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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Tracking animal movements via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks: Multiscale habitat use, phenology, and management insights

Abstract Estuaries support diverse fish and invertebrate communities, including resident species that rely on estuarine habitats year‐round and transient migratory species. The unique movement patterns of these animals connect habitats within and far beyond the estuary and are integrally linked to fisheries management objectives. With a focus on Chesapeake Bay, this study leveraged data from collaborative acoustic telemetry networks in the northwest Atlantic to assess habitat use and phenology of movements for seven species of fish (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife, striped bass, common carp, and blue catfish) and one invertebrate (horseshoe crabs). A total of 288 acoustically tagged individuals were detected >3.2 million times (6,743 to 2,095,717 detections per species) on receivers across ~20.5 degrees of latitude spanning the North American Atlantic seaboard from Florida, USA, to New Brunswick, Canada. Common metrics of movement and phenology grouped these species as resident (common carp, blue catfish, horseshoe crabs), primarily resident in estuaries (juvenile striped bass), and coastal migrant (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife); maximum distance traveled varied by three orders of magnitude among these species. Further analysis of phenology for coastal migrants elucidated the timing and duration of these species' use of Chesapeake Bay. Collectively, movements linked habitats within Chesapeake Bay and connected the estuary to coastal ecosystems both to the north (e.g., alewife) and south (e.g., cownose rays), creating networks of fisheries management jurisdictions that varied in complexity and identified opportunities for enhancement to current management or co‐management of some species. Our results elucidate the importance of estuaries to species with diverse movement behaviors, identify scales and pathways of habitat connectivity via animal movements, and highlight the utility of collaborative acoustic telemetry networks for quantifying movements relevant to both ecological research and fisheries management.

Livernois, Mariah C.↗
DOE OSTI2021

The Metaproteomics Initiative: a coordinated approach for propelling the functional characterization of microbiomes

Through connecting genomic and metabolic information, metaproteomics is an essential approach for understanding how microbiomes function in space and time. The international metaproteomics community is delighted to announce the launch of the Metaproteomics Initiative (www.metaproteomics.org), the goal of which is to promote dissemination of metaproteomics fundamentals, advancements, and applications through collaborative networking in microbiome research. The Initiative aims to be the central information hub and open meeting place where newcomers and experts interact to communicate, standardize, and accelerate experimental and bioinformatic methodologies in this field. We invite the entire microbiome community to join and discuss potential synergies at the interfaces with other disciplines, and to collectively promote innovative approaches to gain deeper insights into microbiome functions and dynamics.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2024

Temporal and spatial characterization of a thermogenic, fault-controlled gas hydrate system, Woolsey Mound, Gulf of Mexico

Woolsey Mound, located at Mississippi Canyon Lease Block 118 (MC118), is the site of the Gulf of Mexico hydrate research consortium’s seafloor observatory, where gas hydrates outcrop at the seafloor. The presence of gas hydrates in the mound is confirmed directly by coring and indirectly by 3D seismic reflection data. Craters, pockmarks, chemosynthetic communities, and authigenic carbonates populate the seafloor at Woolsey Mound. Each crater is characterized by a network of shallow crestal faults that connect the hydrate mound to the underlying allochthonous salt body. We characterize the temporal and spatial evolution of gas hydrates at Woolsey Mound under natural perturbations using four collocated 3D seismic reflection data sets that span over 14 years. Data acquisition differences embedded in the data sets arising from variation in geometry, sample rate, and phase are minimized using the “cross-equalization” method. Our results indicate that hydrate formation and dissociation vary temporally and spatially in close connection to the shallow crestal faults. Evidence of gas hydrate dissociation is observed over a period of three years (2000–2003), where major dissociation occurred along the southern portion of the crestal fault in the southeast crater. The dissociation is less prominent in the southwest crater. Evidence of methane venting is observed between 2000 and 2010, which is mostly concentrated in the southeast crater. The residual amplitude anomalies observed between 2000 and 2014 in the mound are mostly positive, implying that the methane venting had increased significantly. The positive anomalies are correlated with the methane seepage recorded in 2011. Our results indicate the evolution of a fault-controlled gas hydrate system in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which would aid in assessing its impact on the seafloor.

