Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “arches”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1982

X-ray spectrum of Capella and its relation to coronal structure and ultraviolet emission

The binary system Capella has been observed on 1979 March 15 and on 1980 March 15-17, with the objective grating spectrometer on board the Einstein Observatory. The spectrum measured with the 1000 1/mm grating covers the range 5-30 A with a resolution less than 1 A. The spectra show evidence for a bimodal temperature distribution of emission measure in an optically thin plasma with one component about 5,000,000 K and the other one about 10,000,000 K. Spectral features can be identified with line emissions from O VIII, Fe XVII, Fe XVIII, Fe XXIV, and Ne X ions. Good spectral fits have been obtained assuming standard cosmic abundances. The data are interpreted in terms of emission from hot static coronal loops rather similar to the magnetic arch structures found on the sun. It is shown that the conditions for such a model can exist on Capella. Typical values of loop base pressure and half-length are derived for both temperature components and discussed in relation to UV observations.

Mewe, R.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Microwaves and hard X-rays from solar flares - Multithermal and nonthermal interpretations

It is generally accepted that the hard X rays and centimeter-wavelength (microwave) radio emission from impulsive solar flares come from a common source. The present investigation is concerned with the development of a model for impulsive hard X rays and microwaves under the assumption that they arise from the same distribution of electrons, possibly, but not necessarily, from the same volume of space. An examination is conducted of a model in which the hard X rays and microwaves are produced in a homogeneous volume by a power-law electron distribution (nonthermal model). An investigation is also performed of a multithermal model in which the hard X rays and microwaves come from an inhomogeneous source, a nest of magnetic arches in which the highest temperature electrons are confined to a small core, and where, away from the core, the temperature decreases. It is found that more or less satisfactory models can be constructed using either multithermal or nonthermal, power-law electron distributions.

Dulk, G. A.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Identification of a precambrian rift through Missouri by digital image processing of geophysical and geological data

A newly discovered feature in the midcontinent - a gravity low that begins at a break in the midcontinent gravity high in SE Nebraska, extends across Missouri in a NW-SE direction, and intersects the Mississippi Valley graben to form the Pascola arch - is discussed. The anomaly varies from 120 to 160 km in width, extends approximately 700 km, and is best expressed in southern Missouri, where it has a Bouguer amplitude of about -34 mGal. It is noted that the magnitude of the anomaly cannot be explained on the basis of a thickened section of Paleozoic sedimentary rock. The gravity data and the sparse seismic refraction data for the region are found to be consistent with an increased crustal thickness beneath the gravity low. It is thought that the gravity anomaly is probably the present expression of a failed arm of a rifting event, perhaps one associated with the spreading that led to or preceded formation of the granite and rhyolite terrain of southern Missouri.

Guinness, E. A.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A File Archival System

ARCH, file archival system for DEC VAX, provides for easy offline storage and retrieval of arbitrary files on DEC VAX system. System designed to eliminate situations that tie up disk space and lead to confusion when different programers develop different versions of same programs and associated files.

Fanselow, J. L.↗
NASA NTRS1982

A nonlinear structural concept for compliant walls

Two mechanisms of drag reduction for flow over flat plates were investigated. The first mechanism employs Bushnell's hypothesis that compliant walls produce drag reduction by interfering with the formation of the turbulent spots in a turbulent boundary layer. It is shown that the amplitudes and frequencies of compliant wall motions for drag reduction might be achieved by using slightly curved walls and the resulting large amplitude motions of snap buckling. A simple structural model of an arch is used in the analysis, and an asymptotic method is developed. The required wall motions can be obtained by using materials like mylar. In addition, the delay of transition from laminar to turbulent flow by driven walls was studied for Poiseuille channel flow. The walls are driven by a periodic traveling wave. A significant increase in the transitional Reynolds number is obtained by appropriately prescibing the wavelength and phase velocity of the wall motion. Previously developed asymptotic methods are used in the analysis.

Reiss, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1983

On the resolvent condition in the Kreiss matrix theorem

The Kreiss Matrix Theorem asserts the uniform equivalence over all N x N matrices of power boundedness and a certain resolvent estimate. It is shown that the ratio of the constants in these two conditions grows linearly with N, and the optimal proportionality factor is obtained up to a factor of 2. Analogous results are also given for the related problem involving matrix exponentials. The proofs make use of a lemma that may be of independent interest, which bounds the arch length of the image of a circle in the complex plane under a rational function.

