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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13

Mechanism of delayed intracranial hypertension after cerebroventricular infusions in conscious rats

Prior studies showed that cerebroventricular infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, 8 microliter/min for 10 min, followed by a 10 min rest and a 24 h infusion of 0.5 microliters/min, raised cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFp) of conscious, unrestrained rats after about 2 h. Here, we report that the 10 min infusion alone evoked a delayed, prolonged rise in CSFp. Pressure during the infusion itself rose and recovered quickly, as is usually reported. Pressure/volume tests, used to calculate resistance to outflow (Ro) and compliance (C), revealed that infusions increased Ro and decreased C, after a delay (P less than 0.05). The rise in CSFp after infusion was blocked by pretreatment with acetazolamide + ouabain (P less than 0.05), but the delayed changes in Ro and C were unaffected. We suggest that the 10 min infusion of a sterile, balanced salt solution has a primary effect that increases Ro; as CSF synthesis continues, C is exhausted and the delayed rise in CSFp ensues. This non-traumatic method of raising CSFp may be a useful method to study intracranial fluid dynamics.

NASA Center ARC↗

X-57 Maxwell Airworthiness Validation Plan

This report is a Final Airworthiness Validation Plan (AVP) and describes how an aircraft like X-57 does (and does not) meet current airworthiness standards. The objective of this report is to create an example certification basis, associated means of compliance (MoC), and method of compliance for a distributed electric propulsion airplane under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 21, “Certification Procedures for Products and Articles,” and its associated relevant sections of 14 CFR for “Airworthiness Standards” of Part 23, “Normal Category Airplanes,” Part 33 “Aircraft Engines,” and Part 35 “Propellers.” The approach to meet the objective is to use NASA’s X-57 Modification (Mod) IV flight demonstrator as an example and categorize its applicability to the regulations and standards according to the following three conditions: 1. Identify, where applicable, that the MoC and methods of compliance can be associated with existing Standard Specifications and Standard Practices of (ASTM) Committee F39 on Aircraft Systems and ASTM Committee F44 on General Aviation Aircraft; 2. If relevant ASTM standards do not exist, identify means and-or methods of compliance from appropriate Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars and other sources to use for the X-57 Mod IV vehicle; or 3. If no relevant certification rule, MoC, or method of compliance exists, highlight this omission and provide recommendations.

Herbert W Schlickenmaier↗

Hanford Site Bald Eagle Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2021

A national symbol of the United States, the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) plays an important role in the riverine ecosystem at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site. Historically, Bald Eagles have occupied the Hanford Site during the winter and early spring and have more recently remained through the nesting season. Monitoring is essential to maintain current biological information about Bald Eagle abundance and distribution on the Hanford Site, to ensure compliance with protection regulations, and to inform future protection and management efforts. This monitoring report provides an overview of Bald Eagle activity on the Hanford Site, along with Bald Eagle management guidelines and monitoring objectives between November 2020 and June 2021.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Hanford Site Bald Eagle Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2020

A national symbol of the United States, the Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) plays an important role in the riverine ecosystem at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site. Historically, Bald Eagles have occupied the Hanford Site during the winter and early spring and have more recently remained through the nesting season. Monitoring is essential to maintain current biological information about Bald Eagle abundance and distribution on the Hanford Site, to ensure compliance with protection regulations, and to inform future protection and management efforts. This monitoring report provides an overview of Bald Eagle activity on the Hanford Site, along with Bald Eagle management guidelines and monitoring objectives between November 2019 and June 2020.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Hanford Site Bald Eagle Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2022

A national symbol of the United States, the Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) plays an important role in the riverine ecosystem at the U. S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hanford Site. Historically, Bald Eagles have occupied the Hanford Site during the winter and early spring and have more recently remained through the nesting season. Monitoring is essential to maintain current biological information about Bald Eagle abundance and distribution on the Hanford Site, to ensure compliance with protection regulations, and to inform future protection and management efforts. This monitoring report provides an overview of Bald Eagle activity on the Hanford Site, along with Bald Eagle management guidelines and monitoring objectives between November 2021 and June 2022.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Hanford Site Bald Eagle Monitoring Report for Fiscal Year 2019

