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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2024

Loss cone effects and monotonic sheath conditions of a partially magnetized plasma sheath

In this Letter, we propose the conditions for monotonic plasma sheaths adjacent to a floating wall in the presence of an applied, oblique magnetic field. The electron velocity distribution function (VDF) at the sheath edge obtained from a kinetic model exhibits a loss cone shaped truncation. Using an approximation of the truncated VDF, we derive an analytical framework of the sheath edge condition (i.e., Bohm condition), namely, the relation of ion injection velocity and sheath potential drop as a function of the magnetic field angle. The results show that the sheath edge velocity and total potential drop decrease for a steady-state sheath, which eventually collapses when the magnetic field lines become parallel to the wall.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2024

Non-equilibrium rate theory for polariton relaxation dynamics

We derive an analytic expression of the non-equilibrium Fermi’s golden rule (NE-FGR) expression for a Holstein–Tavis–Cumming Hamiltonian, a universal model for many molecules collectively coupled to the optical cavity. These NE-FGR expressions capture the full-time-dependent behavior of the rate constant for transitions from polariton states to dark states. The rate is shown to be reduced to the well-known frequency domain-based equilibrium Fermi’s golden rule (E-FGR) expression in the equilibrium and collective limit and is shown to retain the same scaling with the number of sites in non-equilibrium and non-collective cases. We use these NE-FGR to perform population dynamics with a time-non-local and time-local quantum master equation and obtain accurate population dynamics from the initially occupied upper or lower polariton states. Furthermore, NE-FGR significantly improves the accuracy of the population dynamics when starting from the lower polariton compared to the E-FGR theory, highlighting the importance of the non-Markovian behavior and the short-time transient behavior in the transition rate constant.

Chemical dynamics↗
DOE OSTI2022

Resonant wave–filament interactions as a loss mechanism for HHFW heating and current drive

Abstract Perkins et al (2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 045001) reported unexpected power losses during high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating and current drive in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). Recently, Tierens et al (2020 Phys. Plasmas 27 010702) proposed that these losses may be attributable to surface waves on field-aligned plasma filaments, which carry power along the filaments, to be lost at the endpoints where the filaments intersect the limiters. In this work, we show that there is indeed a resonant loss mechanism associated with the excitation of these surface waves, and derive an analytic expression for the power lost to surface wave modes at each filament.

Tierens, W. (ORCID:0000000269798140)↗
DOE OSTI2024

Influences of δB contribution and parallel inertial term of energetic particles on MHD-kinetic hybrid simulations: a case study of the 1/1 internal kink mode

The magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic (MHD-kinetic) hybrid model (Park et al 1992 Phys. Fluids B 4 2033–7) has been widely applied in studying energetic particles (EPs) problems in fusion plasmas for past decades. The pressure-coupling scheme or the current-coupling scheme is adopted in this model. However, two noteworthy issues arise in the model application: firstly, the coupled term introduced in the pressure-coupling scheme, (∇•P h ) ⟂ , is often simplified by ∇•P h , which is equivalent to neglecting the parallel inertial term of EPs; secondly, besides the $δf$ contribution caused by changing in the EP distribution function, the magnetic field perturbation (the $δB$ contribution) generated during development of the instabilities should also be considered, but it is often ignored in existing hybrid simulations. In this paper, we derive the analytical formulations under these two coupling schemes and then numerically study the representative case of the linear stability of the $m/n$ = $1/1$ internal kink mode (IKM) (Fu et al 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 052517) by using the CLT-K code. Further, it is found that the approximated models can still yield reasonable results when EPs are isotopically distributed. But it fails completely in cases with anisotropic EP distributions. In addition, we further investigate the influence of EP's orbit width on the stability of IKM and verify the equivalence between pressure-coupling scheme and the current-coupling scheme.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