Leveque, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Orientation and origin of ridges in the Lunae Palus - Coprates region of Mars

By analogy with lunar mare ridges and from morphologic evidence, such as the smooth slopes of arches, the wrinkle ridges of the Tharsis region of Mars are interpreted to primarily result from compressional folding of the volcanic plains. Comparison of ridge orientations in the Lunae Palus and Coprates quadrangles to a Tharsis center indicates that more than 60% of the total length of ridges is orthogonal to a normal from this center. Graben trends in surrounding terrain indicate that nonorthogonal ridges are not significantly affected by regional scale structures. Comparison of orthogonal and nonorthogonal ridge frequencies suggests that loading due to the Tharsis plateau produced compressional features as far as 4000 km from the center of the load, and that additional compressional stress sources are needed to account for ridge systems at greater distances from the Tharsis plateau.

Maxwell, T. A.↗
NASA NTRS1983

A quasi-Newton versus a homotopy method for nonlinear structural analysis

The globally convergent quasi-Newton minimization algorithm and the homotopy algorithms are discussed in detail and their effectiveness in solving certain classes of highly nonlinear problems of structural analysis is demonstrated. The application of the double dogleg strategy controls the directions and step-lengths of the quasi-Newtonian algorithm and overcomes the problem of nonpositive definite Hessians being produced during the iteration process. The algorithms are applied to a centrally loaded clamped beam, the snap-through of a shallow arch, and a shallow reticulated dome.

Kamat, M. P.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Purely coronal flare-like variations

Quasiperiodic X-ray, UV, microwave, and metric-wave variations after a solar flare on November 6, 1980 are reported and analyzed, based on observational data from SMM (HXRBS, UVSP, HXIS), GOES-2, the 100-m radiotelescope at Bonn, and the Nancay radioheliograph. The maxima of the 13 brightenings observed are listed and characterized; a comparison is made with a 'normal' flare at 17:26 UT on the same day. The HXIS and UVSP data are discussed in terms of the physical properties, X-ray flux, O V flux, and H-alpha flux. The variations are found to be mainly thermal and purely coronal, with no chromospheric (H-alpha) participation (in contrast to the 17:26 flare). Since strong X-ray emissions were observed which should have involved the chromosphere through magnetic-field-line heat conduction, it is proposed that the variations wre produced ina coronal plasmoid magnetically separate from the chromosphere. A mechanism for the evolution of such a plasmoid from the upper loops of a giant X-ray arch is discussed. An iterative HXIS-image-deconvolution process is presented in an appendix.

Svestka, Z.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Predicting the Reliability of Solar-Cell Interconnections

The reduction of life expectancy by thermal cycling calculated during design. Connections between solar cells critical parts of solarcell arrays generating electric power. Reliability affects life expectancy of modules, panels, and arrays. Used to predict stress-cycle lifetimes of such structures as arches, walkways, cylindrical ribbing of aircraft fuselages and submarine hulls, and pipeline expansion loops. Testing costs reduced by about 90 percent.

Mon, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1984

US Aeromagnetic and Satellite Magnetic Anomaly Comparisons

Scalar aeromagnetic data obtained by the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office (NOO) Vector Magnetic Survey of the conterminous U.S. were screened for periods of intense diurnal magnetic activity and reduced to anomaly form, filtered, and continued upward. A number of correlations between the NOO, POGO and preliminary MAGSAT data are evident at satellite elevations, including a prominent transcontinental magnetic high which extends from the Anadarko Basin to the Cincinnati Arch. The transcontinental magnetic high is breached by negative anomalies located over the Rio Grande Rift and Mississippi River Aulacogen. Differentially reduced-to-pole NOO and POGO magnetic anomaly data show that the transcontinental magnetic high corresponds to a well-defined regional trend of negative free-air gravity and enhanced crustal thickness anomalies.