A national symbol of the United States, the Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus ) plays an important role in the riverine ecosystem on the U. S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hanford Site. Historically, Bald Eagles have occupied the Hanford Site during the winter and early spring, and have more recently remained through the nesting season. Monitoring is essential to maintain current biological information about Bald Eagle abundance and distribution on the Hanford Site, to ensure compliance with protection regulations, and to inform future protection and management efforts. This monitoring report provides an overview of Bald Eagle activity on the Hanford Site, along with Bald Eagle management guidelines and monitoring objectives between November 2018 and July 2019.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

IT Security Support for the Spaceport Command Control Systems Development Ground Support Development Operations

Security is one of the most if not the most important areas today. After the several attacks on the United States, security everywhere has heightened from airports to the communication among the military branches legionnaires. With advanced persistent threats (APT's) on the rise following Stuxnet, government branches and agencies are required, more than ever, to follow several standards, policies and procedures to reduce the likelihood of a breach. Attack vectors today are very advanced and are going to continue to get more and more advanced as security controls advance. This creates a need for networks and systems to be in an updated and secured state in a launch control system environment. FISMA is a law that is mandated by the government to follow when government agencies secure networks and devices. My role on this project is to ensure network devices and systems are in compliance with NIST, as outlined in FISMA. I will achieve this by providing assistance with security plan documentation and collection, system hardware and software inventory, malicious code and malware scanning, and configuration of network devices i.e. routers and IDS's/IPS's. In addition, I will be completing security assessments on software and hardware, vulnerability assessments and reporting, and conducting patch management and risk assessments. A guideline that will help with compliance with NIST is the SANS Top 20 Critical Controls. SANS Top 20 Critical Controls as well as numerous security tools, security software and the conduction of research will be used to successfully complete the tasks given to me. This will ensure compliance with FISMA and NIST, secure systems and a secured network. By the end of this project, I hope to have carried out the tasks stated above as well as gain an immense knowledge about compliance, security tools, networks and network devices, as well as policies and procedures.

security↗

Nevada National Security Site Environmental Report 2019

This report presents the National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Field Office environmental protection and monitoring programs data and the compliance status for calendar year 2019 at the Nevada National Security Site and at its two support facilities, the North Las Vegas Facility and the Remote Sensing Laboratory-Nellis. This report also addresses environmental restoration projects conducted by the Environmental Management Nevada Program Office at the Tonopah Test Range.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Plutonium Oxidation State Distribution in the Presence of WIPP-Relevant Organics and Iron Corrosion Products

The oxidation state and solubility of plutonium (Pu) in high ionic strength synthetic WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) brines as a function of pC H+ in the presence and absence of WIPP-relevant organic ligands (EDTA [Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid], oxalate, citrate, acetate) and iron corrosion products (magnetite and metallic iron) at 𝑇 = 23 ± 2 ∘C was thoroughly studied by long-term batch solubility experiments (between approximately 800-1,100 days) from an undersaturation approach. The oxidation state of Pu in the WIPP environment has been a topic of interest since the initial Compliance Certification Application (CCA). This study aims to investigate the solubility of Pu under the expected WIPP conditions and to determine the oxidation state of the solid phase that will control the solubility. One of the most important results of this study is that the Pu oxidation state was analyzed both from the surface area of the corrosion products and in the precipitated solid. The analysis of the Pu oxidation state on the surface of the iron mineral from the ongoing undersaturated experiments is more relevant to the performance assessment of nuclear waste disposal than short term batch (plutonium-iron phase) experiments. The X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) analysis showed that Pu oxidation state is different on the metal surface and in the precipitated solid. Pu(III) is the dominant oxidation state in the metallic iron (Fe 0 ) system in the presence and absence of organics. Pu(IV) is the dominant oxidation state in the magnetite system in the presence and absence of organics. Also, organics stabilize Pu(IV) in the magnetite system. Analysis of Pu in the precipitated solid by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that Pu formed an inner-sphere complex with iron with minor amounts of PuO 2 present. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that metallic iron and magnetite did not oxidize in three years in the alkaline and high ionic strength system. Under these conditions (8 < pC H+ < 10 at T = (22 ± 2) °C under nitrogen atmosphere, the solubility of Pu changes by up to three orders of magnitude (10 -5 and 10 -8 M). The spread in solubility is highest at pC H+ = 9. Pu(III) and Pu(IV) showed different solubility behavior in the synthetic WIPP brine. A summary of the data collected in this report will be submitted to Sandia National Laboratories as part of a parameter update report which will outline the changes to the OXSTAT parameter for the 2026 Compliance Recertification Application (CRA-2026). The experiments performed were done according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) approved Test Plan entitled “Effects of Radiolysis, Organic Complexation, and Redox Conditions on the Speciation and Oxidation State Distribution of Pu(III/IV)” (LCO-ACP-25). All data reported were obtained under the Los Alamos National Laboratory-Carlsbad Office (LANL-CO) Quality Assurance Program, which is compliant with the DOE Carlsbad Field Office, Quality Assurance Program Document (CBFO/QAPD).

