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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1973

The correlation of VLF propagation variations with atmospheric planetary-scale waves

Variations in the received daytime phase of long distance, cesium-controlled, VLF transmission were compared to the height variations of the 10-mb isobaric surface during the first three months of 1965 and 1969. The VLF phase values are also compared to height variations of constant electron densities in the E-region and to variations of f-min which have been shown to be well correlated with planetary-scale variations in the stratosphere by Deland and Cavalieri (1973). The VLF phase variations show good correlation with these previous ionospheric measurements and with the 10-mb surfaces. The planetary scale waves in the stratosphere are shown to be travelling on the average eastward in 1965 and westward in 1969. These correlations are interpreted as due to the propagation of travelling planetary scale waves with westward tilted wave fronts. Upward energy transport due to the vertical structure of those waves is also discussed. These correlations provide further evidence for the coupling between the lower ionosphere at about 70 km altitude (the daytime VLF reflection height and the stratosphere, and they demonstrate the importance of planetary wave phenomena to VLF propagation.

Cavalieri, D. J.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Flight transition data for angles of attack at Mach 22 with correlations of the data

Boundary-layer transition data for angles of attack from 2.5 to 47 deg from a flight experiment with a cone that reentered at angles of attack up to 75 deg were analyzed and their local flow conditions are presented. The transition data were obtained from both acoustic and electrostatic sensors. The data from the acoustic and electrostatic sensors were correlated by use of three different sets of correlating parameters. For each set of correlating parameters, the transitional and turbulent data from the acoustic and electrostatic sensors were plotted separately. Each of the correlations was compared with a linear curve fit of previous cone-flight data at near zero angle of attack. Results indicate that the data from acoustic sensors falls below the linear curve fits to the flight data and indicates the sensitivity of the sensors. It is shown that the transition data from the electrostatic sensors tends to scatter much more than the data from the acoustic sensors. However, the data from the electrostatic sensors tends to scatter about the linear curve fits based on previous flight data.

Johnson, C. B.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Strong scintillations in astrophysics. 4. Cross-correlation between different frequencies and finite bandwidth effects

The cross correlation of the intensity fluctuations between different frequencies and finite bandwidth effects on the intensity correlations based on the Markov approximation were calculated. Results may be applied to quite general turbulence spectra for an extended turbulent medium. Calculations of the cross-correlation function and of finite bandwidth effects are explicitly carried out for both Gaussian and Kolmogorov turbulence spectra. The increases of the correlation scale of intensity fluctuations are different for these two spectra and the difference can be used to determine whether the interstellar turbulent medium has a Gaussian or a Kolmogorov spectrum.

Lee, L. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Correlation of chlorophyll, suspended matter, and related parameters of waters in the lower Chesapeake Bay area to LANDSAT-1 imagery

The author has identified the following significant results. An effort to relate water parameters of the lower Chesapeake Bay area to multispectral scanner images of LANDSAT 1 has shown that some spectral bands can be correlated to water parameters, and has demonstrated the feasibility of synoptic mapping of estuaries by satellite. Bands 5 and 6 were shown to be useful for monitoring total particles. Band 5 showed high correlation with suspended sediment concentration. Attenuation coefficients monitored continuously by ship along three baselines were cross correlated with radiance values on three days. Improved correlations resulted when tidal conditions were taken into consideration. A contouring program was developed to display sediment variation in the lower Chesapeake Bay from the MSS bands.

Fleischer, P.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Correlation of displacement effects produced by electrons, protons and neutrons in silicon

The correlation of displacement effects produced by electrons, protons, and neutrons in silicon is studied. Available data from the literature is employed. In particular the scope of the study is limited to the degradation of excess carrier lifetime and device electrical parameters directly related to it. The degree to which displacement effects may be correlated in order to predict semiconductor device response based on response data to another type of radiation is discussed. Useful ranges of the correlation factors (lifetime damage constant ratios) as a function of device majority carrier type, device resistivity, and injection level are presented. A significant dependence on injection level for the correlation factors is found.

Van Lint, V. A. J.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The measurement of carbon monoxide and methane in the national capital air quality control region. III - Correlation interferometer results

Two types of experiments were performed with a correlation interferometer on-board a Bell Jet Ranger 206 Helicopter. The first consisted of simultaneous ground- and air-truth measurements as the instrumented helicopter passed over the Cheverly site. The second consisted of several measurement flights in and around the national capital air quality control region (Washington, D.C.). The correlation interferometer data, the infrared Fourier spectrometer data, and the integrated altitude sampling data showed agreement within the errors of the individual measurements. High values for CO were found from the D.C. flight data to be reproducible and concentrated in areas of stop-and-go traffic. It is concluded, that pollutants at low altitudes are detectable from an air-borne platform by remote correlation interferometry and that the correlation interferometer measurements agree with ground- and air-truth data.

