SEARCH · Search NASA
Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
This report summarizes the current status of neutrino physics and the broad and exciting future prospects identified for the Neutrino Frontier as part of the 2021 Snowmass Process.
The GlueX experiment located at Jefferson Lab studies the spectrum of hadrons using photoproduction on a LH2 target in a wide variety of final states. With its detector system capable of measuring neutral and charged final state particles over almost the full solid angle, and very good particle iden- tification capabilities, GlueX can measure many different hadrons containing strangeness. A linearly polarized photon beam allows the measurement of po- larization observables, which contain information about the production mecha- nisms involved in generating strange particles in photoproduction. In addition, GlueX can perform precise cross-section measurements, which help to study the spectrum of strange hadrons. In this presentation, the GlueX experiment is introduced, and recent progress of its strangeness program is discussed. We present recent results on ?0 beam asymmetries, ?(1520) spin-density matrix elements and ongoing studies of the ?(1405) lineshape. We also present our recent progress on measurements of ?? ? and ?(?) photoproduction. Also, future prospects for strangeness measurements at GlueX are discussed.
NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator-based neutrino experiment based in the US. NOvA uses an intense neutrino beam produced at Fermilab’s accelerator complex to make physics measurements of neutrino oscillations, neutrino cross sections, and much more. For its physics goals, NOvA uses two functionally-identical detectors. The Near Detector (ND) is situated at Fermilab, 1 km from the neutrino target and the Far Detector (FD) is located at Ash River, MN, a distance of 810 km from the neutrino source. The ND receives a high statistics neutrino flux which gives a unique opportunity for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements and is used as a control for the oscillation analyses. The FD is used to analyze the appearance and disappearance of the neutrinos arriving from the Fermilab. The purpose of the oscillation analysis is to understand the dominance of matter over antimatter in the universe, to resolve the ordering of neutrino masses, and to resolve the octant of the neutrino mixing angle theta23. In this talk, I will give an overview of the NOvA experiment. I will also talk about the status of the NOvA’s cross-section physics program and the latest results from the oscillation analyses. I will also talk about the future prospects of the experiment.
The muon neutrino disappearance experiments T2K and NOvA, measure a different combination of Delta m^2_31 and Delta m^2_32 then the electron neutrino disappearance experiments Daya Bay and JUNO. This can be used to determine the neutrino mass ordering, one of the outstanding questions of the neutrino sector. In this talk I will explain why this happens and what is the current state and future prospects for the mass ordering determination using this method.
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is one of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector is currently being commissioned and is expected to take neutrino data this year. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities and will record over a million neutrino interactions per year. Thanks to its unique combination of measurement resolution and statistics, SBND will carry out a rich program of neutrino interaction measurements and novel searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). It will enable the potential of the overall SBN sterile neutrino program by performing a precise characterization of the unoscillated event rate, and constraining BNB flux and neutrino-argon cross-section systematic uncertainties. In this talk, the physics reach, current status, and future prospects of SBND are discussed.
Supported the core operations of the National Academies' Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB). Helped support planning and conducting of board meetings, identification of priority topics in computer science and other areas of computing and communications technologies, and oversight for CSTB's portfolio of studies and convenings. Activities shaped and overseen included: a workshop on Al for scientific discovery; collaborative work with other Academies units on a study on foundational research gaps and future directions for digital twins; a study on current capabilities, future prospects, and governance of facial recognition technologies, a study on post- exascale computing; a study on fostering responsible computing research, collaborative work with other Academies units on automated research workflows for accelerated scientific discovery; a study on meeting federal cybersecurity workforce needs, and a study of the ecosystem driving information technology innovation.
Accelerator-based dark sector searches present an excellent opportunity to discover the particles that constitute cosmological dark matter in a laboratory setting. At Fermilab, an exciting program of dark sector searches is now underway across a suite of experiments using high intensity, low- and high-energy proton beamlines. Some of these searches are being carried out at neutrino experiments, which bring high luminosity sources of meson decays near large, sensitive detectors and can therefore probe a variety of dark sector models. Additionally, there have been recent studies highlighting the sensitivity of future and proposed experiments to light dark matter and other dark sector models using protons from Fermilab s new PIP-II linac, currently under construction. In this talk, I will give an overview of Fermilab s accelerator-based dark sector search program, highlight recent results, and discuss future prospects.