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Advanced High Temperature Polymer Matrix Composites for Gas Turbine Engines Program Expansion

This document, submitted by AlliedSignal Engines (AE), a division of AlliedSignal Aerospace Company, presents the program final report for the Advanced High Temperature Polymer Matrix Composites for Gas Turbine Engines Program Expansion in compliance with data requirements in the statement of work, Contract No. NAS3-97003. This document includes: 1 -Technical Summary: a) Component Design, b) Manufacturing Process Selection, c) Vendor Selection, and d) Testing Validation: 2-Program Conclusion and Perspective. Also, see the Appendix at the back of this report. This report covers the program accomplishments from December 1, 1996, to August 24, 1998. The Advanced High Temperature PMC's for Gas Turbine Engines Program Expansion was a one year long, five task technical effort aimed at designing, fabricating and testing a turbine engine component using NASA's high temperature resin system AMB-21. The fiber material chosen was graphite T650-35, 3K, 8HS with UC-309 sizing. The first four tasks included component design and manufacturing, process selection, vendor selection, component fabrication and validation testing. The final task involved monthly financial and technical reports.

Hanley, David↗

Notice of Submittal – 2020 Radionuclide Air Emissions Report for Los Alamos National Laboratory

Enclosed is the Calendar Year 2020 Radionuclide Air Emissions Report for the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The submittal is in compliance with 40 CFR 61 Subpart H. The highest effective dose equivalent to any member of the public from LANL operations in 2020 is 0.29 millirem. This maximally exposed individual location is a business at 132 DP Road, Los Alamos, NM. The annual dose is well below the EPA standard of 10 millirem per year as established in Subpart H.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Regulatory Compliance in Multi-Tier Supplier Networks

Over the years, avionics systems have increased in complexity to the point where 1st tier suppliers to an aircraft OEM find it financially beneficial to outsource designs of subsystems to 2nd tier and at times to 3rd tier suppliers. Combined with challenging schedule and budgetary pressures, the environment in which safety-critical systems are being developed introduces new hurdles for regulatory agencies and industry. This new environment of both complex systems and tiered development has raised concerns in the ability of the designers to ensure safety considerations are fully addressed throughout the tier levels. This has also raised questions about the sufficiency of current regulatory guidance to ensure: proper flow down of safety awareness, avionics application understanding at the lower tiers, OEM and 1st tier oversight practices, and capabilities of lower tier suppliers. Therefore, NASA established a research project to address Regulatory Compliance in a Multi-tier Supplier Network. This research was divided into three major study efforts: 1. Describe Modern Multi-tier Avionics Development 2. Identify Current Issues in Achieving Safety and Regulatory Compliance 3. Short-term/Long-term Recommendations Toward Higher Assurance Confidence This report presents our findings of the risks, weaknesses, and our recommendations. It also includes a collection of industry-identified risks, an assessment of guideline weaknesses related to multi-tier development of complex avionics systems, and a postulation of potential modifications to guidelines to close the identified risks and weaknesses.