Goldstein, H. W.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Correlation between microwave scattering and emission from land and sea at 13.9 GHz

Correlations have been calculated between active and passive microwave responses received by the S-193 radiometer-scatterometer on Skylab. Over both land and sea, the correlations between polarizations are high, but the correlation between radiometer and scatterometer response at 30-deg incidence is negligible. This suggests that multipolarization instruments with this crude resolution (greater than 10 km in all cases) are redundant, but a combination of radiometer and scatterometer is useful. Correlations among the responses at different angles suggest that the five angles used in Skylab are more than would be useful between zero and 48 deg in future instruments, but that instruments with three angles of measurement would be useful. In small areas, conclusions based on these large-data-set averages may need to be modified.

Sobti, A.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Strong scintillations in astrophysics. IV - Cross-correlation between different frequencies and finite bandwidth effects

The cross-correlation of the intensity fluctuations between different frequencies and finite-bandwidth effects on the intensity correlations are calculated based on the Markov approximation. The results may be applied to quite general turbulence spectra for an extended turbulent medium. Calculations of the cross-correlation function and of finite-bandwidth effects are explicitly carried out for both Gaussian and Kolmogorov turbulence spectra. The increases of the correlation scale of intensity fluctuations are different for these two spectra, and the difference can be used to determine whether the interstellar turbulent medium has a Gaussian or a Kolmogorov spectrum.

Lee, L. C.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A note on correlation description

The paper suggests some modifications to definitions of correlation functions made by Freeman and Bennett (1974) specifically for comparing measured quantities with those predicted by rotor theories, with reference to rotorcraft flight simulation. Special attention is paid to the quality of correlation, determined by a quality factor relating the measured and computed entities. Correlation criteria (mean load and rotor performance, overall amplitude and phase, harmonic altitude and harmonic phase) are examined, along with phase angle correlation criteria (harmonic phase defined by sine-cosine relation and harmonic phase defined by a first positive peak rotor azimuth position)

Mccloud, J. L., III↗
NASA NTRS1976

Correlation microphone for measuring airframe noise in large-scale wind tunnels

A correlation microphone arrangement was used in the test section of the Ames 7- by 10-Foot and 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnels in an attempt to reject the reverberant and wind noise. The tests in the 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel covered a frequency range from 400 Hz to 8 kHz while the tests in the 40- by 80-foot tunnel covered the range from 31.5 to 800 Hz. Examination of the experimental data plus calculations of cross-correlations due to reflective noise indicate that the correlation microphone is effective in rejecting microphone wind noise and reverberant noise even at low frequencies, and that the low-frequency background noise monitored by the correlation microphone is reflected noise with a preferred direction from the tunnel drive system. Design studies indicate that this tunnel drive noise can be reduced substantially through suitable modification of the drive fans and acoustical treatment of the nacelles that house these fans.

Ahtye, W. F.↗
NASA NTRS1975

Correlations by the entrainment theory of thermodynamic effects for developed cavitation in venturis and comparisons with ogive data

A semi-empirical entrainment theory was employed to correlate the measured temperature depression, Delta T, in a developed cavity for a venturi. This theory correlates Delta t in terms of the dimensionless numbers of Nusselt, Reynolds, Froude, Weber and Peclet, and dimensionless cavity length, L/D. These correlations are then compared with similar correlations for zero and quarter caliber ogives. In addition, cavitation number data for both limited and developed cavitation in venturis are presented.

Billet, M. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

CCD correlation techniques

Two CCD techniques were discussed for performing an N-point sampled data correlation between an input signal and an electronically programmable reference function. The design and experimental performance of an implementation of the direct time correlator utilizing two analog CCDs and MOS multipliers on a single IC were evaluated. The performance of a CCD implementation of the chirp z transform was described, and the design of a new CCD integrated circuit for performing correlation by multiplication in the frequency domain was presented. This chip provides a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) or inverse DFT, multipliers, and complete support circuitry for the CCD CZT. The two correlation techniques are compared.

