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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1975

Large area extreme ultraviolet focusing collector

A grazing incidence one-dimensional focusing collector for use in the extreme ultraviolet is described. The collector has a field of view of 1 x 50 deg, a focal length of 3015 cm, and a total unobstructed area of 224 sq cm. The instrument employs an interchangeable detector package of either channel-electron multipliers or proportional counters which yield a limiting sensitivity of 1.0 photons/sq cm sec A at 170 A and 0.05 photons/sq cm sec A at 90 A, respectively, for one second integrations. The design and calibration of the instrument are described in detail. Data obtained by this instrument during recent rocket flights are presented.

Henry, P.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Low work function silicon collector for thermionic converters

To improve the efficiency of present thermionic converters, single crystal silicon was investigated as a low work function collector material. The experiments were conducted in a test vehicle which resembled an actual thermionic converter. Work function as low as 1.0eV was obtained with an n-type silicon. The stabilities of the activated surfaces at elevated temperatures were tested by raising the collector temperature up to 829 K. By increasing the Cs arrival rate, it was possible to restore the originally activated low work function of the surface at elevated surface temperatures. These results, plotted in the form of Rasor-Warner curve, show a behavior similar to that of metal electrode except that the minimum work function was much lower with silicon than with metals.

Chang, K. H.↗
NASA NTRS1976

The transient thermal response of a tubular solar collector

A special analytical solution is provided for the timewise response of the circulating fluid temperatures when a sudden step change of the input solar radiation is imposed and remains constant thereafter. An example which demonstrates the transient temperatures at the exit section of a single collector with two different flow patterns is presented. This study is used to supplement some numerical solutions to provide a fairly complete coverage for this type of solar collector.

Lansing, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Dynamic modeling for evaluation of solar collector performance

Dynamic modeling is being developed to provide a tool for systematic analysis of performance characteristics in energy systems where time-dependent behavior is important. A dynamic model program designed to aid in the understanding of solar collector behavior over the full range of operating conditions was constructed and tested in the evaluation of a conceptual collector design.

Hamilton, C. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Design and performance evaluation of small, two- and four-stage depressed collectors for a 4.8 to 9.6 GHz high-performance traveling wave tube

A program to improve the efficiency of traveling wave tubes (TWT's) for use in electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems by applying multistage depressed collector (MDC) and spent beam refocusing techniques is studied. Three dimensional electron trajectories are computed through-out the slow wave structure of the TWT, the spent beam refocuser, and the depressed collector. Both TWT and MDC performances are analytically evaluated.

Ramins, P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Modular test system for solar collectors

Portable, recirculating-water-flow, and temperature-control device is used with solar simulator and actual sunlight to test and evaluate several solar-collector panel coatings, panel designs, and scaled-down collector subsystems. System can be pressurized to prevent boiling and allows operation above 100 degrees Centigrade.

Dolan, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Direct-heating solar-collector dump valve

Five-port ganged valve isolates collector from primary load system pressure and drains collectors, allowing use of direct heating with all its advantages. Valve is opened and closed by same switch that controls pump or by temperature sensor set at O C, while providing direct dump option.

Howikman, T. C.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Two-axis movable concentrating solar energy collector

Proposed solar-tracker collector assembly with boiler in fixed position, allows use of hard line connections, capable of withstanding optimum high temperature fluid flow. System thereby eliminates need for flexible or slip connection previously used with solar collector systems.

Perkins, G. S.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A two-dimensional finite difference solution for the transient thermal behavior of tubular solar collector

A numerical procedure was established using the finite-difference technique in the determination of the time-varying temperature distribution of a tubular solar collector under changing solar radiancy and ambient temperature. Three types of spatial discretization processes were considered and compared for their accuracy of computations and for selection of the shortest computer time and cost. The stability criteria of this technique was analyzed in detail to give the critical time increment to ensure stable computations. The results of the numerical analysis were in good agreement with the analytical solution previously reported. The numerical method proved to be a powerful tool in the investigation of the collector sensitivity to two different flow patterns and several flow control mechanisms.

