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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2020

Laser speckle contrast imaging of blood microcirculation in pancreatic tissues during laparoscopic interventions

Laser speckle contrast imaging of the microcirculatory bed of the pancreas is performed, which allows its condition to be assessed and thereby is an additional valuable tool for making a diagnostic decision and dynamically monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment for pathology of the abdominal organs. Laparoscopic operations on the pancreas are low-traumatic and in most cases avoid open surgical interventions. For the first time an experimental system for recording speckle images, combined with a commercially available five-millimetre rigid laparoscope, is presented. The sensitivity of the system to the fluid motion in a capillary at different velocities is determined, and the possibility of finding areas of blood microcirculation disturbance in modelling pancreatic ischemia in an experiment on laboratory animals is revealed. The laparoscope illumination channel is verified by comparison with speckle dynamics under external illumination of the studied object. (paper)

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

VISTA Enhancer browser: an updated database of tissue-specific developmental enhancers

Regulatory elements (enhancers) are major drivers of gene expression in mammals and harbor many genetic variants associated with human diseases. Here, we present an updated VISTA Enhancer Browser (https://enhancer.lbl.gov), a database of transgenic enhancer assays conducted in developing mouse embryos in vivo. Since the original publication in 2007, the database grew nearly 20-fold from 250 to over 4500 experiments and currently harbors over 23 500 images. The updated database provides structured information on experiments conducted at different stages of embryonic development, including enhancer activities of human pathogenic and synthetic variants and sequences derived from a variety of species. In addition to manually curated results of thousands of individual experiments, the new database also features hundreds of manually curated comparisons between alleles. The VISTA Enhancer Browser provides a crucial resource for study of human genetic variation, gene regulation and developmental biology.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2023

Electron paramagnetic resonance dose measurements in teeth of tissue donors to the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries

Abstract The United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries (USTUR) is a research program that studies actinide biokinetics in occupationally exposed individuals with known intakes of these elements. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in tooth enamel was applied to reconstruct external doses of nine USTUR registrants. Only in two cases there is a reasonable agreement between the EPR-measured dose and the worksite external dose record. For two registrants, high EPR doses can be explained by possible cancer radiotherapy. For the remaining five cases, EPR doses significantly exceed official occupational doses with no plausible explanation for the observed discrepancy. More EPR dose measurements need to be done to explain this anomaly.

Environmental Sciences & Ecology↗
DOE OSTI2024

Binding profiles for 961 Drosophila and C. elegans transcription factors reveal tissue-specific regulatory relationships

A catalog of transcription factor (TF) binding sites in the genome is critical for deciphering regulatory relationships. Here, we present the culmination of the efforts of the modENCODE (model organism Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) and modERN (model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Networks) consortia to systematically assay TF binding events in vivo in two major model organisms,Drosophila melanogaster(fly) andCaenorhabditis elegans(worm). These data sets comprise 605 TFs identifying 3.6 M sites in the fly and 356 TFs identifying 0.9 M sites in the worm, and represent the majority of the regulatory space in each genome. We demonstrate that TFs associate with chromatin in clusters termed “metapeaks,” that larger metapeaks have characteristics of high-occupancy target (HOT) regions, and that the importance of consensus sequence motifs bound by TFs depends on metapeak size and complexity. Combining ChIP-seq data with single-cell RNA-seq data in a machine-learning model identifies TFs with a prominent role in promoting target gene expression in specific cell types, even differentiating between parent–daughter cells during embryogenesis. These data are a rich resource for the community that should fuel and guide future investigations into TF function. To facilitate data accessibility and utility, all strains expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged TFs are available at the stock centers for each organism. The chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data are available through the ENCODE Data Coordinating Center, GEO, and through a direct interface that provides rapid access to processed data sets and summary analyses, as well as widgets to probe the cell-type-specific TF–target relationships.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology↗