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DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Mn3OF5 by Materials Project

Mn3OF5 is Hydrophilite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Mn+2.33+ sites. In the first Mn+2.33+ site, Mn+2.33+ is bonded to one O2- and five F1- atoms to form MnOF5 octahedra that share corners with eight MnOF5 octahedra and edges with two MnO2F4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–60°. The Mn–O bond length is 1.92 Å. There are a spread of Mn–F bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.15 Å. In the second Mn+2.33+ site, Mn+2.33+ is bonded to one O2- and five F1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–60°. The Mn–O bond length is 2.05 Å. There are a spread of Mn–F bond distances ranging from 2.12–2.26 Å. In the third Mn+2.33+ site, Mn+2.33+ is bonded to one O2- and five F1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–60°. The Mn–O bond length is 2.04 Å. There are a spread of Mn–F bond distances ranging from 2.13–2.19 Å. In the fourth Mn+2.33+ site, Mn+2.33+ is bonded to two O2- and four F1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnO2F4 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–56°. There is one shorter (1.88 Å) and one longer (1.96 Å) Mn–O bond length. There are a spread of Mn–F bond distances ranging from 2.08–2.29 Å. In the fifth Mn+2.33+ site, Mn+2.33+ is bonded to six F1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnF6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 48–60°. There are a spread of Mn–F bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.20 Å. In the sixth Mn+2.33+ site, Mn+2.33+ is bonded to one O2- and five F1- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing MnOF5 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 43–56°. The Mn–O bond length is 2.04 Å. There are a spread of Mn–F bond distances ranging from 2.11–2.20 Å. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. There are ten inequivalent F1- sites. In the first F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the second F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the third F1- site, F1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the fourth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the fifth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the sixth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the seventh F1- site, F1- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the eighth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the ninth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms. In the tenth F1- site, F1- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to three Mn+2.33+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on NaFe12O19 by Materials Project

NaFe12O19 is beta indium sulfide-derived structured and crystallizes in the monoclinic Cm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are two inequivalent Na sites. In the first Na site, Na is bonded to twelve O atoms to form distorted NaO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra, edges with six FeO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.84–3.00 Å. In the second Na site, Na is bonded to twelve O atoms to form distorted NaO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with six equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra, edges with six FeO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, and faces with six FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.82–3.01 Å. There are twenty inequivalent Fe sites. In the first Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.14 Å. In the second Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.12 Å. In the third Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, faces with three equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.99–2.08 Å. In the fourth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–59°. There is three shorter (1.94 Å) and one longer (1.96 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the fifth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, faces with three equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 52–53°. There are three shorter (2.00 Å) and three longer (2.04 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the sixth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are two shorter (2.03 Å) and four longer (2.04 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the seventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to five O atoms to form FeO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with twelve FeO6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.90–2.30 Å. In the eighth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra and edges with six FeO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.01 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the ninth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.13 Å. In the tenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–60°. There is three shorter (1.93 Å) and one longer (1.95 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the eleventh Fe site, Fe is bonded to five O atoms to form FeO5 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with twelve FeO6 octahedra and edges with three equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 41–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.28 Å. In the twelfth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.14 Å. In the thirteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.14 Å. In the fourteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.12 Å. In the fifteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.14 Å. In the sixteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, faces with three equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are three shorter (1.99 Å) and three longer (2.06 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the seventeenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO6 octahedra, corners with three equivalent FeO5 trigonal bipyramids, faces with three equivalent NaO12 cuboctahedra, and a faceface with one FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 52°. There are three shorter (1.99 Å) and three longer (2.06 Å) Fe–O bond lengths. In the eighteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two equivalent FeO6 octahedra, corners with three FeO4 tetrahedra, a cornercorner with one FeO5 trigonal bipyramid, an edgeedge with one NaO12 cuboctahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 53°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.11 Å. In the nineteenth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–59°. There is three shorter (1.94 Å) and one longer (1.96 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the twentieth Fe site, Fe is bonded to four O atoms to form corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–60°. There is two shorter (1.93 Å) and two longer (1.94 Å) Fe–O bond length. There are twenty-eight inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and three Fe atoms. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the tenth O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OFe4 tetrahedra. In the eleventh O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the twelfth O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OFe4 tetrahedra. In the thirteenth O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OFe4 tetrahedra. In the fourteenth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and three Fe atoms. In the fifteenth O site, O is bonded to four Fe atoms to form distorted corner-sharing OFe4 tetrahedra. In the sixteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the seventeenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the eighteenth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the nineteenth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and three Fe atoms. In the twentieth O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-first O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-second O site, O is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-third O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the twenty-fourth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Na and three Fe atoms. In the twenty-fifth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the twenty-sixth O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the twenty-seventh O site, O is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe atoms. In the twenty-eighth O site, O is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na and three Fe atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on U5B4Rh15 by Materials Project

