality and offer assurances which are vital in the launching of spacecraft safely.

testing↗

The smart highway project: Smart highways, smart vehicles, smart engineering

The Smart Highway project is a six mile, limited access roadway being built between Interstate 81 and Blacksburg, Virginia. The initial construction segment will be two miles long and is designed to serve as a test bed and test track for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) research. The Center for Transportation Research (CTR) at Virginia Tech is developing three evaluation tools for its ITS research including DYNAVIMTS (a software framework), and the FLASH Lab (a 1/15th scale model highway and vehicle system). The Smart Highway rounds out the Center's evaluation methodology by allowing full scale operational tests, evaluations, and research under both experimental and conventional traffic conditions. Currently under development is a concept for a fully automated highway using a 'Cooperative Infrastructure Managed System' which involves ultra wide band communication beacons installed in the infrastructure with appropriate sensors, receivers and processors on board the vehicles. The project is part of the research program funded by the National Automated Highway System Consortium. The CTR hopes to develop the automated concept to prototype status by 1997. Other smart transportation and smart engineering concepts are proposed. This presentation will address the goals and objectives of the Smart Highway project, overview its status and importance to the region, and identify some of the transportation technology now under development and planned in the future.

Pethtel, Ray D.↗

Hybridized Agile Software Development of Flight Control Team Tools for International Space Station's Payload Operations Integration Center

Ground systems operations at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Payload Operations and Integration Function (POIF) is increasing, via the High Operations Tempo (HOT) initiative, its ability to support more science activities with a fourth crew member on the International Space Station (ISS). The Flight Control Team's need to support this increased crew presence mandated the need for a series of software tools to better handle the increasing pace of payload science operations. The overall need was clear from the outset, but the full scope and user experience for each tool, were not as well understood, so establishing a fixed set of initial requirements was not feasible. An Agile Software Development (ASD) paradigm takes advantage of uncertainty, and plans for it, so it was deemed the most appropriate approach to create room for exploring novel concepts, and to mount a rapid and flexible response to inevitiably changing requirements. It facilitated the need for unprecedented collaboration between the Product Team (i.e. users from the Flight Control Team) and the Development Team (i.e. POIC systems engineers, developers, testers). This is a process shift in the development, test, and release of software from one that is prescriptive to one that is adaptive, which is necessary for these tools to have longevity. The application of ASD to the product development lifecycle permitted the timely incorporation of customer feedback, and, allowed for continuous quality improvements. This resulted in a suite of tools that are efficient, user-friendly, and enable POIF ground systems to support the increasing pace of payload science operations. ASD is not as much a set of prescriptive processes as it is a shift in mindset; one that moves from planning against change, to planning for change, thereby iteratively growing software towards user-defined value.

Albers, Cerese M.↗

Towards a Theory for Integration of Mathematical Verification and Empirical Testing

From the viewpoint of a project manager responsible for the V&V (verification and validation) of a software system, mathematical verification techniques provide a possibly useful orthogonal dimension to otherwise standard empirical testing. However, the value they add to an empirical testing regime both in terms of coverage and in fault detection has been difficult to quantify. Furthermore, potential cost savings from replacing testing with mathematical verification techniques cannot be realized until the tradeoffs and synergies can be formulated. Integration of formal verification with empirical testing is also difficult because the idealized view of mathematical verification providing a correctness proof with total coverage is unrealistic and does not reflect the limitations imposed by computational complexity of mathematical techniques. This paper first describes a framework based on software reliability and formalized fault models for a theory of software design fault detection - and hence the utility of various tools for debugging. It then describes a utility model for integrating mathematical and empirical techniques with respect to fault detection and coverage analysis. It then considers the optimal combination of black-box testing, white-box (structural) testing, and formal methods in V&V of a software system. Using case studies from NASA software systems, it then demonstrates how this utility model can be used in practice.

