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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 235 records · Page 13
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1986

Mapping experiment with space station

Mapping of the Earth from space stations can be approached in two areas. One is to collect gravity data for defining topographic datum using Earth's gravity field in terms of spherical harmonics. The other is to search and explore techniques of mapping topography using either optical or radar images with or without reference to ground central points. Without ground control points, an integrated camera system can be designed. With ground control points, the position of the space station (camera station) can be precisely determined at any instant. Therefore, terrestrial topography can be precisely mapped either by conventional photogrammetric methods or by current digital technology of image correlation. For the mapping experiment, it is proposed to establish four ground points either in North America or Africa (including the Sahara desert). If this experiment should be successfully accomplished, it may also be applied to the defense charting systems.

Wu, S. S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1985

Measurement of orbital dynamics of the OAST-1 Solar Array using recorded video images

The OAST-1 Solar Array Experiment was flown on Shuttle mission STS-41D on August 31, 1984 for NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology. It is pointed out that this was the first flight demonstration of the operation of a large solar array which was designed for multiple deployments and retractions. The array represents also a new class of very lightweight, flexible, low-frequency structures. A program was, therefore, implemented with the aim to study the structural dynamics of the array on the basis of a photogrammetric analysis of data obtained with the existing Shuttle closed circuit television (CCTV) system. The present paper has the objective to describe the experiment and its implementation, taking into account the unique process of analyzing the video data.

Miller, J. B.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Description of and results from camera systems for recording daytime lightning strikes to an airplane in flight

Photographic still and movie and video camera systems have been developed to reveal more about the characteristics of daytime lightning strikes to airplanes in flight. Equipment selection and design is particularly important with regard to time of event occurrence, time correlation between cameras, rapidity of actuation, ease of photogrammetric analysis, and selection of fields of view. The most recent such camera systems flown in an NASA F-106B research airplane are described and design considerations are discussed. Daytime depictions of lightning strikes are presented as illustrative of some of these considerations.

Brown, P. W.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Multiple incidence angle SIR-B experiment over Argentina Stereo-radargrammetric analysis

Four overlapping Shuttle Imaging Radar-B (SIR-B) radar images were obtained across southern Argentina; these form a total of six stereo models with intersection angles ranging from 5 to 23 deg. This data set is uniquely suited for experimental evaluation of some basic assumptions on stereo-radargrammetry. Each stereo model was measured on a specially programmed photogrammetric analytical plotter; the resulting coordinates of ground points were compared with those from maps. It is concluded that accuracies are lower than expected at the larger stereo-intersection angles, amounting to about + or 60 m in each coordinate direction. This might be explained by limitations of the quality of stereofusion caused by look angle differences and specular point migration, backscatter differences due to different incidence angles, differences in azimuth directions, and image noise and speckle.

Leberl, F.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Geometric principles for constructing radar panoramas of the surface of Venus: Hypsometric features of the Moon and terrestrial planets

The physographic curves of the moon and terrestrial planets, drawn both for the entire surface as a whole and for individual hemispheres, were compared to discover the common consistencies and individual features in the distribution of hypsometric levels. In 1983 to 1984 the automated interplanetary stations (AMS) Venera 15 and 16 made radar maps of the planet Venus. The synthesized images are the basic initial material for photogrammetric and catrographic processing to create maps of the Venus surface. These principles are discussed.

Rzhiga, O. N.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Progress in compilation of the 1:2,000,000-scale topographic map

The application of special photogrammetric techniques has enabled the systematic mapping of Mars' topography at a scale of 1:2,000,000, using high-altitude Viking Orbiter pictures. In fiscal 86, compilation was completed of the 24 subquadrangles that make up the quadrangles MC-12, MC-13, MC-14, MC-15, MC-20, and MC-21. This work completes compilation of the 60 topographic maps covering the equatorial belt (lat. + or - 30 deg). The remaining 80 subquadrangles of Mars are planned to be completed within 3 years (27, 27 and 26 subquadrangles, in fiscal 87, 88, and 89, respectively). Elevations on all topographic maps are relative to the Mars topographic datum. The maps have a contour interval of 1 km and a precision of + or - 1 km. The equatorial-belt maps are Mercator projections having true scale at lat. + or - 27.476 deg. These maps provide more precise information than do those previously available and they will help in understanding the geologic processes that have shaped the Martian surface.

Wu, Sherman S. C.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The control networks of the satellites of Jupiter

Geodetic control networks are being computed photogrammetrically for the large satellites of Jupiter, using pictures from the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters. Control points have been identified on the satellites and their coordinates computed by single-block analytical triangulation. The data sets have been converted from the B1950 to the J2000 inertial coordinate system to be compatible with future flight missions.

