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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts for materials of low elastic modulus. I - Fully flooded conjunction

A complete numerical solution is presented to the problem of isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts for low-elastic-modulus materials operating under fully loaded conditions. No assumption is made for the pressure or film thickness within the contact, and compressibility and viscous effects are taken into account. Because of the dimensionless representation of the coordinates, the actual Hertzian contact ellipse becomes a circle regardless of the value of the ellipticity parameter. A minimum-film-thickness relation and a central-film-thickness relation are derived from examining 17 different cases. Contour plots for detailed illustration of the pressure distribution and film thickness in the conjunction are provided.

Hamrock, B. J.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Twisted and warped disks as consequences of heavy halos

Observationally testable consequences of the hypothesis that galactic disks are confined less by their self-gravity than that of some hot stellar component are sought. Theoretical and observational studies are reviewed which suggest that elliptical galaxies are typically triaxial in form. It is argued that any hot stellar component is likely to be similarly spherical. The motion of a galactic disk about such a population is calculated. Within the plane the flow is to first order along similar concentric ellipses and without of the plane, provided that certain conditions on the background field are met, an oscillation may be excited which can cause isolated galaxies to become warped. The circular motion of matter in such disks will manifest itself in the misalignment of the apparent minor axis and the H I zero-velocity contour. Such an effect may be present in a number of recent H I surveys, although the data presently available do not allow definite conclusions. Alternative explanations of galactic warps are reviewed and their relation to the present proposal discussed.

Binney, J.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Surface pressure data on a series of conical forebodies at Mach numbers from 1.70 to 4.50 and combined angles of attack and sideslip

Tabulated surface pressure data for a series of forebodies which have analytically defined cross sections and are based on a 20 degs half-angle cone are presented without analysis. Five of the cross sections were ellipses having axis ratios of 3/1, 2/1, 1/1, 1/2, and 1/3. The sixth cross section was defined by a curve having a single lobe. The data generally cover angles of attack from -5 degs to 20 degs at angles of sideslip from 0 degs to 5 degs for Mach numbers of 1.70, 2.50, 3.95, and 4.50 at a constant Reynolds number.

Townsend, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Surface pressure data on a series of analytic forebodies at Mach numbers from 1.70 to 4.50 and combined angles of attack and sideslip

Tabulated surface pressure data for a series of four forebodies which have analytically defined cross sections and which are based on a parabolic arc profile having a 20 deg half angle at the nose are presented without analysis. The first forebody has a circular cross section, and the second has a cross section which is an ellipse with an axis ratio of 2/1. The third has a cross section defined by a lobed analytic curve. The fourth forebody has cross sections which develop smoothly from circular at the pointed nose through the lobed analytic curve and back to circular at the aft end. The data generally cover angles of attack from -5 deg to 20 deg at angles of sideslip from 0 deg to 5 deg for Mach numbers of 1.70, 2.50, 3.95, and 4.50 at a constant Reynolds number.

Townsend, J. C.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Rocket ultraviolet imagery of the Andromeda galaxy

Far-UV electrographic imagery of M31 is presented which was obtained during a sounding-rocket flight with an electrographic Schmidt camera sensitive in the wavelength range from 1230 to 2000 A. The resolution in the imagery is such that 50% of the energy from a point source is confined within a circle 40 arcsec in radius. Two conspicuous features are observed in the UV image of M31: one corresponding to a bright association (NGC 206) in the SW region of the disk and one centered on the galactic nucleus. Indications of the general spiral-arm structure are also evident. Absolute photometry and brightness distributions are obtained for the observed features, and both the central region and NGC 206 are shown to be diffuse sources. It is found that the brightness distribution of the central region is a flat ellipse with its major axis closely aligned with the major axis of the galaxy, which favors a source model consisting of young early-type stars close to the galactic plane and constitutes strong evidence against a nonthermal point source at the galactic center.

