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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1994

Correcting For Seed-Particle Lag In LV Measurements

Two experiments conducted to evaluate effects of sizes of seed particles on errors in LV measurements of mean flows. Both theoretical and conventional experimental methods used to evaluate errors. First experiment focused on measurement of decelerating stagnation streamline of low-speed flow around circular cylinder with two-dimensional afterbody. Second performed in transonic flow and involved measurement of decelerating stagnation streamline of hemisphere with cylindrical afterbody. Concluded, mean-quantity LV measurements subject to large errors directly attributable to sizes of particles. Predictions of particle-response theory showed good agreement with experimental results, indicating velocity-error-correction technique used in study viable for increasing accuracy of laser velocimetry measurements. Technique simple and useful in any research facility in which flow velocities measured.

Jones, Gregory S.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Effects of Blade to Blade Dissimilarities on Rotor Body Lead Lag Dynamics

Small blade-to-blade property differences are investigated to determine how they affect the behavior of a simple rotor-body system. An analytical approach is used which emphasizes the significance of these effects from the experimental point of view. It is found that the primary effect of blade-to-blade dissimilarities is the appearance of additional peaks in the frequency spectrum which are separated from the conventional response peaks by multiples of the rotor speed. These additional responses are potential experimental problems because when they occur near a mode of interest they act as contaminant frequencies which can make damping measurements difficult. Increased rotor-body coupling and a rotor shaft degree of freedom act to improve the situation by altering the frequency separation of the modes.

McNulty, Michael J.↗
NASA NTRS2001

Predictive Compensator Optimization for Head Tracking Lag in Virtual Environments

We examined the perceptual impact of plant noise parameterization for Kalman Filter predictive compensation of time delays intrinsic to head tracked virtual environments (VEs). Subjects were tested in their ability to discriminate between the VE system's minimum latency and conditions in which artificially added latency was then predictively compensated back to the system minimum. Two head tracking predictors were parameterized off-line according to cost functions that minimized prediction errors in (1) rotation, and (2) rotation projected into translational displacement with emphasis on higher frequency human operator noise. These predictors were compared with a parameterization obtained from the VE literature for cost function (1). Results from 12 subjects showed that both parameterization type and amount of compensated latency affected discrimination. Analysis of the head motion used in the parameterizations and the subsequent discriminability results suggest that higher frequency predictor artifacts are contributory cues for discriminating the presence of predictive compensation.

Adelstein, Barnard D.↗
NASA NTRS2001

The Lag Model, a Turbulence Model for Wall Bounded Flows Including Separation

A new class of turbulence model is described for wall bounded, high Reynolds number flows. A specific turbulence model is demonstrated, with results for favorable and adverse pressure gradient flowfields. Separation predictions are as good or better than either Spalart Almaras or SST models, do not require specification of wall distance, and have similar or reduced computational effort compared with these models.

Olsen, Michael E.↗
NASA NTRS1995

State Estimation of Main Rotor Flap and Lead-Lag Using Accelerometers and Laser Transducers on the RASCAL UH-60 Helicopter

Modern rotorcraft flight control system designs which promise to yield high vehicle response bandwidth and good gust rejection can benefit from the use of rotor-state feedbacks. The measurement of main rotor blade motions is also desirable to validate and improve rotorcraft simulation models, to identify high-order linear flight dynamics models, to provide rotor system health monitoring; during flight test, and to provide for correlation with acoustic measurements from wind tunnel and flight tests. However, few attempts have been made to instrument a flight vehicle in this manner, and no previous system has had the robustness and accuracy required for these diverse applications. A rotor blade motion measurement and estimation system has been developed by NASA and the U.S. Army for use on the Rotorcraft Aircrew Systems Concepts Airborne Laboratory (RASCAL) helicopter. RASCAL is a UH-60 Blackhawk which is being modified at Ames Research Center in a phased development program for use in flight dynamics and controls, navigation, airspace management, and rotorcraft human factors research. The aircraft will feature a full-authority, digital, fly-by-wire research flight control system; a coupled ring laser gyro, differential GPS based navigation system; a stereoscopic color wide field of view helmet, mounted display; programmable panel mounted displays; and advanced navigation sensors. The rotor blade motion system is currently installed for data acquisition only, but will be integrated with the research flight control system when it is installed later this year.

Fletcher, Jay W.↗
NASA NTRS2004

Frequency-Dependent Time Lags in Three Blazars

The work completed includes the analysis of observations obtained during Cycle 6 of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The project is part of a longer-term, continuing program to study the X-ray emission process in blazars in collaboration with Dr. Ian McHardy (U. of Southampton, UK). The goals of the program are to study the X-ray emission mechanism in blazars and the relation of the X-ray emission to changes in the relativistic jet. The program includes contemporaneous brightness and linear polarization monitoring at radio and optical wavelengths, total and polarized intensity imaging at 43 GHz with a resolution of 0.1 milliarcseconds with the VLBA, and well-sampled X-ray light curves obtained from a series of approved RXTE programs. During RXTE cycle 6, the project was awarded RXTE time to monitor three quasars: PKS 1510-089 two times per week, and 3C 273 and 3C 279 three times per week each. The X-ray data, including those from earlier cycles, were compared with radio measurements obtained 2-3 times per week in the centimeter-wave band with the Michigan radio telescope, monthly imaging observations with the VLBA at 43 GHz, and optical observations obtained at several telescopes around the world. Since it is the long-term X-ray light curve that is of greatest value, this report includes discussion of all the data collected through August 2003 rather than just the Cycle 6 data.