Davies, Merton E.↗
NASA NTRS1985

High speed photography, videography, and photonics III; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, August 22, 23, 1985

Papers are presented on the picosecond electronic framing camera, photogrammetric techniques using high-speed cineradiography, picosecond semiconductor lasers for characterizing high-speed image shutters, the measurement of dynamic strain by high-speed moire photography, the fast framing camera with independent frame adjustments, design considerations for a data recording system, and nanosecond optical shutters. Consideration is given to boundary-layer transition detectors, holographic imaging, laser holographic interferometry in wind tunnels, heterodyne holographic interferometry, a multispectral video imaging and analysis system, a gated intensified camera, a charge-injection-device profile camera, a gated silicon-intensified-target streak tube and nanosecond-gated photoemissive shutter tubes. Topics discussed include high time-space resolved photography of lasers, time-resolved X-ray spectrographic instrumentation for laser studies, a time-resolving X-ray spectrometer, a femtosecond streak camera, streak tubes and cameras, and a short pulse X-ray diagnostic development facility.

Ponseggi, B. G.↗
NASA NTRS1986

Optics in engineering measurement; Proceedings of the Meeting, Cannes, France, December 3-6, 1985

The present conference on optical measurement systems considers topics in the fields of holographic interferometry, speckle techniques, moire fringe and grating methods, optical surface gaging, laser- and fiber-optics-based measurement systems, and optics for engineering data evaluation. Specific attention is given to holographic NDE for aerospace composites, holographic interferometry of rotating components, new developments in computer-aided holography, electronic speckle pattern interferometry, mass transfer measurements using projected fringes, nuclear reactor photogrammetric inspection, a laser Doppler vibrometer, and optoelectronic measurements of the yaw angle of projectiles.

Fagan, William F.↗
NASA NTRS1987

The control networks of the satellites of Uranus

The present photogrammetric derivation of control networks for the five Uranus satellites Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, and Oberon, on the basis of Voyager 2 images, covers the illuminated southern hemisphere of each satellite and respectively yields 103, 52, 43, 46, and 34 coordinate points. It is found that Titania is ellipsoidal, with 241-, 235-, and 232-km radii.In addition, mean radii are determined to be 579 km for Ariel, 586 km for Umbriel, 790 km for Titania, and 762 km for Oberon. Some of the control points used have been identified on the U.S. Geological Survey maps of these satellites.

Davies, Merton E.↗
NASA NTRS1987

Land cover/use classification of Cairns, Queensland, Australia: A remote sensing study involving the conjunctive use of the airborne imaging spectrometer, the large format camera and the thematic mapper simulator

In an attempt to improve the land cover/use classification accuracy obtainable from remotely sensed multispectral imagery, Airborne Imaging Spectrometer-1 (AIS-1) images were analyzed in conjunction with Thematic Mapper Simulator (NS001) Large Format Camera color infrared photography and black and white aerial photography. Specific portions of the combined data set were registered and used for classification. Following this procedure, the resulting derived data was tested using an overall accuracy assessment method. Precise photogrammetric 2D-3D-2D geometric modeling techniques is not the basis for this study. Instead, the discussion exposes resultant spectral findings from the image-to-image registrations. Problems associated with the AIS-1 TMS integration are considered, and useful applications of the imagery combination are presented. More advanced methodologies for imagery integration are needed if multisystem data sets are to be utilized fully. Nevertheless, research, described herein, provides a formulation for future Earth Observation Station related multisensor studies.

Heric, Matthew↗
NASA NTRS1989

Remote sensing of global snowpack energy and mass balance: In-situ measurements on the snow of interior and Arctic Alaska

Observations led to a study of the physical properties of snow and the processes which operate on it. These observations included microwave brightness temperatures in interior Alaska which revealed: (1) up to three times more variability from one cell (1/2 degree latitude x 1/2 degree longitude) to the next in winter than in summer (5 to 15 K in winter and about 5 K in summer); (2) the overall range of temperature from week to week is about seven times greater in winter than in summer; (3) the microwave brightness temperature is about 25 K less than air temperature during summer but 35 to 60 K less during winter; and (4) the presence of snow cover appears to contribute to increasing the difference between air temperature and brightness temperature. The role of irregular substrate under the snow in enhancing convection has been studied with particular attention to variations in snow cover on water surfaces and in forested regions. LANDSAT imagery has been obtained to prepare a classification of ground surface types of the area. The extreme conditions of the 1988 to 1989 winter are discussed with respect to comparing the microwave data sets from 1985, and before, up to the present. The use of the Mt. Wrangell area as aerial photogrammetric controls for glacier measurements is given attention.