Goossen, Emray R.↗

NEVADA NATIONAL SECURITY SITE 2021 WASTE MANAGEMENT MONITORING REPORT AREA 3 AND AREA 5 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SITES

Environmental monitoring data are collected at and around the Area 3 and Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Sites (RWMSs) within the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS). This report summarizes the 2021 environmental data to provide an overall evaluation of RWMS performance and to support environmental compliance and performance assessment (PA) activities.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Summary Report for the Analysis of the Sludge Batch 7b (Macrobatch 9) DWPF Pour Stream Glass Sample for Canister S04023

In order to comply with the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) Waste Form Compliance Plan for Sludge Batch 7b, Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) personnel characterized the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) pour stream (PS) glass sample collected while filling canister S04023. This report summarizes the results of the compositional analysis for reportable oxides and radionuclides and the normalized Product Consistency Test (PCT) results. The PCT responses indicate that the DWPF produced glass that is significantly more durable than the Environmental Assessment glass. Results and further details are documented in SRNL-STI-2013-00462, Revision 1 “Analysis of the DWPF Sludge Batch 7b (Macrobatch 9) Pour Stream Glass Sample.”

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

Leveraging Environmental Monitoring Results from Department of Energy Sites for Research on the Food-Energy-Water Nexus

The Annual Site Environmental Report (ASER) from a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Site summarizes environmental data; environmental management performance; compliance with applicable DOE, federal, state, and local regulations; and restoration and surveillance monitoring programs. The Savannah River Site (SRS) produces ASERs that include results of monitoring mercury levels in fish samples obtained in the vicinity of SRS. Mercury is a toxic trace metal and the methylated organic form is a neurotoxin that bioaccumulates in the food web, endangering humans and other organisms. In United States, power plants are the largest source of mercury emissions. Research Objective: To determine the patterns of mercury levels in fish samples reported in the SRS environmental monitoring reports. We developed box plot visualizations to make sense of the data as well as identify fish species, dates and location with outlier mercury content. The integration and visual representation of multi-year datasets can support decision making processes on environmental compliance and environmental sustainability conducted at U.S. DOE Sites. We are constructing datasets from textual, image and multivariable data sources in the multi-year ASERs of the U.S. DOE Savannah River Site (SRS https://www.srs.gov/general/pubs/ERsum/index.html). The Fish Surveillance for mercury presents a case study for the intersection of food, energy and water systems. The dataset of 864 records (2008 and 2009) of mercury levels includes water location of fish, fish species, collection date and mercury content of fish sample. The patterns of mercury levels in the fish species as well as locations provide knowledge for further investigations. A research area for future studies is the composition of microbial communities in fish guts of varying levels of mercury.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

Testing of ROMPS robot mechanical interfaces and compliant device

The Robot Operated Materials Processing System (ROMPS) has been developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) under a flight project to investigate commercially promising in-space material processes and to design reflyable robot automated systems to be used in the above processes for low-cost operations. The ROMPS is currently scheduled for flight in 1994 as a Hitchhiker payload in a Get Away Special (GAS) can. An important component of the ROMPS is a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot which will be responsible for carrying out the required tasks of in-space processing of selected materials. This report deals with testing of the mating capability of the ROMPS robot fingers with its various mechanical interfaces. In particular, the test plan will focus on studying the capability of a compliance mechanism mounted on the robot fingers in accommodating misalignments between the robot fingers and the interfaces during the mating. The report is organized as follows: Section 2 represents the main components of the ROMPS robot and briefly describes its operations. Section 3 presents the objectives of the test and outlines the test plan. The testbed comprising a Steward Platform-based high precision manipulator and associated data acquisition and control systems is described in Section 4. Section 5 presents results of numerous experiments conducted to study the mating capability of the robot fingers with its various interfaces under misalignments. The report is concluded with observations and recommendations based on the test results.

Nguyen, Charles C.↗