This project focused on developing cell-free systems to directly express multi-enzyme catalysts and perform CO2 bioconversions for industrial chemical production. The use of cell-free expression (CFE) systems derived from bacterial lysates is emerging as a promising approach for biomanufacturing. CFEs are genetically programmable, permit the expression of toxic enzymes, and allow for rapid prototyping of metabolic pathways. Research Contributions: 1. Understanding the Area Investigated: This research advances the understanding of cell-free systems by demonstrating their capability to perform complex multi-enzyme reactions. By directly expressing multi-gene systems, CFEs avoid the high costs and inefficiencies associated with producing and purifying enzymes for multi-step pathways. 2. Technical Effectiveness and Economic Feasibility: The project successfully engineered a CFE-based multienzyme biocatalyst for the de novo synthesis of serine and glycine from CO2 equivalents (formate and bicarbonate) and ammonia. This method achieved a 30% conversion rate of formate into these industrially important amino acids. Additionally, an 8-gene CFE biocatalyst was developed to produce malate, conserving 43% of carbon that would otherwise be lost as CO2. This approach has the potential to reach higher carbon efficiency than microbial production. 3. Public Benefit: The cell-free production of chemicals like serine, glycine, and malate using electrochemically generated formate could significantly reduce CO2 emissions. For example, satisfying the global malate market with this method could avoid approximately 400,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually. This work demonstrates the potential of CFE systems to produce platform chemicals, contributing to environmental sustainability and reducing reliance on petrochemicals. Future Prospects: The CFE-based biocatalyst process could be extended to produce a variety of chemicals, including other industrial di-acids, aromatics, terpenes, alcohols, and polymers. This project showcases the capabilities of cell-free expression systems for prototyping carbon-conserving pathways and sustainably bioproducing platform chemicals, marking a significant step towards economically-viable industrial processes.
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is one of the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, and is the near detector in the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector completed commissioning and began taking neutrino data in the summer of 2024. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities and will record around 2 million neutrino interactions per year. Thanks to its unique combination of measurement resolution and statistics, SBND will soon carry out a rich program of neutrino interaction measurements and novel searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). As the near detector, it will enable the full potential of the SBN sterile neutrino program by performing a precise characterization of the unoscillated event rate and constraining BNB flux and neutrino-argon cross-section systematic uncertainties. In this talk, the physics reach, current status, and future prospects of SBND are discussed.
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an experiment under construction that will employ 10-kt scale liquid-argon-TPC technology to do precision measurements of neutrino oscillations. Apart from the determination of CP violation in neutrino interactions, one of the main scientific goals of DUNE is the detection of neutrinos from a supernova burst. It is imperative to maximise the potential of the detector for extracting information for these rare events. The use of light signals to aid the calorimetry of neutrino interactions provides such potential. We will present current efforts to demonstrate the application of combined calorimetry in one of the DUNE prototype detectors at CERN. The ground-level placement of the detector allows collection of large samples of cosmic-ray muons stopping within its volume. Michel electrons from muon decay can be identified in both the ionization charge and scintillation light, serving as a proxy for supernova neutrino interactions at O(10) MeV energies. The method for demonstrating combined calorimetry and its associated challenges will be introduced. We will also summarise the current analysis status and future prospects.
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is one of the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, and is the near detector in the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector has completed Run 1, successfully recording approximately 3 million neutrino interactions, and started Run 2 in the autumn of 2025. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities and will record around 3 million neutrino interactions per year. Thanks to its unique combination of measurement resolution and statistics, SBND will soon carry out a rich program of neutrino interaction measurements and novel searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). As the near detector, it will enable the full potential of the SBN sterile neutrino program by performing a precise characterization of the unoscillated event rate and constraining the BNB flux and neutrino-argon cross-section systematic uncertainties. In this talk, the physics reach, current status, and future prospects of SBND are discussed.
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) is one of the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, and is the near detector in the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector has completed Run 1, successfully recording approximately 3 million neutrino interactions, and started Run 2 in the autumn of 2025. SBND is characterized by superb imaging capabilities and will record around 3 million neutrino interactions per year. Thanks to its unique combination of measurement resolution and statistics, SBND will soon carry out a rich program of neutrino interaction measurements and novel searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). As the near detector, it will enable the full potential of the SBN sterile neutrino program by performing a precise characterization of the unoscillated event rate and constraining the BNB flux and neutrino-argon cross-section systematic uncertainties. In this talk, the physics reach, current status, and future prospects of SBND are discussed.
