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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2011

In-situ X-ray diffraction study of carbonate formation and decomposition in perovskite-type BCFZ

The effect of CO{sub 2} on the two phase perovskite with average composition of BaCo{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 0.4}Zr{sub 0.2}O{sub 3-{delta}} is investigated by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Partial decomposition of the BCFZ into high-temperature rhombohedral BaCO{sub 3} polymorph was observed during annealing in an atmosphere, which contained 50 vol% CO{sub 2}/50 vol% N{sub 2} at 1173 K. This carbonate structure is not quenchable and cannot be detected by ex-situ methods. Additionally, the reversible phase transition of BaCO{sub 3} from orthorhombic to rhombohedral to cubic at different temperatures accompanied by formation of CoO was shown by in-situ XRD and TEM. Furthermore, complete regeneration of perovskite phase was obtained after high-temperature treatment under CO{sub 2}-free conditions. -- Graphical abstract: In-situ XRD of BCFZ powder in the atmosphere containing 50% CO{sub 2} and 50% N{sub 2} at different temperatures showing formation of BaCO{sub 3} and their phase transition. Display Omitted Highlights: {yields} Partial BCFZ decomposition. {yields} Rapid formation of rhombohedral BaCO{sub 3} after exposure of the CO{sub 2} at 1173 K. {yields} Reversible phase transition of BaCO{sub 3}. {yields} Formation of CoO and tetragonal disordered Fe-enriched perovskite phase. {yields} Complete regeneration of BCFZ after removing of CO{sub 2}.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Controlled synthesis of monodispersed AgGaS{sub 2} 3D nanoflowers and the shape evolution from nanoflowers to colloids

Monodispersed AgGaS{sub 2} three-dimensional (3D) nanoflowers have been successfully synthesized in a 'soft-chemical' system with the mixture of 1-octyl alcohol and cyclohexane as reaction medium and oleylamine as surfactant. The crystal phase, morphology and chemical composition of the as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HTEM), respectively. Results reveal that the as-synthesized AgGaS{sub 2} nanoflowers are in tetragonal structure with 3D flower-like shape. Controlled experiments demonstrated that the shape transformation of AgGaS{sub 2} nanocrystals from 3D nanoflowers (50 nm) to nanoparticles (10-20 nm) could be readily realized by tuning the reaction parameters, e.g., the ratio of octanol to cyclohexane, the length of carbon chain of fatty alcohol, the concentration of oleylamine, etc. The UV-vis and PL spectra of the obtained AgGaS{sub 2} nanoflowers and colloids were researched. In addition, the photoelectron energy conversion (SPV) of AgGaS{sub 2} nanoflowers was further researched by the surface photovoltage spectra. -- Graphical abstract: Various AgGaS{sub 2} nanocrystals with different morphologies and sizes including 3D nanoflowers (a) and colloids (b) were synthesized in mixed solvent reaction system and their PL spectra was researched (c). Display Omitted highlights: > Ternary chalcogenide AgGaS{sub 2} nanocrystals were synthesized in a simple mixed solvent system. > The shape and size transformation of AgGaS{sub 2} from 3D nanoflowers to colloids could be tuned effectively. > AgGaS{sub 2} nanoflowers was obtained with relatively insufficient ligands protection in reaction system, otherwise, AgGaS{sub 2} colloids was obtained. > Provide a new choice to prepare ternary nanomaterials and further understand the reaction mechanisms along with the growth kinetics of ternary nanocrystals.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2023

Quantitative Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for Materials Science: Imaging, Diffraction, Spectroscopy, and Tomography

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is one of the most powerful characterization tools in materials science research. Due to instrumentation developments such as highly coherent electron sources, aberration correctors, and direct electron detectors, STEM experiments can examine the structure and properties of materials at length scales of functional devices and materials down to single atoms. STEM encompasses a wide array of flexible operating modes, including imaging, diffraction, spectroscopy, and 3D tomography experiments. This review outlines many common STEM experimental methods with a focus on quantitative data analysis and simulation methods, especially those enabled by open source software. The hope is to introduce both classic and new experimental methods to materials scientists and summarize recent progress in STEM characterization. The review also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the various STEM methodologies and briefly considers promising future directions for quantitative STEM research.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2014