Hewes, C. R.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Study of photon correlation techniques for processing of laser velocimeter signals

The objective was to provide the theory and a system design for a new type of photon counting processor for low level dual scatter laser velocimeter (LV) signals which would be capable of both the first order measurements of mean flow and turbulence intensity and also the second order time statistics: cross correlation auto correlation, and related spectra. A general Poisson process model for low level LV signals and noise which is valid from the photon-resolved regime all the way to the limiting case of nonstationary Gaussian noise was used. Computer simulation algorithms and higher order statistical moment analysis of Poisson processes were derived and applied to the analysis of photon correlation techniques. A system design using a unique dual correlate and subtract frequency discriminator technique is postulated and analyzed. Expectation analysis indicates that the objective measurements are feasible.

Mayo, W. T., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Optimum wall impedance for spinning modes: A correlation with mode cut-off ratio

A correlating equation relating the optimum acoustic impedance for the wall lining of a circular duct to the acoustic mode cut-off ratio, is presented. The optimum impedance was correlated with cut-off ratio because the cut-off ratio appears to be the fundamental parameter governing the propagation of sound in the duct. Modes with similar cut-off ratios respond in a similar way to the acoustic liner. The correlation is a semi-empirical expression developed from an empirical modification of an equation originally derived from sound propagation theory in a thin boundary layer. This correlating equation represents a part of a simplified liner design method, based upon modal cut-off ratio, for multimodal noise propagation.

Rice, E. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

OSO-8 X-ray spectra of clusters of galaxies. 1. Observations of twenty clusters: Physical correlations

OSO-8 X-ray spectra from 2 to 20 keV were analyzed for 26 clusters of galaxies. Temperature, emission integrals, iron abundances, and low energy absorption measurements are given. Eight clusters have positive iron emission line detections at the 90% confidence level, and all twenty cluster spectra are consistent with Fe/H=0.000014 by number with the possible exception of Virgo. Physical correlations between X-ray spectral parameters and other cluster properties are examined. It is found that: (1) the X-ray temperature is approximately proportional to the square of the velocity dispersion of the galaxies; (2) the emission integral and therefore the bolometric X-ray luminosity is a strong function of the X-ray temperature; (3) the X-ray temperature and emission integral are better correlated with cluster central galaxy density than with richness; (4) temperature and emission integral are separately correlated with Rood-Sastry type; and (5) the fraction of galaxies which are spirals is correlated with the observed ram pressure in the cluster core.

Mushotzky, R. F.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Application of interferential correlation of spectrum to the detection of atmospheric pollutants

The general correlation principles for spectra and spectra derivatives are studied by using the Fourier transform of the spectral distribution of energy from a source illuminating a double beam interferometer with transverse splitting by dividing luminance. In this correlation technique, the use of such an interferometer has the advantage of greater luminosity as compared with a slit spectrometer. However, the correlation example indicates that it is necessary to adapt the correlator to the particular case considered, in order to obtain the best gain in the signal to noise ratio. In the case of sulfur dioxide detection, a very simple mounting which could be used in some interesting industrial applications was developed. This mounting can be used each time that the substance to be analyzed has a quasi-periodic absorption spectrum: in particular this is often the case with absorption spectra of gases, and a mounting identical to the one described for sulfur dioxide proved to be effective in the detection of nitrogen oxides.

Fortunato, G.↗
NASA NTRS1979

An off-design correlation of part span damper losses through transonic axial fan rotors

The experimental performance of 10 transonic fan rotors was used to correlate losses caused by midchord part-span dampers (PSD) during off-design operation between 50 and 100 percent of design speed. The design tip speed for the rotors used varied from 419 to 425 m/s and the design pressure ratios from 1.6 to 2.0. The loss attributable to the damper and the region influenced along the blade height was correlated with relevant aerodynamic and geometric parameters. The losses at the design point were estimated by a previously reported correlation (Roberts, 1978). Using this as a base, the off-design losses were correlated with variation in blade suction surface incidence. A check with independent data showed that the prediction of damper losses and region of influence was fair to good for most of the off-design data examined.

Roberts, W. B.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Correlator computer interface and module implementation: Mark 3 processor

Two hardware aspects of the Mark 3 correlator are briefly described. The first area concerns the choice of interface to the controlling minicomputer and the second area concerns the implementation of the correlator module. Multiple computer automated measurement and control (CAMAC) modules and a single large CAMAC module were considered as possible packaging forms for the correlator. The large CAMAC module approach was chosen because of the difficulty in partitioning the correlator with minimum interconnections, the fabrication economy of a single large planar assembly, and the desire to minimize the number of modules.

Nesman, E. F.↗