Predicted strong coupling of solid-state spins via a single magnon mode

Abstract We propose an approach to realize a hybrid quantum system composed of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center spin coupled to a magnon mode of the low-damping, low-moment organic ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene. We derive an analytical expression for the spin-magnon cooperativity as a function of NV position under a micron-scale perpendicularly magnetized disk, and show that, surprisingly, the cooperativity will be higher using this magnetic material than in more conventional materials with larger magnetic moments, due to in part to the reduced demagnetization field. For reasonable experimental parameters, we predict that the spin-magnon-mode coupling strength is g ∼ 2π×10 kHz. For isotopically pure 12 C diamond we predict strong coupling of an NV spin to the unoccupied magnon mode, with cooperativity C λ = 15 for a wide range of NV spin locations within the diamond, well within the spatial precision of NV center implantation. Thus our proposal describes a practical pathway for single-spin-state-to-single-magnon-occupancy transduction and for entangling NV centers over micron length scales.

Candido, Denis R. (ORCID:0000000267083280)↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dissipation-assisted steady-state entanglement engineering based on electron transfer models

Here, we propose a series of dissipation-assisted entanglement generation protocols that can be implemented on a trapped-ion quantum simulator. Our approach builds on the single-site molecular electron transfer (ET) model recently realized in experiment [So et al., Sci. Adv. 10, eads8011 (2024)]. This model leverages spin-dependent boson displacement and dissipation controlled by sympathetic cooling. We show that, when coupled to external degrees of freedom, the ET model can be used as a dissipative quantum control mechanism, enabling the precise tailoring of both spin and boson steady states of a target subsystem. We derive simplified analytical formalisms that offer intuitive insights into the dissipative dynamics. Using realistic interactions in a trapped-ion system, we develop a protocol for generating 𝑁-qubit and 𝑁-boson 𝑊 states. Additionally, we generalize this protocol to realize generic 𝑁-qubit Dicke states with tunable excitation numbers. Finally, we outline a realistic experimental setup to implement our schemes in the presence of noise sources.

chemical charge transfer↗
DOE OSTI2026

Floquet operator dynamics and orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle

Operator spreading under stroboscopic time evolution under a unitary is studied. An operator Krylov space is constructed and mapped to orthogonal polynomials on a unit circle (OPUC), as well as to the Krylov space of the edge operator of the Floquet transverse field Ising model with inhomogeneous couplings (ITFIM). The Verblunsky coefficients in the OPUC representation are related to the Krylov angles parametrizing the ITFIM. The relations between the OPUC and spectral functions are summarized and several applications are presented. These include derivation of analytic expressions for the OPUC under persistent m-periodic dynamics, and the numerical construction of the OPUC for autocorrelations of the homogeneous Floquet-Ising model as well as the Z 3 clock model. The numerically obtained Krylov angles of the Z 3 clock model with long-lived period tripled autocorrelations show a spatial periodicity of six, and this observation is used to develop an analytically solvable model for the ITFIM that mimics this behavior.

Floquet systems↗
DOE OSTI2025

Dissipative Phase Transition in the Two-Photon Dicke Model

We explore the dissipative phase transition of the two-photon Dicke model, a topic that has garnered significant attention recently. Our analysis reveals that while single-photon loss does not stabilize the intrinsic instability in the model, the inclusion of two-photon loss restores stability, leading to the emergence of superradiant states, which coexist with the normal vacuum states. Using a second-order cumulant expansion for the photons, we derive an analytical description of the system in the thermodynamic limit, which agrees well with the exact calculation results. Additionally, we present the Wigner function for the system, shedding light on the breaking of the 𝑍4 symmetry inherent in the model. These findings offer valuable insights into stabilization mechanisms in open quantum systems and pave the way for exploring complex nonlinear dynamics in two-photon Dicke models.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2023

Scissors modes of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a synthetic magnetic field

We study the scissors modes of a harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate under the influence of a synthetic magnetic field, which induces rigid rotational components in the velocity field. Our investigation reveals that the scissors mode, excited in the plane perpendicular to the synthetic magnetic field, becomes coupled to the quadrupole modes of the condensate, giving rise to typical beating effects. Moreover, the two scissors modes excited in the vertical planes are also coupled together by the synthetic magnetic field, resulting in intriguing gyroscope dynamics. Our analytical results, derived from a spinor hydrodynamic theory, are further validated through numerical simulations of the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. These predictions for the condensates subject to a synthetic magnetic field are experimentally accessible with current cold-atom setups and hold promise for potential applications in quantum sensing.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗
DOE OSTI2022

