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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Transcriptomic Analysis of ISS Crewmembers’ Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reveals Homeostatic Regulations in Space

The impact of spaceflight on the immune system has been investigated for decades. Studies conducted in cell models, animals and humans suggest that the spaceflight environment affects the innate and acquired immune systems, as the ability to recognize antigens, defend against foreign invaders, and orchestrate repair is significantly hindered. However, the molecular mechanisms behind spaceflight-induced immune dysregulations are still unclear. In this study, blood from eleven (11) International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers was collected before, during and after long duration space missions, as well as from 11 matched ground control subjects. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the RNA-sequencing technique. In comparison to the blood samples collected from the crewmembers pre-flight, a total of ~1000 genes were found to be upregulated and ~1000 genes downregulated in PBMC collected between 4 and 6 months after they were in space. The most significantly DEGs (differentially expressed genes) include activation of RUBCNL which is an autophagy enhancer and inhibition of GRASP which regulates cell trafficking. Genes involved in cell adhesion, cell cycle progression and other functions were also dysregulated. Pathway analysis of the DEGs indicates mitochondria dysfunction, particularly reduced ATP production in the electron transport chain. Other pathways impacted by spaceflight include glycolysis, autophagy and inflammatory response. Our results suggest that, in space, blood cells may have also experienced energy depletion and reduced metabolism. Consequently, the cells may become autophagic, which is a known homeostatic mechanism for blood cells to become quiescent, but to stay alive. Further analysis of the data shows recovery of the crewmembers after mission and potential differential responses between genders to the space environment. Our data potentially explains some of the physiological changes that have been observed in space such as mitochondria dysfunction, inhibition of T cell activation and telomere lengthening. Comparison of our results with other transcriptomics studies of ISS crewmembers’ blood cells will also be presented.

Maria Moreno Villanueva↗
DOE OSTI2025

Global Evaluation of Process Conditions and Wave Modes in a Rotating Detonation Engine

Rotating Detonation Engines (RDEs) show significant promise for enhancing the efficiency of gas turbine engines while maintaining low 𝑁𝑂𝑥 emissions. This work investigates the predictability of wave modes in a water-cooled RDE under varying operational conditions. Experimental data comprising over 6,700 samples was collected, including parameters such as flow rates, temperatures, pressures, and equivalence ratios. A machine learning approach using the XGBoost library was used to build a multi-class classifier, predicting wave modes based on these inputs. The model achieved a high accuracy of 97%, demonstrating that wave modes are not random but deterministic based on the process conditions. SHAP analysis was used to identify the most influential parameters affecting wave mode prediction. The results show that for the water-cooled NETL RDE, wave mode is determinant and predictable based on the process parameters.

Weber, Justin [NETL] (ORCID:0000000218487035)↗
DOE OSTI2021

A Comparison of Human Error Probabilities Collected from HuREX and SHEEP Frameworks

This paper discusses how different are the HEPs collected from HuREX and SHEEP frameworks. This study is a preceding research to infer full-scope HRA data based on the data collected from the SHEEP framework. For the comparison, we used HEPs in the HuREX database published in KAERI-TR-6649 [6]. The HEPs have been collected from actual licensed operators when manipulating MCR simulators of Westinghouse type and Optimized Power Reactor (OPR1000) type in South Korea. For the HEPs based on the SHEEP framework, these have been collected from actual licensed operators and students when using a simplified simulator, i.e., Rancor Microworld.

99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS↗
DOE OSTI2023

Measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency in runs 2 \& 3 of the Muon $g-2$ Experiment at Fermilab

This dissertation presents a measurement of the muon anomalous precession frequency for the Runs 2 \& 3 data of the E989 Muon $g-2$ Experiment at Fermilab. The muon anomalous precession frequency is one of two key inputs, the other being the magnetic field, used to precisely determine the muon magnetic anomaly, $a_{\mu}$. In April 2021, the E989 collaboration reported its first measurement of $a_{\mu}$ to an unprecedented precision of 460 parts-per-billion (ppb). This result is in agreement with the previous measurement performed by the E821 collaboration at Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the combined experimental value is in tension with the Standard Model prediction at 4.2$\sigma$, a possible hint of new physics. The first result from E989 was based on the Run-1 data, which was collected in 2018 and comprises 6\% of the experiment’s target statistics; the Run-1 result was statistics-limited. The Runs 2 \& 3 data were collected in 2019-2020 and constitute a four-fold increase i n statistics compared to Run-1 and consequently, a factor of two reduction in the measurement’s statistical uncertainty. This reduced statistical uncertainty, as well as continued understanding of systematic effects, will result in an even more precise measurement of $a_{\mu}$ and will help clarify the observed tension between theory and experiment. The precession frequency analysis presented in this dissertation includes a number of improvements compared to Boston University's Run-1 analysis: the implementation of a more robust pileup-subtraction procedure, the implementation of a kernel ratio method, the adoption of the statistically optimal asymmetry-weighted method, and investigations that led to an improved understanding of an outstanding residual slow effect. This dissertation motivates a measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, describes the experimental principle, gives an overview of the E989 experiment, and presents a precession frequency analysis with full systematic unc ertainty evaluation for the Runs 2 \& 3 data. The combined precession frequency measurement, using the ratio asymmetry-weighted method, has a statistical uncertainty of 201 ppb and a systematic uncertainty of 25 ppb, constituting the most precise determination of the muon anomalous precision frequency to date.