Geochemistry & Geophysics↗
DOE OSTI2023

Mathematical nuances of Gaussian process-driven autonomous experimentation

Abstract The fields of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed almost every aspect of science and engineering. The excitement for AI/ML methods is in large part due to their perceived novelty, as compared to traditional methods of statistics, computation, and applied mathematics. But clearly, all methods in ML have their foundations in mathematical theories, such as function approximation, uncertainty quantification, and function optimization. Autonomous experimentation is no exception; it is often formulated as a chain of off-the-shelf tools, organized in a closed loop, without emphasis on the intricacies of each algorithm involved. The uncomfortable truth is that the success of any ML endeavor, and this includes autonomous experimentation, strongly depends on the sophistication of the underlying mathematical methods and software that have to allow for enough flexibility to consider functions that are in agreement with particular physical theories. We have observed that standard off-the-shelf tools, used by many in the applied ML community, often hide the underlying complexities and therefore perform poorly. In this paper, we want to give a perspective on the intricate connections between mathematics and ML, with a focus on Gaussian process-driven autonomous experimentation. Although the Gaussian process is a powerful mathematical concept, it has to be implemented and customized correctly for optimal performance. We present several simple toy problems to explore these nuances and highlight the importance of mathematical and statistical rigor in autonomous experimentation and ML. One key takeaway is that ML is not, as many had hoped, a set of agnostic plug-and-play solvers for everyday scientific problems, but instead needs expertise and mastery to be applied successfully. Graphical abstract

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2022

Energy Equity and Environmental Justice Summit Report 2022

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) hosted a limited-engagement Energy Equity and Environmental Justice (EEEJ) Summit on September 28, 2022, with the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Economic Impact and Diversity (DOE-ED) and DOE national laboratories: Argonne National Laboratory, Idaho National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, and Savannah River National Laboratory. The goal of the Summit was for labs to highlight their capabilities in the EEEJ space and connect them to DOE-ED’s mission and goals as well as share lessons learned and best practices in our various programmatic spaces. The event commenced with an opening address from Director Shalanda Baker (DOE-ED), which included a call to action for the national labs. Three presentation panels followed, giving insights to the programs stewarded by national laboratories that are currently taking steps to enhance the way science is implemented through equity and justice lenses. A roundtable discussion concluded the Summit and highlighted lessons learned, gaps, challenges, opportunities, and future needs that will improve the impact and partnership of EEEJ work at DOE, national laboratories, at other agencies and institutions, and in other programmatic areas. Interest among participants to stay connected and coordinated and to partner on EEEJ work across labs was emphasized, including a suggestion to establish an intra-laboratory community of practice.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2022

Plasma Science: Enabling Technology, Sustainability, Security, and Exploration

The Plasma2020 decadal report took a forward-looking, interagency perspective on how the different elements that constitute plasma science provide a broad interdisciplinary driver for capitalizing on future opportunities in the scientific community. Goals of the study were to (1) provide a retrospective survey of the field of plasma science; (2) illustrate the vibrant connections that unify the field of plasma science; (3) offer a vision for future developments in plasma science, such as those related to organizational structure, program balance, and funding; (4) provide an assessment of the demographic characteristics and human resource development of the field, such as those related to workforce, educational, and other societal needs; and (5) make recommendations to balance the objectives of the field in a sustainable and healthy manner over the long term. The resulting report was composed in a style accessible to the non-scientist reader. With this approach, a broad audience can understand the importance of plasma science and what researchers in the field want to learn in the coming decades.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

TF07 Snowmass Report: Theory of Collider Phenomena

Theoretical research has long played an essential role in interpreting data from high-energy particle colliders and motivating new accelerators to advance the energy and precision frontiers. Collider phenomenology is an essential interface between theoretical models and experimental observations, since theoretical studies inspire experimental analyses while experimental results sharpen theoretical ideas. This report -- from the Snowmass 2021 Theory Frontier topical group for Collider Phenomenology (TF07) -- showcases the dynamism, engagement, and motivations of collider phenomenologists by exposing selected exciting new directions and establishing key connections between cutting-edge theoretical advances and current and future experimental opportunities. By investing in collider phenomenology, the high-energy physics community can help ensure that theoretical advances are translated into concrete tools that enable and enhance current and future experiments, and in turn, experimental results feed into a more complete theoretical understanding and motivate new questions and explorations.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