Lowry, Michael↗

Integrated Design and Manufacturing Analysis for Automated Fiber Placement Structures

Automated fiber placement provides many advancements beyond traditional hand layups in terms of efficiency and reliability. However, there are also a variety of unique challenges that arise with automated fiber placement technology. In particular, steering of tows over doubly-curved tool surfaces can result in material overlaps and gaps due to path convergence/divergence, fiber angle deviation, as well defects in the tows themselves such as puckers and wrinkles. Minimization of these defects is traditionally considered a task for the manufacturing discipline. Manufacturing specifications are often created for these defects based on laminate testing and can be inflexible to avoid more tests. Recent efforts have been made under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Composites Project (ACP) to develop software tools and processes that provide automated coupling between design and manufacturing disciplines. The objective of this coupling is to provide information to the design discipline on the manufacturability of a laminate while the laminate is being designed. A variety of software tools, both existing commercial tools and research tools under development, will be used to achieve this objective: HyperSizer for laminate optimization, the Computer Aided Process Planning module for selection of manufacturing process parameters, Vericut Composite Programming for tow path simulation, and COMPRO for deposition and cure defects. The newly developed “Central Optimizer” tool will be used to tie the modules together and drive the design for manufacturing process.

Noevere, August↗

Product assurance policies and procedures for flight dynamics software development

The product assurance policies and procedures necessary to support flight dynamics software development projects for Goddard Space Flight Center are presented. The quality assurance and configuration management methods and tools for each phase of the software development life cycles are described, from requirements analysis through acceptance testing; maintenance and operation are not addressed.

Perry, Sandra↗

Healthwatch-2 System Overview

Healthwatch-2 (HW-2) is a research tool designed to facilitate the development and testing of in-flight health monitoring algorithms. HW-2 software is written in C/C++ and executes on an x86-based computer running the Linux operating system. The executive module has interfaces for collecting various signal data, such as vibration, torque, tachometer, and GPS. It is designed to perform in-flight time or frequency averaging based on specifications defined in a user-supplied configuration file. Averaged data are then passed to a user-supplied algorithm written as a Matlab function. This allows researchers a convenient method for testing in-flight algorithms. In addition to its in-flight capabilities, HW-2 software is also capable of reading archived flight data and processing it as if collected in-flight. This allows algorithms to be developed and tested in the laboratory before being flown. Currently HW-2 has passed its checkout phase and is collecting data on a Bell OH-58C helicopter operated by the U.S. Army at NASA Ames Research Center.

Barszcz, Eric↗

SILHIL Replication of Electric Aircraft Powertrain Dynamics and Inner-Loop Control for V&V of System Health Management Routines

Software-in-the-loop and Hardware-in-the-loop testing of failure prognostics and decision making tools for aircraft systems will facilitate more comprehensive and cost-effective testing than what is practical to conduct with flight tests. A framework is described for the offline recreation of dynamic loads on simulated or physical aircraft powertrain components based on a real-time simulation of airframe dynamics running on a flight simulator, an inner-loop flight control policy executed by either an autopilot routine or a human pilot, and a supervisory fault management control policy. The creation of an offline framework for verifying and validating supervisory failure prognostics and decision making routines is described for the example of battery charge depletion failure scenarios onboard a prototype electric unmanned aerial vehicle.

Verification and Validation↗

Algorithms for Collision Detection Between a Point and a Moving Polygon, with Applications to Aircraft Weather Avoidance

This paper proposes mathematical definitions of functions that can be used to detect future collisions between a point and a moving polygon. The intended application is weather avoidance, where the given point represents an aircraft and bounding polygons are chosen to model regions with bad weather. Other applications could possibly include avoiding other moving obstacles. The motivation for the functions presented here is safety, and therefore they have been proved to be mathematically correct. The functions are being developed for inclusion in NASA's Stratway software tool, which allows low-fidelity air traffic management concepts to be easily prototyped and quickly tested.