U5Rh15B4 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent U sites. In the first U site, U is bonded to twelve Rh atoms to form URh12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve URh12 cuboctahedra, faces with six URh12 cuboctahedra, and faces with four equivalent BRh6 octahedra. There are a spread of U–Rh bond distances ranging from 2.85–3.02 Å. In the second U site, U is bonded to twelve Rh atoms to form URh12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve URh12 cuboctahedra, faces with six URh12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight BRh6 octahedra. There are a spread of U–Rh bond distances ranging from 2.96–3.00 Å. In the third U site, U is bonded to twelve Rh atoms to form URh12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve URh12 cuboctahedra, faces with six URh12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight equivalent BRh6 octahedra. All U–Rh bond lengths are 2.98 Å. There are six inequivalent Rh sites. In the first Rh site, Rh is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four equivalent U and one B atom. The Rh–B bond length is 2.00 Å. In the second Rh site, Rh is bonded to four equivalent U and two B atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing RhU4B2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–60°. There are one shorter (2.11 Å) and one longer (2.22 Å) Rh–B bond lengths. In the third Rh site, Rh is bonded to four equivalent U and two equivalent B atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing RhU4B2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–60°. Both Rh–B bond lengths are 2.15 Å. In the fourth Rh site, Rh is bonded in a distorted square co-planar geometry to four equivalent U atoms. In the fifth Rh site, Rh is bonded to four U and two equivalent B atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing RhU4B2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–60°. Both Rh–B bond lengths are 2.11 Å. In the sixth Rh site, Rh is bonded to four U and two equivalent B atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing RhU4B2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–60°. Both Rh–B bond lengths are 2.11 Å. There are two inequivalent B sites. In the first B site, B is bonded to six Rh atoms to form BRh6 octahedra that share corners with five BRh6 octahedra and faces with eight URh12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–9°. In the second B site, B is bonded to six Rh atoms to form BRh6 octahedra that share corners with six BRh6 octahedra and faces with eight URh12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Li4Sc3In(SiO3)8 by Materials Project

Li4Sc3In(SiO3)8 is Esseneite-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Li1+ sites. In the first Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are a spread of Li–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.12 Å. In the second Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are one shorter (2.10 Å) and three longer (2.11 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the third Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. There are two shorter (2.08 Å) and two longer (2.11 Å) Li–O bond lengths. In the fourth Li1+ site, Li1+ is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four O2- atoms. All Li–O bond lengths are 2.11 Å. There are three inequivalent Sc3+ sites. In the first Sc3+ site, Sc3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ScO6 octahedra that share corners with six SiO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent ScO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sc–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.27 Å. In the second Sc3+ site, Sc3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ScO6 octahedra that share corners with six SiO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent ScO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sc–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.27 Å. In the third Sc3+ site, Sc3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form ScO6 octahedra that share corners with six SiO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent InO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sc–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.26 Å. In3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form InO6 octahedra that share corners with six SiO4 tetrahedra and edges with two equivalent ScO6 octahedra. There are a spread of In–O bond distances ranging from 2.10–2.28 Å. There are eight inequivalent Si4+ sites. In the first Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one ScO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent InO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–61°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.61–1.66 Å. In the second Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ScO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–60°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.66 Å. In the third Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one InO6 octahedra, corners with two ScO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 40–60°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.61–1.66 Å. In the fourth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one InO6 octahedra, corners with two ScO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–61°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.66 Å. In the fifth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ScO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–60°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.66 Å. In the sixth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one InO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent ScO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–59°. There is one shorter (1.62 Å) and three longer (1.65 Å) Si–O bond length. In the seventh Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share a cornercorner with one InO6 octahedra, corners with two ScO6 octahedra, and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–59°. There is one shorter (1.62 Å) and three longer (1.65 Å) Si–O bond length. In the eighth Si4+ site, Si4+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form SiO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ScO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent SiO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 37–60°. There are a spread of Si–O bond distances ranging from 1.62–1.66 Å. There are twenty-four inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 150 degrees geometry to two Si4+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+, one In3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to one Li1+, one In3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted T-shaped geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, one In3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+, two Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Li1+, two Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, one In3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, two Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, one In3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, one Sc3+, one In3+, and one Si4+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to one Li1+, two Sc3+, and one Si4+ atom.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Zn3TeP2Pb3O14 by Materials Project