TF07 Snowmass Report: Theory of Collider Phenomena

Theoretical research has long played an essential role in interpreting data from high-energy particle colliders and motivating new accelerators to advance the energy and precision frontiers. Collider phenomenology is an essential interface between theoretical models and experimental observations, since theoretical studies inspire experimental analyses while experimental results sharpen theoretical ideas. Here, this report -- from the Snowmass 2021 Theory Frontier topical group for Collider Phenomenology (TF07) -- showcases the dynamism, engagement, and motivations of collider phenomenologists by exposing selected exciting new directions and establishing key connections between cutting-edge theoretical advances and current and future experimental opportunities. By investing in collider phenomenology, the high-energy physics community can help ensure that theoretical advances are translated into concrete tools that enable and enhance current and future experiments, and in turn, experimental results feed into a more complete theoretical understanding and motivate new questions and explorations.

Maltoni, Fabio↗
DOE OSTI2021

Integration of Open-Source URBANopt and Dragonfly Energy Modeling Capabilities into Practitioner Workflows for District-Scale Planning and Design

High-performance districts and communities offer opportunities for reducing energy use, emissions, and costs, and can be instrumental in helping cities achieve their climate goals. The design of such communities requires identification of opportunities early on and their re-evaluation throughout the planning process. There is a need for energy modeling tools that connect 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) platforms to simulation engines, enabling detailed energy analysis of districts within the workflows and tools used by practitioners. This paper introduces the Dragonfly and URBANoptTM combined toolset that supports the creation of urban models from a range of geometry formats typically used by designers and planners, and provides an integrated pathway to simulate district-scale energy systems. The toolset is piloted by a global architecture and master planning firm to evaluate several key urban-scale technical questions for the design of a district in Chicago. The findings indicate that, while energy savings can be achieved through traditional architectural studies and enhancements to individual building efficiency, the modeling toolset helps identify additional savings and insights that can be achieved when considering district-scale energy systems. Finally, this study demonstrates how the Dragonfly/URBANopt toolset can integrate with master planning workflows, thereby enabling an iterative performance-based design process.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Electric Mobility Opportunities for Brooklyn Park, Minnesota

This report will support Brooklyn Park as it navigates changes in mobility technologies and approaches to best serve the transportation needs of its communities. The content details the advantages of electric mobility, reviews electric mobility options that meet diverse needs and constraints, and maps the benefits and limitations of these options in terms of available technologies, their uses, and incentives that aim to improve accessibility and affordability. Although personal EVs provide both individual and collective advantages to residents - from lowering the total cost of ownership over the lifetime of a vehicle to improving air quality in the surrounding environment by reducing tailpipe emissions - they may still be unaffordable and/or inaccessible to some households in Brooklyn Park. Therefore, this report provides an overview of other accessible and affordable electric mobility options, including electric carshares, e-micromobility (i.e., e-scooters, e-bikes), and on-demand services, as enabled by web-connected technologies and the proliferation of smartphones.

33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Considering coasts: Adapting terrestrial models to characterize coastal wetland ecosystems

The Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) simulates fully coupled processes and interactions among water, energy, carbon and nutrient cycles. E3SM connects vegetation and soil dynamics through nutrient uptake, plant production, litterfall and decomposition as a function of abiotic parameters (e.g. temperature and moisture). However, E3SM is designed to characterize terrestrial ecosystems and connects land and open ocean systems using a single streamflow transport term, ignoring the complex dynamics of energy, water, carbon, and nutrients in coastal systems. The goals of our project were to: (1) Parameterize a point version of E3SM to capture coastal wetland habitats and (2) Determine marsh community responses to increased temperature and elevated CO 2 . We adapted a version of the E3SM land model, previously configured to represent forested bog hydrology to a coastal ecosystem using datasets from field experiments conducted at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center's Global Change Research Wetland (GCReW). Tidal forcing in a marsh environment was simulated using a two-column system in which the columns are connected by lateral hydrologic flows. One column simulates interactions between vegetation and soil while a second column simulates variation in water level (both tidal and sea level rise). The updated model captures many aspects of the field experiments, showing that plant community responses to environmental change are non-linear, non-additive and different between plant types. Elevated CO 2 treatments increased C 3 plant biomass more than C 4 (33% vs 17%). Temperature exacerbated CO 2 responses in C 3 plants (0 °C: 26%, 5.1 °C: 56%). We were more successful at characterizing C 3 than C 4 responses and simulating above rather than belowground biomass production. Furthermore, the next steps will include updates to key physiological parameters such as root:shoot carbon allocation and the addition of mechanistic feedbacks between vegetation and biogeochemical processes.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2020

Stability of Floodplain Subsurface Microbial Communities Through Seasonal Hydrological and Geochemical Cycles

Riparian floodplains represent an interaction zone between the terrestrial subsurface and rivers, where regional groundwater flows, infiltration, and evapotranspiration drive mixing of water and import/export of nutrients and contaminants. These dynamics create seasonally transient redox conditions that drive biogeochemical transformations, which strongly modify groundwater quality. Microbial responses to changing hydrological conditions are perhaps the critical step connecting hydrology to geochemical transformations and groundwater quality, yet are not well understood. We aimed to address this knowledge gap by monitoring seasonal transitions at the U.S. Department of Energy legacy uranium ore processing site in Riverton, WY, through spring-summer-fall hydrological transitions. Our goal was to characterize the microbial community throughout the soil profile, down to the saturated aquifer, and observe its response to wet-dry transitions across a full season and compare to changes in geochemistry and hydrology. Next-generation sequencing was employed to identify biogeochemically-relevant microbial taxa based on the 16S rRNA gene; we found a broad diversity of microbial clades including taxa involved in sulfur and metal cycling, as well as nitrification. These data were paired with measurements of soil moisture, major nutrients and cations, and trace elements. Overall microbial community composition was dependent on soil depth or type, with seasonal effects only observed in the topsoil or subsurface aquifer. This finding indicates that microbial communities in the transiently-reduced center of the soil profile at the Riverton, WY site are remarkably stable, despite moisture and redox inversions. In addition, these communities likely impact the communities in surrounding soil horizons through export of metabolites and solutes as the water table rises and falls throughout the season.

16S rRNA↗
DOE OSTI2024

Structural and physical properties of Ni 1- x V x alloys around and away from quantum critical point

We investigate the room temperature structure (global and local), temperature dependent magnetic and transport behaviour of Ni 1-x V x (0$⩽$x$ ⩽$ $0.13$) alloys. Our Energy Dispersive Analysis of x-rays results show that the prepared compositions are stoichiometric. With increase in V doping, the compounds exhibit a quantum phase transition around x c = 0.12, where the ferromagnetic phase is suppressed. Further, our results show that all the compounds stabilize in face centred cubic structure at RT and the lattice parameter shows unusual behaviour close to x c . The magnetic and heat capacity studies show signature of Griffiths phase on either side of x c . From 25 K to the lowest collected temperature, we observe a linear T dependence of resistivity at x = 0.1 and around x c , which is separated by a Fermi-liquid region around x = 0.106. This suggests that the origin of the transport behaviour is different around the quantum critical point and away from it. Our Ni K-edge x-ray Absorption Spectroscopy results show that there is a significant reduction in the first coordination number around Ni central atom on doping. Further, with doping, there is distortion in the first coordination shell around Ni. This suggests, with V doping, the local structure around Ni is different from the global structure as obtained from the x-ray Diffraction results. Interestingly, with doping, we observe a direct connection between the extent of distortion at RT and the magnetic disorder obtained at 2 K. We believe our results will motivate the scientific community to further study the interplay between the structural disorder and quantum fluctuations with temperature at the local level.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2022