Effect of nano-sized Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} addition on the transport properties of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ}

The effect of nano-sized Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} (10 - 30 nm) addition on YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ}(Co{sub 3}O{sub 4}){sub x} with x = 0 to 0.12 wt.% has been investigated by powder X-ray diffraction method, dc electrical resistance measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} particle size was larger than the coherence length but smaller than the penetration depth of the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7−δ} superconductor. The onset transition temperature (T{sub c} {sub onset}) showed no significant changes for low Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} addition (x ≤ 0.02 wt. %) and then decreased monotonically with the increase in Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} content indicating a pair-breaking like mechanism in T{sub c} suppression for x = 0.03 to 0.12 wt. %. A sudden broadening of the superconducting-transition-width for x ≥ 0.11 wt. % was also observed. The transport properties were measured and related to the microstructure. Scanning electron micrographs showed homogeneous distribution of Co{sub 3}O{sub 4} throughout the samples and the distance between particles was smaller than 1 μm but larger than the typical Abrikosov vortex lattice constant.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2023

Two-level systems in nucleated and non-nucleated epitaxial alpha-tantalum films

Building usefully coherent superconducting quantum processors depends on reducing losses in their constituent materials. Tantalum, like niobium, has proven utility as the primary superconducting layer within highly coherent qubits. However, unlike Nb, high temperatures are typically used to stabilize the desirable body-centered-cubic phase, α-Ta, during thin film deposition. It has long been known that a thin Nb layer permits the room-temperature nucleation of α-Ta, but here we observe the epitaxial process and present few-photon microwave loss measurements in Nb-nucleated Ta films. We compare resonators patterned from Ta films grown at high temperature (500 °C) and films nucleated at room temperature, in order to understand the impact of the crystalline order on quantum coherence. In both cases, films grew with Al 2 O 3 (001) ∥ Ta (110), indicating that the epitaxial orientation is independent of temperature and is preserved across the Nb/Ta interface. We use conventional low-power spectroscopy to measure two level system (TLS) loss as well as an electric-field bias technique to measure the effective dipole moments of TLS in the surfaces of resonators. In our measurements, Nb-nucleated Ta resonators had greater loss tangent (1.5 ± 0.1 × 10 -5 ) than non-nucleated (5 ± 1× 10 -6 ) in approximate proportion to defect densities as characterized by x-ray diffraction (0.27° vs 0.18° [110] reflection width) and electron microscopy (30 vs 70 nm domain size). Furthermore, the dependence of the loss tangent on domain size indicates that the development of more ordered Ta films is likely to lead to improvements in qubit coherence times. Moreover, low-temperature α-Ta epitaxy may enable the growth of microstate-free heterostructures, which would not withstand high temperature processing.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2010

Colossal Electroresistive Properties Of CSD Grown Pr{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3} Films For Nonvolatile Memory Applications

Colossal electroresistance effects upon application of electric field in perovskite oxide Pr{sub 0.7}Ca{sub 0.3}MnO{sub 3}(PCMO) thin films, which is a promising candidate for resistance random access memory (RRAM) device have been investigated. Nanocrystalline PCMO films were grown on SiO{sub 2} substrates by chemical solution deposition and crystallized at 700 deg. C under different gas atmospheres. Four terminal current voltage characteristics of Ag/PCMO/Ag planar geometry exhibited a sharp transition from a low resistance state (LRS) to a high resistance state (HRS) with a resistance switching ratio of as high as 1100% at room temperature. Nonvolatility and high retention was confirmed by electric pulse induced resistive switching measurements. The resistance switching ratios were found to depend on the annealing conditions, suggesting an interaction between the nonlattice oxygen and oxygen vacancies and/or the cationic vacancy.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Crystallographic and magnetic characterisation of the brownmillerite Sr{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 5}