Pb3TeZn3P2O14 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are twelve inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 61°. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (2.03 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 61°. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the third Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the fourth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 62°. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (2.03 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the fifth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 58°. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (2.02 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the sixth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form distorted ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two equivalent PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 60°. There is two shorter (1.96 Å) and two longer (2.01 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the seventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 59–60°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.01 Å. In the eighth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 57–61°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.03 Å. In the ninth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–60°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.03 Å. In the tenth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 59°. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (2.00 Å) Zn–O bond length. In the eleventh Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–61°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.04 Å. In the twelfth Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with two equivalent TeO6 octahedra and corners with two PO4 tetrahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 57–61°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.02 Å. There are twelve inequivalent Pb2+ sites. In the first Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 6-coordinate geometry to six O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.76 Å. In the second Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–3.01 Å. In the third Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–3.04 Å. In the fourth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–3.04 Å. In the fifth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–3.00 Å. In the sixth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–3.16 Å. In the seventh Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–3.01 Å. In the eighth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–3.03 Å. In the ninth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–3.10 Å. In the tenth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.39–3.08 Å. In the eleventh Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 7-coordinate geometry to seven O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.40–2.91 Å. In the twelfth Pb2+ site, Pb2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Pb–O bond distances ranging from 2.37–3.03 Å. There are six inequivalent P5+ sites. In the first P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. In the second P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. In the third P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. In the fourth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. In the fifth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of P–O bond distances ranging from 1.55–1.57 Å. In the sixth P5+ site, P5+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form PO4 tetrahedra that share corners with three ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is one shorter (1.54 Å) and three longer (1.57 Å) P–O bond length. There are six inequivalent Te6+ sites. In the first Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ZnO4 tetrahedra. There are a spread of Te–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–1.97 Å. In the second Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ZnO4 tetrahedra. All Te–O bond lengths are 1.95 Å. In the third Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is four shorter (1.95 Å) and two longer (1.96 Å) Te–O bond length. In the fourth Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and four longer (1.96 Å) Te–O bond length. In the fifth Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ZnO4 tetrahedra. There is two shorter (1.95 Å) and four longer (1.96 Å) Te–O bond length. In the sixth Te6+ site, Te6+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form TeO6 octahedra that share corners with six ZnO4 tetrahedra. All Te–O bond lengths are 1.95 Å. There are forty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Pb2+ and one P5+ atom. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal planar geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 3-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, one Pb2+, and one Te6+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Pb2+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Pb2+ and one P5+ atom. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a single-bond geometry to three Pb2+ and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 2-coordinate geometry to one Zn2+, two Pb2+, and one P5+ atom. In the thirty-sixth O2- site, O2- is

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on ZnFe8Ni3O16 by Materials Project

Fe8Ni3ZnO16 is Spinel-derived structured and crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are sixteen inequivalent Fe3+ sites. In the first Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five NiO6 octahedra and corners with seven FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 56–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–1.99 Å. In the second Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with five NiO6 octahedra and corners with seven FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.01 Å. In the third Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO6 octahedra and corners with eight FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–1.95 Å. In the fourth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO6 octahedra and corners with eight FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 54–60°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.87–1.97 Å. In the fifth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO6 octahedra and corners with eight FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 53–61°. There is three shorter (1.91 Å) and one longer (1.94 Å) Fe–O bond length. In the sixth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form FeO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO6 octahedra and corners with eight FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 52–62°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–1.93 Å. In the seventh Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with five FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.02 Å. In the eighth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeO6 octahedra, and edges with three NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.02 Å. In the ninth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with five FeO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.06 Å. In the tenth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with five FeO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.94–2.00 Å. In the eleventh Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with five FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two FeO6 octahedra, and edges with four NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.91–2.13 Å. In the twelfth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeO6 octahedra, and edges with three NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.04 Å. In the thirteenth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeO6 octahedra, and edges with three NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.02 Å. In the fourteenth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with three FeO6 octahedra, and edges with three NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.95–2.03 Å. In the fifteenth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with six FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.01 Å. In the sixteenth Fe3+ site, Fe3+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two FeO6 octahedra, and edges with four NiO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.92–2.03 Å. There are six inequivalent Ni2+ sites. In the first Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with five FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.09 Å. In the second Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.10 Å. In the third Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.01–2.11 Å. In the fourth Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, an edgeedge with one NiO6 octahedra, and edges with five FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.08 Å. In the fifth Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with two ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with four FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.00–2.12 Å. In the sixth Ni2+ site, Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one ZnO4 tetrahedra, corners with five FeO4 tetrahedra, edges with two NiO6 octahedra, and edges with four FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Ni–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.11 Å. There are two inequivalent Zn2+ sites. In the first Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with four NiO6 octahedra and corners with eight FeO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 55–63°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.05 Å. In the second Zn2+ site, Zn2+ is bonded to four O2- atoms to form ZnO4 tetrahedra that share corners with six FeO6 octahedra and corners with six NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 57–62°. There are a spread of Zn–O bond distances ranging from 1.97–2.03 Å. There are thirty-two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe3+ atoms. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Fe3+, two Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+, one Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe3+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 trigonal pyramids that share an edgeedge with one OZnFe3 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OFe4 trigonal pyramid. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe3+ atoms. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+, one Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+, one Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the seventeenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the eighteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the nineteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted trigonal pyramidal geometry to one Fe3+, two Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the twentieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms. In the twenty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four Fe3+ atoms. In the twenty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the twenty-third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+, one Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the twenty-fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the twenty-fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to three Fe3+ and one Ni2+ atom. In the twenty-sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded to four Fe3+ atoms to form distorted OFe4 trigonal pyramids that share an edgeedge with one OZnFe3 tetrahedra and an edgeedge with one OFe4 trigonal pyramid. In the twenty-seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted rectangular see-saw-like geometry to one Fe3+, two Ni2+, and one Zn2+ atom. In the twenty-eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms. In the twenty-ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms. In the thirtieth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms. In the thirty-first O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Fe3+ and one Zn2+ atom to form distorted edge-sharing OZnFe3 tetrahedra. In the thirty-second O2- site, O2- is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to two Fe3+ and two Ni2+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Cu4SO10 by Materials Project