I review the current status and future prospects of charged lepton flavor violation (CLFV) searches at Fermilab, with emphasis on their sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model and their complementarity to the mission-critical LBNF/DUNE neutrino program. In this context, strategic considerations for the evolution of the complex in the Linac-II era will be discussed, including synergies between CLFV initiatives and mission-critical commitments such as reliable high-power beam delivery to LBNF/DUNE.
The Muon $g-2$ Experiment at Fermilab aims to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment with the unprecedented precision of 140 parts per billion (ppb). In April 2021 the collaboration published the first measurement, based on the first year of data taking. The result confirmed the previous experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and increased the long-standing tension with the Standard Model prediction to 4.2 $\sigma$. The experiment is now running the sixth year of data acquisition of positive muon data, having accumulated a total of $\sim$19 times the statistics of the BNL experiment. A collaboration-wide effort is now in place to help produce the multi-petabyte-sized data sets, a challenge typically faced by much bigger experiments. Having a quick production turnaround time is of critical importance in order to achieve a timely analysis and publication schedule. In this paper I will describe the production workflow, the former and current challenges, the resources, tools, and the future prospects of the Muon $g-2$ Experiment.
The goal of the Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab is to measure the muon magnetic momentanomaly with a final accuracy of 140 parts per billion (ppb). The experiment has published tworesults based on the data collected in 2018 (Run-1) and 2019-2020 (Run-2/3), respectively. These results confirm the previous measurement performed 20 years ago at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and their combination reaches the unprecedented uncertainty of 200 ppb. This proceeding presents a brief overview of the Standard Model prediction for the muon g-2. It then summarizes the experimental measurement technique and the Run-1 and Run-2/3 measurements, detailing the improvements in their systematic and statistical uncertainties. Finally, it illustrates the comparison between theory and experiment and discusses future prospects.
The Fermilab Muon g-2 experiment measures the muon anomalous magnetic moment with high precision. Together with recent improvements on the theory front, the first results of the experiment confirm the long-standing discrepancy between the experimental measurements and the Standard Model predictions. The observed value of $a_{\mu}({\textrm{FNAL}})=116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}(\text{0.46 ppm})$, combined with the previous experimental measurement, results in a discrepancy of $(251\pm 59)\times 10^{-11}$ with the theoretical prediction, corresponding to $4.2\sigma$. This note presents the first results, the current status and the future prospects of the Muon $g-2$ experiment at Fermilab.
This perspective article delves into the critical role of hydrogen as a sustainable energy carrier in the context of the ongoing global energy transition. Hydrogen, with its potential to decarbonize various sectors, has emerged as a key player in achieving decarbonization and energy sustainability goals. This article provides an overview of the current state of hydrogen technology, its production methods, and its applications across diverse industries. By exploring the challenges and opportunities associated with hydrogen integration, we aim to shed light on the pathways toward achieving a sustainable hydrogen economy. Additionally, the article underscores the need for collaborative efforts among policymakers, industries, and researchers to overcome existing hurdles and unlock the full potential of hydrogen in the transition to a low-carbon future. Through a balanced analysis of the present landscape and future prospects, this perspective article aims to contribute valuable insights to the discourse surrounding hydrogen’s role in the global energy transition.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy is an effective technique for radioactive material characterization, routine inventory verification, nuclear safeguards, health physics, and source search scenarios. Gamma-ray spectrometers typically cannot be operated in the immediate vicinity of nuclear reactors due to their high flux fields and their resulting inability to resolve individual pulses. Low-power reactor facilities offer the possibility to study reactor gamma-ray fields, a domain of experiments hitherto poorly explored. In this work, we present gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments performed with various detectors in two reactors: The EPFL zero-power research reactor CROCUS, and the neutron beam facility at the Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR). We employed inorganic scintillators (CeBr3), organic scintillators (trans-stilbene and organic glass), and high-purity germanium semiconductors (HPGe) to cover a range of typical—and new—instruments used in gamma-ray spectroscopy. The aim of this study is to provide a guideline for reactor users regarding detector performance, observed responses, and therefore available information in the reactor photon fields up to 2 MeV. The results indicate several future prospects, such as the online (at criticality) monitoring of fission products (like Xe, I, and La), dual-particle sensitive experiments, and code validation opportunities.