Carruthers, G. R.↗
NASA NTRS1978

The rings of Uranus - Results of the 10 April 1978 occultation

Observations of the April 10, 1978, stellar occultation by the rings of Uranus are presented. Nine rings were observed, and their radii and widths are calculated. Rings eta, gamma, and delta are found to be most likely circular and coplanar, in agreement with previous analyses; the remaining rings are either noncircular or slightly inclined. The width of the epsilon ring is a linear function of its radius from the center of Uranus, projected onto the satellites' orbital plane; this suggests that it forms one continuous noncircular ring. The optical-depth profile of the epsilon ring has not changed significantly since March 1977. A model of this ring which fits all available observations adequately is that of a uniformly precessing Keplerian ellipse coplanar with the satellites' orbits. This model permits predictions of the radius and width of the epsilon ring for future occultations. The precession rate is used to determine J2 for Uranus, on the assumption that precession is caused solely by the planetary oblateness and not by satellite-ring interactions.

Nicholson, P. D.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Simplified fatigue life analysis for traction drive contacts

A simplified fatigue life analysis for traction drive contacts of arbitrary geometry is presented. The analysis is based on the Lundberg-Palmgren theory used for rolling-element bearings. The effects of torque, element size, speed, contact ellipse ratio, and the influence of traction coefficient are shown. The analysis shows that within the limits of the available traction coefficient, traction contacts exhibit longest life at high speeds. Multiple, load-sharing roller arrangements have an advantageous effect on system life, torque capacity, power-to-weight ratio and size.

Rohn, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1978

On orbital fitting with altimeter data

Using altimeter data from a single pass, orbital fiting of these data is investigated. The stability problems of this special kind of short are method as well as the problem in the case of a mean Keplerian ellipse are discussed in detail. It is shown that short periodic perturbations can influence the size of the eccentricity of the satellite orbit computed from these data. In this way the desired result, the corrections of d zeta to the geoidal undulations, may be falsified.

Lelgemann, D.↗
NASA NTRS1979

Precession of the epsilon ring of Uranus

It is noted that the outer and inner boundaries of the epsilon ring of Uranus can be fitted by aligned Keplerian ellipses. Four possible mechanisms for maintaining uniform precession in the epsilon ring are considered: the ring's self-gravity, precession due to a satellite, smooth pressure gradients, and shocklike phenomena. It is proposed that apse alignment is maintained by the self-gravity of the ring. In this case, a ring mass of approximately 5 x 10 to the 18th g and a mean surface density at quadrature of about 25 g/sq cm are estimated.

Goldreich, P.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Confidence regions of planar cardiac vectors

A method for plotting the confidence regions of vectorial data obtained in electrocardiology is presented. The 90%, 95% and 99% confidence regions of cardiac vectors represented in a plane are obtained in the form of an ellipse centered at coordinates corresponding to the means of a sample selected at random from a bivariate normal distribution. An example of such a plot for the frontal plane QRS mean electrical axis for 80 horses is also presented.

Dubin, S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

The fate of the downgoing slab - A study of the moment tensors from body waves of complex deep-focus earthquakes

Two large, complex deep-focus earthquakes are analyzed, using body waves, to determine the relative locations and equivalent forces of the component events. Details of the source mechanism determination are given, with special emphasis on the means of comparing results for double-couple and more general models. The formalism includes a description of a method for calculating the confidence ellipses around the principal axes of the moment tensor. An interpretation of the results suggests that the mechanism of deep-focus earthquakes is controlled by the buoyancy of the slab and the change in viscosity at the 650 km discontinuity.

Strelitz, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Effects of atmospheric breakup on crater field formation

This paper investigates the physics of meteoroid breakup in the atmosphere and its implications for the observed features of strewn fields. There are several effects which cause dispersion of the meteoroid fragments: gravity, differential lift of the fragments, bow shock interaction just after breakup, centripetal separation by a rotating meteroid, and possibly a dynamical transverse separation resulting from the crushing deceleration in the atmosphere. Of these, it is shown that gravity alone can produce the common pattern in which the largest crater occurs at the downrange end of the scatter ellipse. The average lift-to-drag ratio of the tumbling fragments must be less than about 0.001, otherwise small fragments would produce small craters downrange of the main crater, and this is not generally observed. The cross-range dispersion is probably due to the combined effects of bow shock interaction, crushing deceleration, and possibly spinning of the meteoroid. A number of terrestrial strewn fields are discussed in the light of these ideas, which are formulated quantitatively for a range of meteoroid velocities, entry angles, and crushing strengths. It is found that when the crater size exceeds about 1 km, the separation between the fragments upon landing is a fraction of their own diameter, so that the crater formed by such a fragmented meteoroid is almost indistinguishable from that formed by a solid body of the same total mass and velocity.