Cu4SO10 crystallizes in the monoclinic P2_1/c space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are four inequivalent Cu sites. In the first Cu site, Cu is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent SO4 tetrahedra, and edges with four CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 60–61°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.34 Å. In the second Cu site, Cu is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent SO4 tetrahedra, and edges with four CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–60°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.80–2.35 Å. In the third Cu site, Cu is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra, corners with two equivalent SO4 tetrahedra, and edges with four CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 58–60°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.88–2.41 Å. In the fourth Cu site, Cu is bonded to six O atoms to form distorted CuO6 octahedra that share corners with two CuO6 octahedra, a cornercorner with one SO4 tetrahedra, and edges with four CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 60–61°. There are a spread of Cu–O bond distances ranging from 1.89–2.46 Å. S is bonded to four O atoms to form SO4 tetrahedra that share corners with seven CuO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–62°. There is two shorter (1.47 Å) and two longer (1.51 Å) S–O bond length. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Cu atoms. In the second O site, O is bonded in a distorted trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cu atoms. In the third O site, O is bonded in a water-like geometry to two Cu atoms. In the fourth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to three Cu and one S atom. In the fifth O site, O is bonded in a 1-coordinate geometry to two Cu and one S atom. In the sixth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cu atoms. In the seventh O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu and one S atom. In the eighth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal non-coplanar geometry to three Cu atoms. In the ninth O site, O is bonded in a distorted bent 120 degrees geometry to one Cu and one S atom. In the tenth O site, O is bonded in a trigonal planar geometry to three Cu atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Sr6Ti3FeO14 by Materials Project

Sr6Ti3FeO14 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4mm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are six inequivalent Sr sites. In the first Sr site, Sr is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.47–2.79 Å. In the second Sr site, Sr is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.48–2.79 Å. In the third Sr site, Sr is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.52–2.79 Å. In the fourth Sr site, Sr is bonded in a 9-coordinate geometry to nine O atoms. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.49–2.79 Å. In the fifth Sr site, Sr is bonded to twelve O atoms to form SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight TiO6 octahedra. There are four shorter (2.78 Å) and eight longer (2.79 Å) Sr–O bond lengths. In the sixth Sr site, Sr is bonded to twelve O atoms to form SrO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra, faces with four equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent FeO6 octahedra. There are a spread of Sr–O bond distances ranging from 2.75–2.82 Å. There are three inequivalent Ti sites. In the first Ti site, Ti is bonded to six O atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with five TiO6 octahedra and faces with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There is five shorter (1.97 Å) and one longer (2.00 Å) Ti–O bond length. In the second Ti site, Ti is bonded to six O atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share corners with five TiO6 octahedra and faces with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–2°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.01 Å. In the third Ti site, Ti is bonded to six O atoms to form TiO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one FeO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Ti–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–2.01 Å. Fe is bonded to six O atoms to form FeO6 octahedra that share a cornercorner with one TiO6 octahedra, corners with four equivalent FeO6 octahedra, and faces with four equivalent SrO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–1°. There are a spread of Fe–O bond distances ranging from 1.96–1.98 Å. There are ten inequivalent O sites. In the first O site, O is bonded to five Sr and one Fe atom to form distorted OSr5Fe octahedra that share corners with seventeen OSr4Ti2 octahedra, edges with eight OSr5Fe octahedra, and faces with four equivalent OSr4Fe2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–54°. In the second O site, O is bonded to five Sr and one Ti atom to form distorted OSr5Ti octahedra that share corners with seventeen OSr5Ti octahedra, edges with eight OSr5Ti octahedra, and faces with four equivalent OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–55°. In the third O site, O is bonded to five Sr and one Ti atom to form distorted OSr5Ti octahedra that share corners with seventeen OSr4Ti2 octahedra, edges with eight OSr5Fe octahedra, and faces with four equivalent OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–56°. In the fourth O site, O is bonded to five Sr and one Ti atom to form distorted OSr5Ti octahedra that share corners with seventeen OSr4Ti2 octahedra, edges with eight OSr5Ti octahedra, and faces with four equivalent OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–55°. In the fifth O site, O is bonded to four Sr and two equivalent Fe atoms to form distorted OSr4Fe2 octahedra that share corners with eighteen OSr5Fe octahedra, edges with three OSr4Ti2 octahedra, and faces with eight OSr5Fe octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–60°. In the sixth O site, O is bonded to four Sr and two equivalent Ti atoms to form distorted OSr4Ti2 octahedra that share corners with eighteen OSr5Ti octahedra, edges with three OSr4Ti2 octahedra, and faces with eight OSr5Ti octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–60°. In the seventh O site, O is bonded to four Sr and two equivalent Ti atoms to form distorted OSr4Ti2 octahedra that share corners with eighteen OSr5Fe octahedra, edges with three OSr4Ti2 octahedra, and faces with eight OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–60°. In the eighth O site, O is bonded to four Sr and two equivalent Ti atoms to form distorted OSr4Ti2 octahedra that share corners with eighteen OSr5Ti octahedra, edges with three OSr4Ti2 octahedra, and faces with eight OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 1–61°. In the ninth O site, O is bonded to four equivalent Sr and two Ti atoms to form distorted OSr4Ti2 octahedra that share corners with twenty-two OSr5Ti octahedra, edges with four equivalent OSr4Ti2 octahedra, and faces with eight OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–60°. In the tenth O site, O is bonded to four equivalent Sr, one Ti, and one Fe atom to form distorted OSr4TiFe octahedra that share corners with twenty-two OSr5Fe octahedra, edges with four equivalent OSr4TiFe octahedra, and faces with eight OSr4Ti2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 0–61°.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on Na3Cd(RhO2)8 by Materials Project