Sr{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 5} with the perovskite-related brownmillerite structure has been synthesised via quenching, with the orthorhombic unit cell parameters a=5.4639(3) A, b=15.6486(8) A and c=5.5667(3) A based on refinement of neutron powder diffraction data collected at 4 K. Electron microscopy revealed L-R-L-R-intralayer ordering of chain orientations, which require a doubling of the unit cell along the c-parameter, consistent with the assignment of the space group Pcmb. However, on the length scale pertinent to NPD, no long-range order is observed and the disordered space group Imma appears more appropriate. The magnetic structure corresponds to G-type order with a moment of 3.00(4) {mu}{sub B} directed along [1 0 0]. -- Graphical abstract: Possible ordering of the tetrahedral chains in Sr{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 5}. Display Omitted Research highlights: {yields} Sr{sub 2}Co{sub 2}O{sub 5} has alternating (L and R) chains in a given tetrahedral layer. {yields} Order between layers is limited. {yields} NPD shows no evidence for the doubled unit cell-averaged structure. {yields} The length scale for a given technique is critical in considering space group.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Microwave absorption properties and infrared emissivities of ordered mesoporous C-TiO{sub 2} nanocomposites with crystalline framework

Ordered mesoporous C-TiO{sub 2} nanocomposites with crystalline framework were prepared by the evaporation-induced triconstituent co-assembly method. The products were characterized by XRD, TEM, N{sub 2} adsorption-desorption and TG. Their microwave absorption properties were investigated by mixing the product and epoxy resin. It is found that the peak with minimum reflection loss value moves to lower frequencies and the ordered mesoporous C-TiO{sub 2} nanocomposite possesses an excellent microwave absorbing property with the maximum reflection loss of -25.4 dB and the bandwidth lower than -10 dB is 6.6 GHz. The attenuation of microwave can be attributed to dielectric loss and their absorption mechanism is discussed in detail. The mesoporous C-TiO{sub 2} nanocomposites also exhibit a lower infrared emissivity in the wavelength from 8 to 14 {mu}m than that of TiO{sub 2}-free powder. -- Graphical abstract: Ordered mesoporous C-TiO{sub 2} nanocomposite with crystalline framework possess excellent microwave absorbing properties with the maximum reflection loss of -25.4 dB and the bandwidth lower than -10 dB is 6.6 GHz. Display Omitted

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Rapid crystallization and morphological adjustment of zeolite ZSM-5 in nonionic emulsions

Zeolite ZSM-5 was synthesized for the first time in a nonionic emulsion composed of polyoxyethylated alkylphenol, butanol, cyclohexane and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH)-containing zeolite synthesis mixture. The crystallization kinetics in the emulsion was investigated and the ZSM-5 product was characterized in detail by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TG, N{sub 2} adsorption and CHN analysis techniques. Compared with the conventionally hydrothermal synthesis with the same structure directing agent TEAOH, the emulsion system allows rapid crystallization of ZSM-5. The ZSM-5 product exhibits unusual agglomerated structure and possesses larger specific surface area. The FT-IR, TG results plus CHN analysis show the encapsulation of a trace of emulsion components in the emulsion ZSM-5. Control experiments show the emulsion system exerts the crystallization induction and morphological adjustment effects mainly during the aging period. The effects are tentatively attributed to the confined space domains, surfactant-water interaction as well as surfactant-growing crystals interaction existing in the emulsion. -- Graphical abstract: The nonionic emulsion synthesis allows rapid crystallization and morphological adjustment of zeolite ZSM-5 compared with the conventional hydrothermal synthesis. Display Omitted

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Thermodynamical and structural insights of orange II adsorption by Mg{sub R}AlNO{sub 3} layered double hydroxides