Optical Response of Periodic Arrays of Graphene Nanodisks

Doped graphene nanostructures are a promising platform for photonics due to their exceptionally strong and tunable plasmonic resonances. When placed in a periodic array configuration, the plasmons supported by the individual nanostructures interact with each other and, under the appropriate conditions, can give rise to a collective mode known as a lattice resonance. Here, for this study, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the response of periodic arrays of graphene nanodisks and identify the conditions under which the system is able to support lattice resonances. We find that the ratio between the period of the array and the wavelength of the plasmon completely determines the behavior of the system. As a consequence, strong lattice resonances are achieved for micron-size nanodisks in the terahertz regime. We develop a theoretical model valid beyond the electrostatic approximation and use it to derive closed analytical expressions for the strength, the wavelength, and the width of the optical resonance of the arrays. The theoretical framework developed in this work paves the way for facile design and discovery of emerging properties of periodic arrays of graphene nanostructures that could enable applications in photonics and plasmonics.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Magnetic photocurrents in multifold Weyl fermions

Here, we examine the magneto-optical response of chiral multifold fermions. Specifically, we show that they are ideal candidates for observing the helical magnetic effect (HME) previously predicted for simple Weyl fermions. Unlike Weyl fermions, the HME is present in multifold fermions even in the simplest case where the low-energy dispersion is linear and spherically symmetric. In this ideal case, we derive an analytical expression for the HME and find it is proportional to the circular photogalvanic effect; for realistic parameters and accounting for the geometry of the setup, the HME photocurrent could be roughly the same order of magnitude as the circular photogalvanic effect observed in multifold fermions. Additional nonlinear and symmetry-breaking terms will ruin the quantization but not hurt the observation of the HME.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2024

Quantum order by disorder in frustrated spin nanotubes

Here we investigate quantum order by disorder in a frustrated spin nanotube formed by wrapping a J1–J2 Heisenberg model at 45° around a cylinder. Using Schwinger boson theory and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), we have computed the ground-state phase diagram to reveal a Z2 phase in which collinear spin stripes form a right- or left-handed helix around the nanotube. We have derived an analytic estimate for the critical η c = J 1 /2J 2 of the Z 2 -helical phase transition, which is in agreement with the DMRG results. By evaluating the entanglement spectrum and nonlocal string order parameters we discuss the topology of the Z 2 -helical phase.

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND↗
DOE OSTI2021

Cosmological evolution of ultralight axionlike scalar fields

In this paper, we examine the cosmological evolution of ultralight axionlike (ULA) scalar fields with potentials of the form V(Φ)=m 2 f 2 [1–cos(Φ/f)] n , with particular emphasis on the deviation in their behavior from the corresponding small–Φ power-law approximations to these potentials: V(Φ)∝Φ 2n . We show that in the slow-roll regime, when Φ ˙2 /2 $\ll$ V(Φ), the full ULA potentials yield a more interesting range of possibilities for quintessence than do the corresponding power law approximations. For rapidly oscillating scalar fields, we derive the equation of state parameter and oscillation frequency for the ULA potentials and show how they deviate from the corresponding power-law values. We derive an analytic expression for the equation of state parameter that better approximates the ULA value than does the pure power-law approximation.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
DOE OSTI2022

Exact general solutions for cosmological scalar field evolution in a background-dominated expansion