Benson, Carl S.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Phobos and Deimos control networks

Viking Orbiter images of Phobos and Deimos have been measured to establish global control networks for 98 surface features of the former and 53 of the latter; photogrammetric triangulation has yielded body-fixed coordinates of these control-points, as well as mean triaxial radii of 13.3 x 11.1 x 9.3 km for Phobos and 7.5 x 6.2 x 5.4 for Deimos. Expressions are also obtained for the inertial orientations of these bodies' spin axes and prime meridians. While these expressions should be accurate to a few tenths of a deg for the 1971-1980 period, their accuracy will degrade with time as the orbit accuracy degrades.

Duxbury, Thomas C.↗
NASA NTRS1989

Remote Attitude Measurement Sensor (RAMS)

Remote attitude measurement sensor (RAMS) offers a low-cost, low-risk, proven design concept that is based on mature, demonstrated space sensor technology. The electronic design concepts and interpolation algorithms were tested and proven in space hardware like th Retroreflector Field Tracker and various star trackers. The RAMS concept is versatile and has broad applicability to both ground testing and spacecraft needs. It is ideal for use as a precision laboratory sensor for structural dynamics testing. It requires very little set-up or preparation time and the output data is immediately usable without integration or extensive analysis efforts. For on-orbit use, RAMS rivals any other type of dynamic structural sensor (accelerometer, lidar, photogrammetric techniques, etc.) for overall performance, reliability, suitability, and cost. Widespread acceptance and extensive usage of RAMS will occur only after some interested agency, such as OAST, adopts the RAMS concept and provides the funding support necessary for further development and implementation of RAMS for a specific program.

Davis, H. W.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Space environment robot vision system

A prototype twin-camera stereo vision system for autonomous robots has been developed at Goddard Space Flight Center. Standard charge coupled device (CCD) imagers are interfaced with commercial frame buffers and direct memory access to a computer. The overlapping portions of the images are analyzed using photogrammetric techniques to obtain information about the position and orientation of objects in the scene. The camera head consists of two 510 x 492 x 8-bit CCD cameras mounted on individually adjustable mounts. The 16 mm efl lenses are designed for minimum geometric distortion. The cameras can be rotated in the pitch, roll, and yaw (pan angle) directions with respect to their optical axes. Calibration routines have been developed which automatically determine the lens focal lengths and pan angle between the two cameras. The calibration utilizes observations of a calibration structure with known geometry. Test results show the precision attainable is plus or minus 0.8 mm in range at 2 m distance using a camera separation of 171 mm. To demonstrate a task needed on Space Station Freedom, a target structure with a movable I beam was built. The camera head can autonomously direct actuators to dock the I-beam to another one so that they could be bolted together.

Wood, H. John↗
NASA NTRS1990

Quantitative assessment of human motion using video motion analysis

In the study of the dynamics and kinematics of the human body, a wide variety of technologies was developed. Photogrammetric techniques are well documented and are known to provide reliable positional data from recorded images. Often these techniques are used in conjunction with cinematography and videography for analysis of planar motion, and to a lesser degree three-dimensional motion. Cinematography has been the most widely used medium for movement analysis. Excessive operating costs and the lag time required for film development coupled with recent advances in video technology have allowed video based motion analysis systems to emerge as a cost effective method of collecting and analyzing human movement. The Anthropometric and Biomechanics Lab at Johnson Space Center utilizes the video based Ariel Performance Analysis System to develop data on shirt-sleeved and space-suited human performance in order to plan efficient on orbit intravehicular and extravehicular activities. The system is described.

Probe, John D.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Design and fabrication of an erectable truss for precision segmented reflector application

The design of a first generation, 4-meter-diameter, doubly-curved, tetrahedral support truss for precision parabolic reflector panels, incorporating joints specifically designed for on-orbit astronaut assembly, is presented. Operational and design features of the erectable joint are detailed. Methods used to achieve very accurate strut lengths are described. Initial static and dynamic truss test results are presented which demonstrate linear structural response and predictability. Truss surface accuracy, determined photogrammetrically, is shown to be within 0.003 inch (RMS) of design.

Bush, Harold G.↗
NASA NTRS1989

The use of aircraft laser ranging data for forest mensuration

Laser studies dealing with various aspects of forest canopy measurement are reviewed. Aircraft LIDAR data have been used to estimate canopy density, tree heights, forest volume and biomass, to discriminate terrain units, and to add a height component to multispectral forest cover classifications. Linear comparisons between photogrammetrically-estimated canopy density and laser metrics indicate that the laser explains 45-65 percent of the variation noted in the photo estimates.

Nelson, Ross F.↗