[Mg{sub 1-x} Al{sub x}(OH){sub 2}][(NO{sub 3}){sub x}, nH{sub 2}O] Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) sorbents with variable Mg/Al molar (R=(1-x)/x) ratios were investigated for adsorption of azo dye, orange II (OII) at various pH and temperature conditions. Mg{sub 2}AlNO{sub 3} displays the highest adsorption capacity with 3.611 mmol of OII per gram of Mg{sub 2}AlNO{sub 3} at 40 {sup o}C. Adsorption isotherms have been fitted using the Langmuir model and free energy of adsorption ({Delta}G{sup o}), enthalpy ({Delta}H{sup o}) and entropy ({Delta}S{sup o}) were calculated. The experimental values for {Delta}G{sup o} in temperature range between 10 and 40 {sup o}C were found to be negative indicating that a spontaneous process occurred. Positive calculated enthalpy values, characteristic of an endothermic process were found. Characterization of solids (PXRD, FTIR, UV-vis, TGA/DTA, adsorption isotherm BET analysis, SEM and Zetametry) before and after adsorption showed that adsorption proceeds in two steps. First, adsorption occurs at the LDH surface, followed by intercalation via anion exchange. -- Graphical Abstract: Structural and thermodynamical insight of adsorption/Intercalation of OII in Mg{sub R}Al LDH Display Omitted Highlights: {yields} The nitrate containing hydrotalcite-like compounds (Mg{sub R}AlNO{sub 3} LDH) were prepared by the coprecipitation method. {yields} Adsorption of anionic orange dye(OII) is studied on LDHs at different temperatures. {yields} The adsorption process is well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. {yields} Mg{sub 2}AlNO{sub 3} displays the highest adsorption capacity with 3.611 mmol of OII per gram of Mg{sub 2}AlNO{sub 3} at 40 {sup o}C. {yields} Adsorption process does not occur on the surface of the LDH only but an intercalation process is also occurring concomitantly according to the thermodynamical values.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Synthesis and characterization of monodisperse, mesoporous, and magnetic sub-micron particles doped with a near-infrared fluorescent dye

Recently, multifunctional silica nanoparticles have been investigated extensively for their potential use in biomedical applications. We have prepared sub-micron monodisperse and stable multifunctional mesoporous silica particles with a high level of magnetization and fluorescence in the near infrared region using an one-pot synthesis technique. Commercial magnetite nanocrystals and a conjugated-NIR-dye were incorporated inside the particles during the silica condensation reaction. The particles were then coated with polyethyleneglycol to stop aggregation. X-ray diffraction, N{sub 2} adsorption analysis, TEM, fluorescence and absorbance measurements were used to structurally characterize the particles. These mesoporous silica spheres have a large surface area (1978 m{sup 2}/g) with 3.40 nm pore diameter and a high fluorescence in the near infrared region at {lambda}=700 nm. To explore the potential of these particles for drug delivery applications, the pore accessibility to hydrophobic drugs was simulated by successfully trapping a hydrophobic ruthenium dye complex inside the particle with an estimated concentration of 3 wt%. Fluorescence imaging confirmed the presence of both NIR dye and the post-grafted ruthenium dye complex inside the particles. These particles moved at approximately 150 {mu}m/s under the influence of a magnetic field, hence demonstrating the multifunctionality and potential for biomedical applications in targeting and imaging. - Graphical Abstract: Hydrophobic fluorescent Ruthenium complex has been loaded into the mesopores as a surrogate drug to simulate drug delivery and to enhance the multifunctionality of the magnetic NIR emitting particles. Highlights: > Monodisperse magnetic mesoporous silica particles emitting in the near infrared region are obtained in one-pot synthesis. > We prove the capacity of such particles to uptake hydrophobic dye to mimic drug loading. > Loaded fluorescent particles can be moved under a magnetic field in a microfluidic device.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Highly ordered Zn-doped mesoporous silica: An efficient catalyst for transesterification reaction