Na3Cd(RhO2)8 crystallizes in the monoclinic Pm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. there are three inequivalent Na1+ sites. In the first Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.64 Å. In the second Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.55 Å. In the third Na1+ site, Na1+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Na–O bond distances ranging from 2.41–2.58 Å. There are eight inequivalent Rh+3.38+ sites. In the first Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–59°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.07 Å. In the second Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–59°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.02–2.12 Å. In the third Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–60°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.11 Å. In the fourth Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–60°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.04–2.07 Å. In the fifth Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–60°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.10 Å. In the sixth Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–60°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.05–2.12 Å. In the seventh Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–59°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.07 Å. In the eighth Rh+3.38+ site, Rh+3.38+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form a mixture of edge and corner-sharing RhO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 50–59°. There are a spread of Rh–O bond distances ranging from 2.03–2.07 Å. Cd2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are a spread of Cd–O bond distances ranging from 2.42–2.50 Å. There are sixteen inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Na1+, three Rh+3.38+, and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, corners with four ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three ONa2Rh3 square pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Na1+, three Rh+3.38+, and one Cd2+ atom to form distorted ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids that share corners with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, corners with four ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, and edges with three ONa2Rh3 square pyramids. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ONa2Rh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the fourth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing ONa2Rh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the fifth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms. In the sixth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms. In the seventh O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Rh+3.38+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. In the eighth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms. In the ninth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms to form distorted ONa2Rh3 square pyramids that share corners with four ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, and edges with three ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the tenth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms to form distorted ONa2Rh3 square pyramids that share corners with four ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, and edges with three ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the eleventh O2- site, O2- is bonded to three Rh+3.38+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms to form distorted OCd2Rh3 square pyramids that share corners with four ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, and edges with three ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the twelfth O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms to form distorted ONa2Rh3 square pyramids that share corners with four ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids, edges with four ONa2Rh3 square pyramids, and edges with three ONaCdRh3 trigonal bipyramids. In the thirteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms. In the fourteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms. In the fifteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to three Rh+3.38+ and two equivalent Cd2+ atoms. In the sixteenth O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 5-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Na1+ and three Rh+3.38+ atoms.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2020

Materials Data on MgTi2NiO6 by Materials Project

MgTi2NiO6 is Ilmenite-derived structured and crystallizes in the trigonal R3 space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Mg2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted MgO6 octahedra that share corners with nine TiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent NiO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–60°. There are three shorter (2.06 Å) and three longer (2.17 Å) Mg–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent Ti4+ sites. In the first Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent NiO6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent MgO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one NiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 46–60°. There are three shorter (1.87 Å) and three longer (2.13 Å) Ti–O bond lengths. In the second Ti4+ site, Ti4+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form distorted TiO6 octahedra that share corners with three equivalent MgO6 octahedra, corners with six equivalent NiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent TiO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one MgO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–60°. There are three shorter (1.88 Å) and three longer (2.12 Å) Ti–O bond lengths. Ni2+ is bonded to six O2- atoms to form NiO6 octahedra that share corners with nine TiO6 octahedra, edges with three equivalent MgO6 octahedra, and a faceface with one TiO6 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedra tilt angles range from 45–60°. There are three shorter (2.08 Å) and three longer (2.14 Å) Ni–O bond lengths. There are two inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Mg2+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OMgTi2Ni trigonal pyramids. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to one Mg2+, two Ti4+, and one Ni2+ atom to form a mixture of distorted corner and edge-sharing OMgTi2Ni trigonal pyramids.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2021

Effect of thermal aging and irradiation on microstructure and crack growth response of Alloy 690