Marscher, Alan P.↗
NASA NTRS1950

Investigations of Lateral Stability of a Glide Bomb Using Automatic Control Having No Time Lag

The investigation of the lateral stability of an automatically controlled glide bomb led also to the attempt of clarifying the influence of a phugoid oscillation or of any general longitudinal oscillation on the lateral stability of a glide bomb. Under the assumption that its period of oscillation considerably exceeds the rolling and yawing oscillation and that c(sub a) is, at least in sections, practically constant, the result of this test is quite simple. It becomes clear that the influence of the phugoid oscillation may be replaced by suitable variation of the rolling-yawing moment on a rectilinear flight path instead of the phugoid oscillation. If the flying weight of the glide bomb of unchanged dimensions is increased, an increase of the flight velocity will be more favorable than an increase of the lift coefficient. The arrangement of the control permits lateral stability to be achieved in every case; a minimum rolling moment due to sideslip proves of great help.

Sponder, E. W.↗
NASA NTRS1995

Multiwavelength monitoring of the BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304. 4: Multiwavelength analysis

Simultaneous X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and radio monitoring data were used to test and constrain models of continuum emission from the BL Lacertae object PKS 2155-304. Intensively sampled ultraviolet and soft X-ray light curves showed a clear temporal correlation with the X-rays leading the ultraviolet by 2-3 hr. This lag was found to be significantly different from zero after an exhaustive comparison of four different techniques for measuring temporal correlations. Variations in the ultraviolet trough optical wave bands were also strongly correlated, with no measurable lag down to limiting timescales of approximately less than 1-2 hr. This strong correlation extends to the near-infrared, but the less intensive sampling precludes measurement of any lag beyomnd an upper limit of approximately less than 1 day. These lags and limits of the order of hours are much shorter than most rapid observed single-band variations. Because of the very sparse radio sampling, it was not possible to measure quantitatively the correlation and lag with shorter wavelengths, but the data do suggest that the radio may lag the optical/ultraviolet by approximately 1 week, with longer delays and weaker variations to longer radio wavelengths. The epoch-folding Q(exp 2) statistic was used to test for periodicity, and no evidence for strict or quasi-periodicity was found in any of the light curves. Because they lead the lower frequencies, the soft X-rays (approximately less than 1 keV) cannot arise from synchrotron self-Compton scattering. These results also rule out the accretion disk model, which predicts a measurable lag between ultraviolet/optical wavelength bands and a correlation between hardness and brightness, neither of which were seen. They are consistent with the entire radio through X-ray continuum arising from direct synchrotron emission from a relativistic jet. However, the tapered jet model, in which the X-ray emission is produced closer in, has problems explaining the magnitude of the ultraviolet/X-ray lag, because the X-ray-emitting electrons have very short lifetimes (t(sub 1/2) much less than 1 s). The result that the lag is much smaller than the variability timescale suggests instead that the radiation may be produced in a flattened region such as a shock front.

Edelson, R.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Techniques for Improving the Stability of Soft Inplane Hingeless Rotors

The influence of basic parameters that govern flap lag stability of hingeless rotor blades in hover is reviewed, and potential methods are studied for improving the lead lag damping of soft inplane configurations for low thrust conditions. These conditions are relevant for ground and air resonance stability of coupled rotor body dynamic systems. Results indicate that the isolated rotor blade lead lag damping can be usefully increased by a combination of flap lag elastic coupling and pitch lag coupling. For a typical soft inplane configuration, 6% of critical damping can be obtained for moderate pitch lag coupling. For large values of the coupling parameters, the lead lag frequency is substantially reduced at high pitch angles and airfoil stall effects also reduce the lead lag damping.

Ormiston, R. A.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The complex cross-spectra of Cygnus X-2 and GX 5-1

The intensity variations of Cyg X-2 and GX 5-1 are analyzed with a Fourier cross-spectral technique making it possible to measure the frequency dependence of the time lags between the intensity variations in two X-ray spectral bands. In the 20-40 Hz frequency range of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPO), the hard (about 5-18 keV) signal lags the soft (about 1-5 keV) one, while the reverse is true for the associated red noise. The observed time lags range from 0.4 to 8 ms. For similar QPO parameters, the observed lags are much smaller in GX 5-1 than they are in Cyg X-2. The 'hard lags' previously measured in the cross-correlation functions of these sources are now identified as due to lags in the QPO. It is argued that the 'soft lags' now detected in the red noise are not inconsistent with the interpretation of the hard lags as due to inverse Compton scattering.

Van Der Klis, M.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Dynamic analysis of rotor blade undergoing rotor power shutdown

A rigid flap-lag blade analysis was developed to simulate a rotor in a wind tunnel undergoing an emergency power shutdown. Results show that for a rotor at a nonzero shaft tilt angle undergoing an emergency power shutdown, the oscillatory lag response is divergent. The mean lag response is large when tested at high collective pitch angles. Reducing the collective pitch during the emergency shutdown reduces the steady lag response. Increasing the rotor shaft tilt angle increases the oscillatory lag response component. The blade lag response obtained by incorporating a nonlinear lag damper model indicates that in this case the equivalent linear viscous damping is lower than originally expected. Simulation results indicate that large oscillatory lag motions can be suppressed if the rotor shaft is returned to the fully vertical position during the emergency power shutdown.

Nguyen, Khanh Quoc↗