Fast External Quantum Efficiency Measurements of Photovoltaic Modules

The external quantum efficiency (EQE) or associated spectral response is widely used to evaluate the performance of photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, photodiodes, semiconductor lasers, laser-induced refrigeration of solids etc. For photovoltaic (PV) devices, The EQE is used to determine the spectral mismatch correction that is used to convert a performance measurement from a non-ideal simulator spectrum to a standard spectrum in PV device calibrations. Moreover, EQE can provide important insight into the physics of a PV device. For instance, the EQE shape can be used to infer mechanisms limiting the performance of the device. However, EQE measurements of full-size PV modules remain a challenge in the PV community due to rare availability of reliable module QE measurement tools worldwide and the size and complexity of module architecture that comprises several cells connected in strings (series or/and parallel). Here, we use a customized nondestructive tool made of high-power light emitting diodes to perform high-throughput EQE measurements on PV modules. Circuit simulations show that the measurement system can safely be used to measure both crystalline silicon and thin film-based PV modules with series connected cells without the risk of damage through reverse bias. In addition, EQE mapping combined with electroluminescence show a strong correlation and provide a way to determine both spatial non-uniformity of the spectral response and defects/degradation effects across the module.

PV module↗
DOE OSTI2020

Third-party transfers in WLCG using HTTP

Since its earliest days, the Worldwide LHC Computational Grid (WLCG) has relied on GridFTP to transfer data between sites. The announcement that Globus is dropping support of its open source Globus Toolkit (GT), which forms the basis for several FTP client and servers, has created an opportunity to reevaluate the use of FTP. HTTP-TPC, an extension to HTTP compatible with WebDAV, has arisen as a strong contender for an alternative approach.In this paper, we describe the HTTP-TPC protocol itself, along with the current status of its support in different implementations, and the interoperability testing done within the WLCG DOMA working group’s TPC activity. This protocol also provides the first real use-case for token-based authorisation for this community. We will demonstrate the benefits of such authorisation by showing how it allows HTTP-TPC to support new technologies (such as OAuth, OpenID Connect, Macaroons and SciTokens) without changing the protocol. We will also discuss the next steps for HTTP-TPC and the plans to use the protocol for WLCG transfers.

Bockelman, Brian↗
DOE OSTI2026

Emerald Connections Weatherization Plus Health Pilot Program

The Emerald Connections Weatherization Plus Health Pilot Program (Healthy Homes Pilot or the pilot), delivered 97 comprehensive energy retrofits to low-income households in two underserved communities: Lynn, Massachusetts (57) and the Beacon Hill neighborhood in Seattle, Washington (40). Designed by Emerald Cities Collaborative (ECC) and funded via a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) Enhancement and Innovation (E&I) grant, ECC created the pilot to expand the reach and range of services typically available to participating WAP households.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2022

Disentangling direct from indirect relationships in association networks

Networks are vital tools for understanding and modeling interactions in complex systems in science and engineering, and direct and indirect interactions are pervasive in all types of networks. However, quantitatively disentangling direct and indirect relationships in networks remains a formidable task. Here, we present a framework, called iDIRECT (Inference of Direct and Indirect Relationships with Effective Copula-based Transitivity), for quantitatively inferring direct dependencies in association networks. Using copula-based transitivity, iDIRECT eliminates/ameliorates several challenging mathematical problems, including ill-conditioning, self-looping, and interaction strength overflow. With simulation data as benchmark examples, iDIRECT showed high prediction accuracies. Application of iDIRECT to reconstruct gene regulatory networks in Escherichia coli also revealed considerably higher prediction power than the best-performing approaches in the DREAM5 (Dialogue on Reverse Engineering Assessment and Methods project, #5) Network Inference Challenge. In addition, applying iDIRECT to highly diverse grassland soil microbial communities in response to climate warming showed that the iDIRECT-processed networks were significantly different from the original networks, with considerably fewer nodes, links, and connectivity, but higher relative modularity. Further analysis revealed that the iDIRECT-processed network was more complex under warming than the control and more robust to both random and target species removal ( P < 0.001). As a general approach, iDIRECT has great advantages for network inference, and it should be widely applicable to infer direct relationships in association networks across diverse disciplines in science and engineering.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