Nickel-base Alloy 690 and the associated weld Alloys 52 and 152 are typically used for nozzle penetrations in replacement heads for pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels, because of their excellent overall resistance to general corrosion and environmental degradation, primarily stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, many of the existing PWRs reactors are expected to operate for 40-80 years. Likewise, advanced water-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) will use Ni-Cr alloys and are expected to receive initial operating licenses for 60 years. Hence, the thermal stability of Ni-Cr alloys is a potential concern for the long-term performance of both existing and advanced nuclear plants, and possibly spent fuel storage containers. The objective of this research is to understand the microstructural changes occurring in high-Cr, Ni-based Alloy 690 during long time exposure to the reactor operating temperatures, and the effect of these changes on the service performance. One area of particular concern is the potential for long range ordering (LRO), i.e. formation of the intermetallic Ni 2 Cr phase under prolonged exposure to reactor temperatures and/or irradiation, which can increase strength, decrease ductility, and cause dimensional changes or lead to in-service embrittlement of components made with these alloys. Hence, this research focused on the microstructural evolution and the SCC response of Alloy 690 under accelerated thermal aging and irradiation conditions. The materials studied involved Alloy 690 from two sources: (i) Alloy 690 plate from an Alloy 152 dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joining the Alloy 690 plate to Alloy 533 LAS, aged at three different temperatures (370°C, 400°C and 450°C) for up to 75,000h (equivalent to 60 years of service), and (ii) specimens neutron-irradiated in the BOR-60 reactor up to 40 dpa. For aged Alloy 690 specimens, hardness was found to increase with aging time, however, the microstructural characterization by means of synchrotron X-ray did not find evidence of LRO. The microstructural characterization of neutron-irradiated specimens by TEM found no evidence of LRO either. Testing in a primary water environment of Alloy 690 specimens aged to a 60-year service equivalent revealed a fatigue and corrosion fatigue crack growth responses similar to those measured on the un-aged alloy. The SCC CGR response was also low. Overall, the two Alloy 690 heats investigated in this work, aged up to 60-year service equivalents or exposed to neutron irradiation up to 40 dpa, did not exhibit a deterioration in microstructure or performance.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2022

Effect of thermal aging on microstructure and crack growth response of Alloy 152 weld

Nickel-based Alloy 690 and the associated weld Alloys 52 and 152 are typically used for nozzle penetrations in replacement heads for pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels, because of their excellent overall resistance to general corrosion and environmental degradation, primarily stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, many of the existing PWRs are expected to operate for 40-80 years. Likewise, advanced water-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) will use Ni-Cr alloys and are expected to receive initial operating licenses for 60 years. Hence, the thermal stability of Ni-Cr alloys is a potential concern for the long-term performance of both existing and advanced nuclear power plants, and possibly spent fuel storage containers. The objective of this research is to understand the microstructural changes occurring in high-Cr, Ni-based Alloy 152 weldments during long time exposure to the reactor operating temperatures, and the effect of these changes on the service performance. One area of particular concern is the potential for long range ordering (LRO), i.e. formation of the intermetallic Ni2Cr phase under prolonged exposure to reactor temperatures and/or irradiation, which can increase strength, decrease ductility, and cause dimensional changes or lead to in-service embrittlement of components made with these alloys. Hence, this research focused on the microstructural evolution and the SCC response of Alloy 152 under accelerated thermal aging. The materials studied involved three heats of Alloy 152 used to produce a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joining an Alloy 690 plate to an Alloy 533 low alloy steel (LAS) plate, thermally aged at three different temperatures (370°C, 400°C and 450°C) for up to 75,000h (equivalent to 60 years of service). The microstructural characterization by means of synchrotron X-ray did not find evidence of LRO in any of the three heats aged to an equivalent of 60 years of service. Testing in a primary water environment of a heat of Alloy 152 aged at 370°C to a 60-year service equivalent revealed a fatigue and corrosion fatigue crack growth responses similar to those measured on the un-aged alloy. However, the SCC CGR response of the aged sample appears to show a deterioration in performance.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2023

Effect of thermal aging on microstructure and stress corrosion cracking behavior of Alloy 152 weldment

Nickel-based Alloy 690 and the associated weld Alloys 52 and 152 are typically used for nozzle penetrations in replacement heads for pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels, because of their excellent overall resistance to general corrosion and environmental degradation, primarily stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, many of the existing PWRs are expected to operate for 40-80 years. Likewise, water-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) will use Ni-Cr alloys and are expected to receive initial operating licenses for 60 years. Hence, the thermal stability of Ni-Cr alloys is a potential concern for the long-term performance of both existing and advanced nuclear power plants, and possibly spent fuel storage containers. The objective of this research is to understand the microstructural changes occurring in high-Cr, Ni-based Alloy 152 weldments during long time exposure to the reactor operating temperatures, and the effect of these changes on the service performance. One area of particular concern is the potential for long range ordering (LRO), i.e. formation of the intermetallic Ni2Cr phase under prolonged exposure to reactor temperatures and/or irradiation, which can increase strength, decrease ductility, and cause dimensional changes or lead to in-service embrittlement of components made with these alloys. Hence, this research focused on the microstructural evolution and the SCC response of Alloy 152 under accelerated thermal aging. The materials studied involved three heats of Alloy 152 used to produce a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joining an Alloy 690 plate to an Alloy 533 low alloy steel (LAS) plate, thermally aged at three different temperatures (370°C, 400°C and 450°C) for up to 75,000h (equivalent to 60 years of service). The microstructural characterization by means of synchrotron X-ray conducted in small, 0.2 mm - step line scans in the high-deformation regions of the weld root – covering areas spanning from the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) in Alloy 690 to the weld and weld butter on LAS - did not show evidence of LRO in any of the three Alloy 152 heats aged to an equivalent of 60 years of service. Testing in a primary water environment of two heats of Alloy 152 aged at 370°C to a 60-year service equivalent revealed a fatigue and corrosion fatigue crack growth responses similar to those measured on the un-aged alloys. However, the SCC CGR response of the aged samples appears to show a deterioration in performance, confirming our previous observation.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2024