Narkawicz, Anthony↗

Finding Stuff Underwater: Open-Source Tools for Underwater Field Science

Since 2009, we have been developing and testing Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS). xGDS is a software suite, built on open-source web technologies, for supporting NASA terrestrial field science analog missions. We will describe our recent work supporting underwater mapping and dive operations at the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP - www.pavilionlake.com). At PLRP we used open-source mapping technologies to meet an operational need to quickly guide divers and underwater vehicles to locations of interest, and the scientific goal of building a map showing the locations and characteristics of the microbialites at the bottom of the lake. We will discuss some of the benefits and lessons-learned from our recent transition from Google Earth to OpenLayers as the primary mapping engine to support our work. Well also explain the challenges we faced and solutions weve developed to support mapping and data collection in an underwater environment.Beyond their immediate value for advancing scientific research on Earth, NASA analogs explore new ideas for supporting scientists working in extreme environments (e.g. underwater) to develop best practices for future human missions to the Moon or Mars. Science at PLRP involved imaging, sampling and characterizing microbialites growing beneath the surface of an alpine lake in British Columbia. To support PLRP operations and science, xGDS helped plan data collection tasks and provided accurate tracking and mapping of the locations of the underwater assets (human-piloted submersibles, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and human divers) collecting imagery and samples from the lake. The data collected during our field work was registered with precursor bathymetry data collected by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and was globally located on a satellite base layer map of the area surrounding the lake.

Earth analogs↗

Construction of an advanced software tool for planetary atmospheric modeling

Scientific model-building can be a time intensive and painstaking process, often involving the development of large complex computer programs. Despite the effort involved, scientific models cannot be distributed easily and shared with other scientists. In general, implemented scientific models are complicated, idiosyncratic, and difficult for anyone but the original scientist/programmer to understand. We propose to construct a scientific modeling software tool that serves as an aid to the scientist in developing, using and sharing models. The proposed tool will include an interactive intelligent graphical interface and a high-level domain-specific modeling language. As a test bed for this research, we propose to develop a software prototype in the domain of planetary atmospheric modeling.

Friedland, Peter↗

Improving Data Collection and Analysis Interface for the Data Acquisition Software of the Spin Laboratory at NASA Glenn Research Center

In jet engines, turbines spin at high rotational speeds. The forces generated from these high speeds make the rotating components of the turbines susceptible to developing cracks that can lead to major engine failures. The current inspection technologies only allow periodic examinations to check for cracks and other anomalies due to the requirements involved, which often necessitate entire engine disassembly. Also, many of these technologies cannot detect cracks that are below the surface or closed when the crack is at rest. Therefore, to overcome these limitations, efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center are underway to develop techniques and algorithms to detect cracks in rotating engine components. As a part of these activities, a high-precision spin laboratory is being utilized to expand and conduct highly specialized tests to develop methodologies that can assist in detecting predetermined cracks in a rotating turbine engine rotor. This paper discusses the various features involved in the ongoing testing at the spin laboratory and elaborates on its functionality and on the supporting data system tools needed to enable successfully running optimal tests and collecting accurate results. The data acquisition system and the associated software were updated and customized to adapt to the changes implemented on the test rig system and to accommodate the data produced by various sensor technologies. Discussion and presentation of these updates and the new attributes implemented are herein reported

Abdul-Aziz, Ali↗

Finding the missing pieces: filling gaps that impede the translation of omics data into models

High-throughput omics technologies such as DNA sequencing have made the sequencing and computational assembly of microbial genomes recovered from the environment relatively routine. Computational inference of the protein products encoded by these genomes, and the associated biochemical functions, should enable the accurate prediction and modeling of microbial metabolism, organismal interactions, and ecosystem processes. However, a lack of scalable, probabilistic protein annotation tools limits the full potential of modeling for understanding the metabolism and biogeochemical cycles of microbial communities. Our approach to improve inference of protein annotations and metabolic models relied on learning from and emulating expert manual curation, leveraging software engineering and data science best practices to scale up the throughput and accuracy of annotations and metabolic model construction, building software to objectively evaluate different annotation strategies, and more closely linking the protein annotation and metabolic model inference process. Outcomes of this research include several improved or new computational tools, including DRAM (Distilled and Refined Annotation of Metabolism) for annotating microbial genomes with protein function and metabolic traits, CAMPER (Curated Annotations for Microbial Polyphenol Enzymes and Reactions) for annotating key polyphenol metabolisms, EC-Bench for comprehensive and unbiased benchmarking of annotation tools, and several apps available via the DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) for building genome-scale metabolic models. We demonstrate that these tools allow us to scalably annotate and understand thousands of genomes for microbial communities from a variety of systems and test cases, including rivers, thawing permafrost, and gut microbiomes. All of these computational tools are available as open-source software, with most broadly and easily accessible to the scientific community via KBase apps.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