We derive exact general solutions (as opposed to attractor particular solutions) and corresponding first integrals for the evolution of a scalar field $\phi$ in a universe dominated by a background fluid with equation of state parameter wB. In addition to the previously examined linear [V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$] and quadratic [V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$ 2 ] potentials, we show that exact solutions exist for the power-law potential V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$ n with n=4(1+w B )/(1-w B )+2 and n=2(1+w B )/(1-w B ). These correspond to the potentials V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$ 6 and V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$ 2 for matter domination and V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$ 10 and V($\phi$)=V 0 $\phi$ 4 for radiation domination. The $\phi$ 6 and $\phi$ 10 potentials can yield either oscillatory or nonoscillatory evolution, and we use the first integrals to determine how the initial conditions map onto each form of evolution. The exponential potential yields an exact solution for a stiff/kination (w B =1) background. We use this exact solution to derive an analytic expression for the evolution of the equation of state parameter, $w_\phi$, for this case.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

Widespread Negative Longitudinal Piezoelectric Responses in Ferroelectric Crystals with Layered Structures

In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of the universal negative piezoelectricity in low-dimensional layered materials by carrying out first-principles calculations. Two-dimensional layered ferroelectric CuInP 2 S 6 is analyzed in detail as a typical example, but the theory can be applied to any other low-dimensional layered piezoelectrics. Consistent with the theory proposed in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 207601 (2017), the anomalous negative piezoelectricity in CuInP 2 S 6 also results from its negative clamped-ion term, which cannot be compensated by the positive internal-strain part. Here, we focus on a more general rule by proposing that having a negative clamped-ion term should be universal among piezoelectric materials, which is attributed to the “lag of Wannier center” effect. The internal-strain term, which is the change in polarization due to structural relaxation in response to strain, is mostly determined by the spatial structure and chemical bonding of the material. In a low-dimensional layered piezoelectric material such as CuInP 2 S 6 , the internal-strain term is approximately zero. This is because the internal structure of the molecular layers, which are bonded by the weak van der Waals interaction, responds little to the strain. As a result, the magnitude of the dipole, which depends strongly on the dimension and structure of the molecular layer, also has a small response with respect to strain. An equation bridging the internal strain responses in low-dimensional and three-dimensional piezoelectrics is also derived to analytically express this point. This work aims to deepen our understanding about this anomalous piezoelectric effect, especially in low-dimensional layered materials, and provide strategies for discovering materials with novel electromechanical properties.

2-dimensional systems↗
DOE OSTI2022

Mass Changes the Diffusion Coefficient of Particles with Ligand-Receptor Contacts in the Overdamped Limit

Inertia does not generally affect the long-time diffusion of passive overdamped particles in fluids. Yet a model starting from the Langevin equation predicts a surprising property of particles coated with ligands that bind reversibly to surface receptors: heavy particles diffuse more slowly than light ones of the same size. We show this by simulation and by deriving an analytic formula for the mass-dependent diffusion coefficient in the overdamped limit. We estimate the magnitude of this effect for a range of biophysical ligand-receptor systems, and find it is potentially observable for tailored micronscale DNA-coated colloids.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2020

Statistical mechanics of kinks on a gliding screw dislocation

The ability of a body-centered-cubic metal to deform plastically is limited by the thermally activated glide motion of screw dislocations, which are line defects with a mobility exhibiting complex dependence on temperature, stress, and dislocation segment length. We derive an analytical expression for the velocity of dislocation glide, based on a statistical mechanics argument, and identify an apparent phase transition marked by a crossover temperature above which the activation energy for glide effectively halves, changing from the formation energy of a double kink to that of a single kink. The analysis is in quantitative agreement with direct kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2025

Modification of the Jet Energy-Energy Correlator in Cold Nuclear Matter

We compute medium corrections to the energy-energy correlator (EEC) for jets in electron-nucleus collisions at leading order in the QCD coupling and the interaction of the jet with the medium. We derive an analytical expression for the modification of the EEC as a function of the opening angle and show that the modification is strongest at large angles within the jet cone. We obtain explicit results for the dependence of the modification on the jet energy, the scattering power of cold nuclear matter, and the path length within the medium. We extend our calculations to gluon jets in proton-nucleus collisions and compare our results with recent preliminary data for proton-lead collisions at the LHC. Here, we also discuss the role of comovers on the EEC in p + Pb collisions.

Hard scattering↗