Passey, Q. R.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Simplified fatigue life analysis for traction drive contacts

A simplified fatigue life analysis for traction drive contacts of arbitrary geometry is presented. The analysis is based on the Lundberg-Palmgren theory used for rolling-element bearings. The effects of torque, element size, speed, contact ellipse ratio, and the influence of traction coefficient are shown. The analysis shows that within the limits of the available traction coefficient, traction contacts exhibit longest life at high speeds. Multiple, load-sharing roller arrangements have an advantageous effect on system life, torque capacity, power-to-weight ratio and size.

Rohn, D. A.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Induced drag ideal efficiency factor of arbitrary lateral-vertical wing forms

A relatively simple equation is presented for estimating the induced drag ideal efficiency factor e for arbitrary cross sectional wing forms. This equation is based on eight basic but varied wing configurations which have exact solutions. The e function which relates the basic wings is developed statistically and is a continuous function of configuration geometry. The basic wing configurations include boxwings shaped as a rectangle, ellipse, and diamond; the V-wing; end-plate wing; 90 degree cruciform; circle dumbbell; and biplane. Example applications of the e equations are made to many wing forms such as wings with struts which form partial span rectangle dumbbell wings; bowtie, cruciform, winglet, and fan wings; and multiwings. Derivations are presented in the appendices of exact closed form solutions found of e for the V-wing and 90 degree cruciform wing and for an asymptotic solution for multiwings.

Deyoung, J.↗
NASA NTRS1981

Surface temperatures and glassy state investigations in tribology, part 4

Measurements were made of the limiting shear stress for two naphthenic oils of differing molecular weight and three blends of the lower molecular weight oil and polyalkylmethacrylate polymers of differing molecular weight. The two base oils reached the same limiting shear stress for the same temperature and pressure. This was also true for all the polymer solutions although the polymer reduced the limiting shear stress by about 15 percent. It is shown that limiting stress is more a function of material type than viscosity or molecular weight. A new falling body viscometer was constructed to operate to 230 C and 0.6 GPa. Another viscometer was constructed to extend the pressure range to 1.1 GPa. A concentrated contact simulator was developed which allows recording of the traction force while the slide-roll ratio is continuously varied and the rolling speed is maintained essentially constant by a single drive motor. The configuration is that of a crowned roller against a disk. Measurement of lubricant minimum film thickness of elliptical EHD contacts of various aspect ratios were made by optical interferometry. The data collected were used to evaluate the Hamrock and Dowson minimum film thickness model over a range of contract ellipticity ratio where the major axis of the contact ellipse was aligned both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of motion. A statistical analysis of the measured film thickness data showed that on the average the experimental data were 30 percent greater than the film thickness predicted by the model. Preliminary development of the application of a scanning infrared radiation system to a tribo-system was completed.

Bair, S. S.↗
NASA NTRS1980

Vertical slender jets

The shape of a vertical slender jet of fluid falling steadily under the force of gravity is studied. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear free boundary-value problem for the potential. Surface tension effects are neglected. The use of perturbation expansions results in a system of equations that can be solved by an efficient numerical procedure. Computations were made for jets issuing from orifices in various shapes including an ellipse, a rectangle, and an equilateral triangle. Computational results are presented illustrating the propagation of discontinuities and the formation of thin sheets of fluid.

Geer, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1980

An experimental evaluation of the Hamrock and Dowson minimum film thickness equation for fully flooded EHD point contacts

Fifty-seven measurements of the minimum lubricant film separating the elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contact of a steel crowned roller and a flat sapphire disk were made by an optical interferometry technique. The data collected were used to evaluate the Hamrock and Dowson minimum EHD film thickness model over a practical range of contact ellipticity ratio where the major axis of the contact ellipse is aligned both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of motion. A statistical analysis of the measured film thickness data showed that on the average the experimental data averaged 30 percent greater film thickness than the Hamrock and Dowson model predicts.

Koye, K. A.↗