FORCE Regression Testing

Via programs including the Light Water Reactor Sustainability and Integrated Energy Systems, the U.S. Department of Energy has invested in the Framework for Optimization of ResourCes and Economics (FORCE) software framework (Idaho National Laboratory 2024a) for the technical and economic analysis of nuclear-integrated energy systems (IES). Nuclear IES expand the use of nuclear from traditional baseload electricity generation to a flexible and adaptive source of combined heat and power. Nuclear heat can be used in the production of a variety of energy currencies such as hydrogen and ammonia as well as other heat applications including water desalination and district heating. FORCE is designed with the intent to provide interconnected analysis tools that enable the accurate technical and economic assessment of specific nuclear IES configurations for individual energy markets. FORCE consists of three main analysis pathways: HYBRID (Idaho National Laboratory 2024b), which contains high-resolution physical models for IES; Holistic Energy Resource Optimization Network (HERON) (Idaho National Laboratory 2024c), which analyzes IES long-term economic viability; and Optimization of Real-time Capacity Allocation (ORCA) (Idaho National Laboratory 2024d), designed for real-time control of IES via digital twins and optimal decision making, including autonomous and remote operation research. Development of the FORCE ecosystem is guided by three pillars: capability, which assures that the computational requirements of IES analysis are met by the software tools; reliability, which provides for consistent code performance and expected behaviors; and accessibility, which lowers the barrier to entry for using the software and accelerates analysis by users beyond the FORCE primary developers. Reliability of the FORCE ecosystem is established according to the American Nuclear Society?s Nuclear Quality Assurance (NQA-1) program [American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1982], with specific levels of software quality assurance (SQA) within NQA-1 applied to each software tool in FORCE. As the tools within FORCE have matured, some integration algorithms to accurately connect the software tools for holistic analysis have been developed and deployed within the FORCE software repository. In accordance with NQA-1 standards, regression tests are required to guarantee the software performs consistently even when new capabilities are added to the software. In this report, we document the deployment of both unit tests, which test the consistent behavior of small pieces of the FORCE code base, as well as integration tests, which test the consistent performance of full use cases for the FORCE integration algorithms. We further document the encapsulation of these tests within a test harness, which collectively checks for each successful test completion on demand. Finally, we document the automation of the test harness using GitHub Actions [GitHub 2024], which require all tests succeed before any new capability or other changes can be added to the FORCE integration software

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗

Information Extraction for System-Software Safety Analysis: Calendar Year 2007 Year-End Report

This annual report describes work to integrate a set of tools to support early model-based analysis of failures and hazards due to system-software interactions. The tools perform and assist analysts in the following tasks: 1) extract model parts from text for architecture and safety/hazard models; 2) combine the parts with library information to develop the models for visualization and analysis; 3) perform graph analysis on the models to identify possible paths from hazard sources to vulnerable entities and functions, in nominal and anomalous system-software configurations; 4) perform discrete-time-based simulation on the models to investigate scenarios where these paths may play a role in failures and mishaps; and 5) identify resulting candidate scenarios for software integration testing. This paper describes new challenges in a NASA abort system case, and enhancements made to develop the integrated tool set.

Malin, Jane T.↗

Intelligent Medical Systems for Aerospace Emergency Medical Services

The purpose of this project is to develop a portable, hands free device for emergency medical decision support to be used in remote or confined settings by non-physician providers. Phase I of the project will entail the development of a voice-activated device that will utilize an intelligent algorithm to provide guidance in establishing an airway in an emergency situation. The interactive, hands free software will process requests for assistance based on verbal prompts and algorithmic decision-making. The device will allow the CMO to attend to the patient while receiving verbal instruction. The software will also feature graphic representations where it is felt helpful in aiding in procedures. We will also develop a training program to orient users to the algorithmic approach, the use of the hardware and specific procedural considerations. We will validate the efficacy of this mode of technology application by testing in the Johns Hopkins Department of Emergency Medicine. Phase I of the project will focus on the validation of the proposed algorithm, testing and validation of the decision making tool and modifications of medical equipment. In Phase 11, we will produce the first generation software for hands-free, interactive medical decision making for use in acute care environments.

Epler, John↗