Effect of Thermal Aging on Microstructure and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of an Alloy 152 1st Layer Butter Weldment

Nickel-based Alloy 690 and the associated weld Alloys 52 and 152 are typically used for nozzle penetrations in replacement heads for pressurized water reactor (PWR) vessels, because of their excellent overall resistance to general corrosion and environmental degradation, primarily stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, many of the existing PWRs are expected to operate for 40- 80 years. Likewise, water-cooled small modular reactors (SMRs) will use Ni-Cr alloys and are expected to receive initial operating licenses for 60 years. Hence, the thermal stability of Ni-Cr alloys is critical for the long-term performance of both existing and advanced nuclear power plants, and possibly spent fuel storage containers. The objective of this research is to understand the microstructural changes occurring in high-Cr, Ni-based Alloy 152 weldments during long time exposure to the reactor operating temperatures, and the effect of these changes on the service performance. One area of particular concern is the potential for long range ordering (LRO), i.e. formation of the intermetallic Ni2Cr phase under prolonged exposure to reactor temperatures and/or irradiation, which can increase strength, decrease ductility, and cause dimensional changes or lead to in-service embrittlement of components made with these alloys. Hence, this research focused on the microstructural evolution and the SCC response of Alloy 152 under accelerated thermal aging. The materials studied involved three heats of Alloy 152 used to produce a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) joining an Alloy 690 plate to an Alloy 533 low alloy steel (LAS) plate, thermally aged at three different temperatures (370°C, 400°C and 450°C) for different durations up to 75,000h (equivalent to 60 years of reactor service). The microstructural characterization by means of synchrotron X-ray conducted in small, 0.2 mm - step line scans in the high-deformation regions of the weld root – covering areas spanning from the weld heat affected zone (HAZ) in Alloy 690 to the weld and weld butter on LAS - did not show evidence of LRO in any of the three Alloy 152 heats aged at 370°C and 450°C to an equivalent of 60 years of service. However, the first weld butter layer has high levels of deformation and is highly susceptible to SCC even in its non-aged condition. Nanohardness testing confirmed the extreme hardening with aging (ΔHV ≅ 100) at two locations within this weldment. In absence of LRO, hardening is suspected to be due to thermally-induced Cr carbide precipitation and coarsening. Testing in a primary water environment of the 1st layer of Alloy 152 weld butter aged at 370°C to a 60-year service equivalent revealed a fatigue and corrosion fatigue crack growth responses similar to those measured on the un-aged alloys. Similarly, the SCC CGR response of the aged weld butter does not appear to show a deterioration in performance, however, the difficult-to-test weldment geometry may affect the test results.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗

DOE OSTI2024

Evaluation of Clamshell Current Coupler for Online Frequency Domain and Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry to Detect Anomalies in Energized Cables

This document describes adaptation and evaluation of a clamshell inductive current coupler for online reflectometry testing (both frequency domain reflectometry and spread spectrum time domain reflectometry) to evaluate cable insulation degradation and anomalies. Safety-critical nuclear power plant cables were initially qualified for 40 years. However, as plants extend their operating licenses to 60 and 80 years, justification for continued safe operation includes test and monitoring programs. These will become more important as the industry moves to condition based qualification programs. Cable test programs traditionally involve manual interventions to disconnect cables, perform one or several tests, then reconnect the systems, usually during refueling outages occurring only every 18 to 24 months. This poses an operational burden that can be minimized by online testing or periodic connection to a coupler that may remain on the cable of interest or be clamped onto the cable without de-termination. This work investigates the adaptation of a clamshell inductive current coupler for either frequency domain reflectometry or spread-spectrum time domain reflectometry. The reflectometry test instrument injects a broad-band chirp or pseudo-noise signal onto a cable conductor and monitors for a reflected signal indicative of an impedance change caused by a damage condition. The instrument maximum input signal levels are typically 10 to 30 volts or less and the instruments will be damaged if subjected to 60 Hz power line voltages of 110, 220, or 480 VAC. One commercial spread-spectrum time domain reflectometry system has circuitry suitable for voltages up to 1 kV, but typical reflectometry tests are performed on de-energized cables. The clamshell inductive coupler provides >60 dB of 60 Hz attenuation with less than 10 dB loss in the 1-500 MHz test bandwidth of interest. An energized cable was successfully tested up to 6.7 kVp-p and frequency response plots imply that the tests could be extended to 10 kV or higher energized levels.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗

DOE OSTI2022

How much have adverse occupational health outcomes among construction workers improved over time? Evidence from 25 years of medical screening

Background Construction workers have always had a high risk of occupational illnesses. We used 25 years of data from a medical screening program serving older construction workers to determine how much health outcomes have improved over the past 60 years. Methods We investigated changes in relative risk for chest radiographs consistent with pneumoconiosis, COPD by spirometry, lung cancer mortality, and audiometry-assessed hearing impairment among workers participating in a medical screening program. Results were stratified by decade of first construction employment: before 1960, 1960–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, and after 1990. Poisson and Cox regression analyses assessed relative risk by decade adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and years of construction trade work. Results Subjects were 94% male and, on average, 60 years old with 25 years of construction work. When compared to workers employed before 1960, those first employed after 1990 experienced the following reductions in model-adjusted relative risks: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 32%; all pneumoconiosis, 68%; parenchymal abnormalities, 35%; pleural abnormalities, 71%; hearing impairment, 20%; and lung cancer mortality, 48%. Risks started to decline in the 1960s with greatest reductions among workers first employed after 1970. Conclusions This study demonstrates the positive impact that adoption of occupational health protections have had over the past 60 years. The greatest risk reductions were observed for outcomes with strong regulatory and legal incentives to reduce exposures and associated risks, such as those associated with inhalation hazards (asbestos and silica), while lowest improvement was for hearing impairment, for which little regulatory enforcement and few prevention incentives have been adopted.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Soil fertility management for sustainable Miscanthus × giganteus production: Increased tiller weight from nitrogen management explains yield gains in aged miscanthus

Aging-related yield decline in Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus) remains a major constraint to sustainable biomass production. This study evaluated how nitrogen (N) management and soil fertility influence yield-component traits and productivity in aging miscanthus. Trials were conducted at two sites established in 2008 at the University of Illinois Energy Farm, Urbana, IL. (i) The Sun Grant trial received 0, 60, and 120 kg N ha −1 annually until 2015. Starting 2021, half of each plot received 60 or 120 kg N ha −1 , resulting in six legacy-contemporary treatments: 0N–0N, 0N–120N, 60N–0N, 60N–60N, 120N–0N, 120N–120N. (ii) The Energy Farm trial remained unfertilized until 2014, when one half of each plot received 56 kg N ha −1 , forming two treatments: 0N–0N, 0N–56N. Sun Grant trial results showed N fertilization increased tiller density (tillers m −2 ) and tiller weight (g tiller −1 ) in juvenile to early-mature miscanthus (2011–2015). After N withdrawal, both traits declined (20 % and 40 %), though legacy effects persisted in tiller weight in the aging stands (2020–2023). Contemporary N had little effect on tiller density but increased tiller weight by 34 %–77 %, resulting in 23 %–106 % higher machine-harvested biomass yield in 0–120N, 60-60N, and 120-120N plots. At the Energy Farm trial, 0N–56N plots yielded 59 %–108 % more biomass than 0N–0N. Soil total N increased (Sun Grant: 47 % by 2020; Energy Farm: 58 % by 2023), while Mehlich-3 P (42 %–44 %) and K (21 %–46 %) declined. These findings identify tiller weight as a key determinant of biomass yield in aging miscanthus and highlight the need for P and K management for long-term productivity.

09 BIOMASS FUELS↗

DOE OSTI2026

Improvements to In-Canal Assay of High Specific Activity 60Co at the ATR

Improvements to the quality of measurements in the assaying of High Specific Activity (HSA) cobalt 60 produced at the Advanced Test Reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory are presented. Such assays are conducted regularly between cycles at the ATR, and due to the radiological safety concerns, they are performed within the ATR canal. A standard ion chamber detector was placed in a collimated assay tube within the canal. Another tube, parallel to the detector, was used to position various cobalt 60 standards and targets. The collimated port between these tubes allows for the targets to be pulled across via a winch system. Previous measurements were performed at discrete 1.5-inch steps using a hand-cranked winch system. Charge was collected and integrated for 10 seconds at each discrete step during a scan. Two substantial improvements to the assay include an electronically controlled, motor-driven winch system and a software controlled continuous charge collection. Combined, these changes improved the quality of measurements as well as streamline the assay process. Further examination of these charge profiles indicated a reasonable amount of photon scattering, or shine, before a line-of-sight is established. This created inaccuracies in the reported activity of the cobalt targets. A series of MCNP-6.3 calculations were performed in an effort to quantify and correct for this shine effect. The results of the calculations and how they were employed to a create shine correction factor for the in-canal cobalt assay at the ATR are presented. The overall bias showed an overestimation of the HSA cobalt 60 activity by around 7-8%.

07 - ISOTOPES AND RADIATION SOURCES↗