Vonfrese, R. R. B.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A facility for investigating interactions of energetic atomic oxygen with solids

A facility for the investigation of the interactions of energetic atomic oxygen with solids is described. The facility is comprised of a four-chambered, differentially pumped molecular beam apparatus which can be equipped with one of a variety of sources of atomic oxygen. The primary source is a dc arch-heated supersonic nozzle source which produces a flux of atomic oxygen in excess of 10 to the 15th power/cu cm/sec at the target, at a velocity of 3.5 km/sec. Results of applications of this facility to the study of the reactions of atomic oxygen with carbon and polyimide films are briefly reviewed and compared to data obtained on various flights of the space shuttle.

Arnold, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Possible observation of a disconnected magnetic structure in a coronal transient

Solar Maximum Mission coronagraph/polarimeter observations of the coronal transient of March 15-16, 1980, which show a bright front convex toward the sun propagating out through the corona at 175 km/sec, are reported. A fan-shaped bright region connecting this front to the inner corona collapses into a narrow, bright ray over the next few hours. These observations are interpreted as resulting from the disconnection of magnetic loops from the underlying prominencelike loop structures seen rising earlier in the event. Other similar inverted arches exist in the C/P data, but are usually seen with poorer temporal resolution.

Illing, R. M. E.↗
NASA NTRS1984

A nonlinear structural concept for drag-reducing compliant walls

Two mechanisms of drag reduction for flow over flat plates were investigated. The first mechanism employs Bushnell's hypothesis that compliant walls produce drag reduction by interfering with the formation of the turbulent spots in a turbulent boundary layer. It is shown that the amplitudes and frequencies of compliant wall motions for drag reduction might be achieved by using slightly curved walls and the resulting large amplitude motions of snap buckling. A simple structural model of an arch is used in the analysis, and an asymptotic method is developed. The required wall motions can be obtained by using materials like mylar. In addition, the delay of transition from laminar to turbulent flow by driven walls was studied for Poiseuille channel flow. The walls are driven by a periodic traveling wave. A significant increase in the transitional Reynolds number is obtained by appropriately prescribing the wavelength and phase velocity of the wall motion. Previously developed asymptotic methods are used in the analysis. Previously announced in STAR as N83-11061

Reiss, E. L.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Evidence for magnetic field rearrangement in a solar flare

An example of the change in transverse magnetic field in the course of a solar flare is presented. A filament consisting of sheared field lines along an inversion line of longitudinal field is replaced by a set of much shorter field transition arches across the inversion line. The eruption itself results from the invasion of the area by fields associated with a moving sunspot.

Zirin, H.↗
NASA NTRS1984

Structure and polarization of active region microwave emission

Active region radio emission observations made at 6.16 cm wavelength during May 20-27, 1980, are the bases of maps of total intensity and circular polarization presented for the three regions whose Hale numbers are 16850, 16863, and 16864. A detailed comparison is made between these maps and on- and off-band H-alpha pictures and magnetograms. The neutral lines with which the strongest sources were associated have their two opposite polarities close to each other, implying a high magnetic field gradient, and are also associated with arch filament systems. A detailed analysis is undertaken of observations of the circular polarization sense inversion in region 16863. The large scale structure of the magnetic field can be approximated by a dipole with its axis inclined by 11 deg with respect to the photosphere, and with a dipole moment of about 2 x 10 to the 31 power cgs units.

Kundu, M. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

The rise and fall of sunspot group 18962 - A case of magnetic submergence

Normal sunspot groups emerge from below the surface as a big arch; the footpoints form a dipole that moves apart and the fields eventually diffuse and disappear. BBSO 18962 was a small dipole with elements which, after spreading apart in the first day of existence, drew back together and disappeared below the surface. It is proposed that the flux loop was pulled back down by magnetic tension and submerged. The circumstances suggest that this behavior may not be uncommon. It implies that some dipoles do not decouple from subsurface fields.

Zirin, H.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Emerging flux in active regions

The rates at which flux emerges in active and quiet solar regions within the sunspot belts are compared. The emerging flux regions (EFRs) were identified by the appearance of arch filament structures in H-alpha. All EFRs in high resolution films of active regions made at Big Bear in 1978 were counted. The comparable rate of flux emergence in quiet regions was obtained from SGD data and independently from EFRs detected outside the active region perimeter on the same films. The rate of flux emergence is 10 times higher in active regions than in quiet regions. A sample of all active regions in 31 days of 1983 gave a ratio of 7.5. Possible mechanisms which might funnel new magnetic flux to regions of strong magnetic field are discussed.

Liggett, M.↗