Lansing, F. L.↗
NASA NTRS1976

A performance evaluation of various coatings, substrate materials, and solar collector systems

An experimental apparatus was constructed and utilized in conjunction with both a solar simulator and actual sunlight to test and evaluate various solar panel coatings, panel designs, and scaled-down collector subsystems. Data were taken by an automatic digital data acquisition system and reduced and printed by a computer system. The solar collector test setup, data acquisition system, and data reduction and printout systems were considered to have operated very satisfactorily. Test data indicated that there is a practical or useful limit in scaling down beyond which scaled-down testing cannot produce results comparable to results of larger scale tests. Test data are presented as are schematics and pictures of test equipment and test hardware.

Dolan, F. J.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Mount for continuously orienting a collector dish in a system adapted to perform both diurnal and seasonal solar tracking

A collector dish is continuously oriented toward the sun in a system adapted to perform both diurnal and seasonal solar tracking. The mount is characterized by a rigid, angulated axle having a linear midportion supporting a collector dish, and oppositely extended end portions normally related to the midportion of the axle and received in spaced journals. The longitudinal axis of symmetry for the midportion of the axle is coincident with a seasonal axis while the axes of the journals are coincident with a diurnal axis paralleling the earth's polar axis. Drive means are provided for periodically displacing the axle about the diurnal axis at a substantially constant rate, while other drive means are provided for periodically indexing the dish through 1 deg about the seasonal axis whereby the position of the dish relative to the axle is varied for accommodating seasonal tracking as changes in the angle of inclination of the polar axis occurs.

Brantley, L. W., Jr.↗
NASA NTRS1977

Efficiency enhancement of octave-bandwidth TWT's by the use of multistage depressed collectors

A small size two and four stage depressed collector was evaluated in conjunction with a 4.8 to 9.6 GHz traveling wave tube of 325 to 675 W power output. In spite of large fixed traveling wave tube losses, very significant efficiency enhancement was demonstrated with both the two and four stage multistage depressed collectors (MDC). The improvement in the overall efficiency ranged from a factor of 2.5 to 3.0 for the two stage MDC and a factor of 3.0 to 3.5 for the four stage MDC. An overall efficiency of 37.0 to 44.3 percent across the frequency band was demonstrated with the use of harmonic injection.

Ramins, P.↗
NASA NTRS1977

The sun-tracking control of solar collectors using high-performance step motors

Sun-tracking solar energy-focusing devices involving a central receiver, thermionic conversion, or a distributed solar thermal collector system are described. The Perkins solar collector uses a fixed focal point about which an 18 m-diameter parabolic dish moves on tracks. The elevation axis also moves on a circular track. A microprocessor manipulates sun sensor information and sun ephemeris data to ensure correct placement. Stepper motors are digital devices which provide direct interface with digital electronics and a wide dynamic range, and could easily be associated with the microprocessors. Design philosophy, performance criteria, wind load analysis, and control system requirements are also discussed.

Hughes, R. O.↗
NASA NTRS1976

Conceptual design of a parabolic dish solar collector using simulation techniques

The development of solar concentrators in recent years have produced a wide variety of collectors for the utilization of solar energy. This paper presents the simulation techniques used to predict the optical and thermal performance of a paraboloid of revolution type solar collector. Conceptual design of a dish concentrator with a fixed receiver size is obtained by parametrically examining the significant variables.

Gupta, B. P.↗
NASA NTRS1978

Flat-plate solar collector - installation package

Package includes installation, operation and maintenance manual for collector, analysis of safety hazards, special handling instructions, materials list, installation drawings, and warranty and certification statement. Manual includes instructions for roof preparation and for preparing collector for installation. Several pages are devoted to major and minor repairs.

Source record↗
NASA NTRS1978

Thermal performance of a hot-air solar collector

Report contains procedures and results of thermal-performance tests on double-glazed air solar collector. Four types of tests were carried out including thermal-efficiency and stagnation tests, collector time-constant tests to assess effects of transients, and incident-angle modifier tests. Data are presented in tables and as graphs and are discussed and analyzed.

Source record↗