Designing highly ordered material with nanoscale periodicity is of great significance in the field of solid state chemistry. Herein, we report the synthesis of highly ordered 2D-hexagonal mesoporous zinc-doped silica using a mixture of anionic and cationic surfactants under hydrothermal conditions. Powder XRD, N{sub 2} sorption, TEM analysis revealed highly ordered 2D-hexagonal arrangements of the pores with very good surface area (762 m{sup 2} g{sup -1}) in this Zn-rich mesoporous material. Chemical analysis shows very high loading of zinc (ca. 12.0 wt%) in the material together with retention of hexagonal pore structure. Interestingly, high temperature calcination resulted into zinc silicate phase, unlike any ZnO phase, which otherwise is expected under heat treatments. High surface area together with Zn loading in this mesoporous material has been found useful for the catalytic activity of the materials in the acid-catalyzed transesterification reactions of various esters under mild liquid phase conditions. - Graphical abstract: Zn-rich 2D-hexagonal mesoporous materials are synthesized hydrothermally, which show very good catalytic activity in the transesterification reaction under mild liquid phase reaction conditions. Highlights: > Zn-rich 2D-hexagonal mesoporous silica. > High surface area material. > Efficient catalyst in liquid phase transesterification reaction. > Biodiesel production.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2011

Correlation of optical properties and temperature-induced irreversible phase transitions in europium-doped yttrium carbonate nanoparticles

Nanophase europium-doped yttrium carbonate precursors are subjected to heat treatments, ranging from 300 Degree-Sign C to 1100 Degree-Sign C for dwell times of 5 min, 30 min, and 180 min. XRD, TEM, FT-IR, fluorescence, fluorescence excitation, and fluorescence lifetime measurements are used to characterize the materials. Upon heating, the material transitions through several amorphous stages until it reaches the crystalline cubic Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase. DSC measurements show an exothermic transition at 665.7 Degree-Sign C, indicating the formation of crystalline Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The grain size development is fitted by the relaxation equation and yields an activation energy of 50.3 kJ/mol. The amorphous phases are characterized by inhomogenously broadened optical spectra. Heating up to 700 Degree-Sign C leads to an increased fluorescence lifetime (from about 1 ms to 2.4 ms). As the material is heated to higher temperatures and completes the formation of the crystalline cubic Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase, the optical spectra become narrower and the fluorescence lifetime decreases to about 1.2 ms. - Graphical abstract: Fluorescence lifetimes of Eu-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} precursors heated for 5, 30, and 180 min to various temperatures. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Irreversible phase transitions in nanoparticles are of interest for thermometry. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Eu-doped nanophase yttrium carbonate precursors were heat-treated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The material undergoes decomposition and crystallization. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Morphological and optical properties are measured. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Optical properties can be used to deduce the temperature.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2010

Growth And Gas Sensing Properties Of Dielectrophoretically Isolated CuO-W{sub 18}O{sub 49} Heterostructures

Hierarchical heterostructures consisting of W{sub 18}O{sub 49} nanowires grown on CuO nanowires have been prepared and studied for their gas sensing properties. SEM images show that W{sub 18}O{sub 49} initially grow as an shell over core CuO nanowire with protusion like branches whose thickness depends on oxygen partial pressure. These CuO:W{sub 18}O{sub 49} structures were dielectrophoretically isolated and studied for their gas sensing properties. The results show potential of use of tailored hierarchical heterostructures for the fabrication of gas sensors.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2010

Charge Transport Characteristics Of Cobalt Phthalocyanine Thin Films Grown By Molecular Beam Epitaxy

In the recent times organic semiconductors (OSC) have received attention because of their application in low-cost, flexible, and large area electronics devices. The application of OSC thin films has been limited due to their low charge carrier mobility ({approx}0.1 cm{sup 2}/V-s). We have investigated the effect of substrate on structure and charge transport characteristics of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) films. Thin films have been grown on both single crystal (sapphire and LaAlO{sub 3}) and amorphous (quartz) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy system. The films grown on LaAlO{sub 3} substrates exhibited a higher value of mobility ({approx}4 cm{sup 2}/V-s) while those grown on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} and quartz showed mobility value of {approx}1 cm{sup 2}/V-s. High mobility for LaAlO{sub 3} substrates has been attributed to the enhanced ordering of the molecules due to natural twin boundaries of substrates. In order to further confirm role of grain boundaries in aligning the CoPc molecules, we measured the charge transport on films deposited at bi-crystal SrTiO{sub 3} substrates. The results showed that current along bi-crystal grain boundary is three orders of magnitude higher than for films on SrTiO{sub 3} substrate without grain boundary, which confirms our hypothesis of ordering of molecules along grain boundaries.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

HVOF coatings of Diamalloy 2002 and Diamalloy 4010 onto steel: Tensile and bending response of coatings

HVOF coating of Diamalloy 2002 powders and Diamalloy 4010 powders as well as two-layered coatings consisting of these powders is carried out. In the two-layered structure, Diamalloy 4010 is sprayed at the substrate surface while Diamalloy 2002 is sprayed on the top of Diamalloy 4010 coating. The mechanical properties of the coatings are examined through tensile and three-point bending tests. The coating microstructure and morphology are examined using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that the coating produced is free from defects including voids and cracks. The failure mechanism of coating during tensile and three-point bending tests is mainly crack formation and propagation in the coating. The elastic modulus of coating produced from Diamalloy 2002 is higher than that of Diamalloy 4010 coating, which is due to the presence of 12% WC in the coating.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Oxynitrided Surface Layer Produced On Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy Under Low Temperature Glow Discharge Conditions For Medical Applications

In spite that titanium oxides increase biocompatibility of titanium implants but their functional life is limited due to the problems arising from brittles and metalosis. Therefore technology, that allow to produce composite surface layer with controlled microstructure, chemical and phase composition and surface morphology on titanium alloy and eliminates the oxides disadvantages has been existing till now is searched. The requirements of titanium and its alloys implants can be fulfill by the low-temperature glow discharge assisted oxynitriding.The paper describes the surface layer of TiO{sub 2}+TiN+Ti{sub 2}N+{alpha}Ti(N) type produced at temperature 680 deg. C that preserves mechanical properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Characteristics of produced diffusion multi-phase surface layers in range of phase composition, microstructure (SEM, TEM, XRD) and its properties, such as frictional wear resistance are presented. The biological properties in dependency to the applied sterilization method are also analyzed.Properties of produced surface layers are discussed with reference to titanium alloy. The obtained data show that produced surface layers improves titanium alloy properties both frictional wear and biological. Preliminary in vitro examinations show good biocompatibility and antithrombogenic properties.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2011

Mechanical Properties of Laser Heat Treated 6 mm Thick UHSS-Steel

In this work abrasion resistant (AR) steel with a sheet thickness of 6 mm was heat treated by a 4 kW Nd:YAG and a 4 kW Yb:Yag-laser, followed by self-quenching. In the delivered condition, test material blank (B27S) is water quenched from 920 deg. C. In this condition, fully martensitic microstructure provides excellent hardness of over 500 HB. The test material is referred to AR500 from now onwards. Laser heat treatment was carried out only on top surface of the AR500 sheet: the achieved maximum temperature in the cross-section varies as a function of the depth. Consequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties differ between the surfaces and the centre of the cross-section (layered microstructure). For better understanding, all layers were tested in tensile tests. For a wide heat treatment track, the laser beam was moved by scanning. Temperatures were measured using thermographic camera and thermocouples. Laser heat treated AR500 samples were tested in hardness tests and by air bending using a press brake machine. Microstructures were studied using a light microscope and FE-SEM/SEM-EBSD. At least three kind of microstructure layers were observed: 1) Dual-Phase ferritic/martensitic (T = A{sub C1}-A{sub C3}), 2) ferritic (T{approx}A{sub C3}) and 3) bainitic/martensitic (T>A{sub C3}).

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