72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS↗
NASA NTRS2011

Vitamin D Supplementation and Immune Response to Antarctic Winter

Maintaining vitamin D status without sunlight exposure is difficult without supplementation. This study was designed to better understand interrelationships between periodic cholecalciferol(vitamin D3) supplementation and immune function in Antarctic workers. The effect of 2 oral dosing regimens of vitamin D3 supplementation on vitamin D status and markers of immune function were evaluated in people in Antarctica with no ultraviolet light exposure for 6 mo. Participants were given a 2,000-IU (50 g) daily (n=15) or 10,000-IU (250 g) weekly (n=14) vitamin D3 supplement for 6 mo during a winter in Antarctica. Biological samples were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Vitamin D intake, markers of vitamin D and bone metabolism, and latent virus reactivation were determined. After 6 mo the mean (SD) serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration increased from 56 plus or minus 17 to 79 plus or minus 16 nmol/L and 52 plus or minus 10 to 69 plus or minus 9 nmol/L in the 2,000-IU/d and 10,000-IU/wk groups (main effect over time P less than 0.001). Participants with a greater BMI (participant BMI range = 19-43 grams per square meter) had a smaller increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 after 6 mo supplementation (P less than 0.05). Participants with high serum cortisoland higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were less likely to shed Epstein-Barr virus in saliva (P less than 0.05). The doses given raised vitamin D status in participants not exposed to sunlight for 6 mo, and the efficacy was influenced by baseline vitamin D status and BMI. The data also provide evidence that vitamin D, interacting with stress, can reduce risk of latent virus reactivation during the winter in Antarctica.

Zwart, S. R.↗
DOE OSTI2022

In-Field Alpha Spectrometer Development FY2022 Mid-Year Report

In response to needs identified by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed an In-Field Alpha Spectrometer (IFAS) to allow IAEA safeguards inspectors to collect samples of uranium hexafluoride (UF 6 ) at processing facilities, to perform field assessments to verify uranium enrichment. For sample collection, the IFAS method uses Single-Use Destructive Assay (SUDA) samplers, developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), which contain thin zeolite coatings that trap UF6 gas and convert it to the safer, more stable form uranyl fluoride (as a dihydrate, UO 2 F 2 ·2H 2 O). For alpha spectrometry, the IFAS instrument employs a large area silicon semiconductor transducer to detect and record alpha particle energy-deposition events. Over the course of this project INL, PNNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory worked to optimize the SUDA sample design for alpha spectrometry, to optimize processes for manufacturing, loading, and shipping SUDA samples, and to allow the measurement of loaded SUDA samples. In fiscal year (FY) 2022 INL has bene investigating the reproducibility and measurement precision of IFAS measurements and the associated determination of uranium enrichment.

46 - INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AN↗
DOE OSTI2024

Exploring the Links between Structural Distortions, Orbital Ordering, and Multipolar Magnetic Ordering in Double Perovskites Containing Re(VI) and Os(VII)

A combination of high-resolution powder diffraction techniques and solid-state NMR has been employed to explore the links between crystal structure, orbital ordering, and magnetism in three isostructural double perovskites containing transition metal ions with a 5d 1 configuration. In Ba 2 ZnReO 6 , both neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data reveal a cubic-to-tetragonal transition at 23 K that breaks the degeneracy of the t 2g orbitals and leads to a pattern of orbital ordering that stabilizes magnetic ordering when the sample is cooled below 16 K. Similar behavior is observed in Ba 2 MgReO 6 , with an orbital ordering temperature of 33 K and a magnetic ordering temperature of 18 K. Prior theoretical works suggest that the pattern of orbital order seen in the P42/mnm space group is needed to stabilize the heavily canted antiferromagnetism of these compounds. Unfortunately, powder diffraction data is not sensitive enough to differentiate between the I4/mmm and P42/mnm structural models, as the distortions are too subtle to be unambiguously identified from either neutron or synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction methods. In contrast, both diffraction and 7 Li NMR data indicate that Ba 2 LiOsO 6 retains the cubic structure down to 1.7 K. The antiferromagnetic ground state and lack of any sign of orbital ordering in Ba 2 LiOsO 6 provide compelling evidence that the electronically driven tetragonal distortion seen in Ba2ZnReO6, and Ba2MgReO6 is intimately linked to the magnetic ordering seen in those compounds. The absence of magnetic reflections in high intensity neutron powder diffraction data collected on Ba 2 MgReO 6 strongly suggests ordering of multipolar moments on Re(VI), likely ferro-octupolar ordering.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

The Integrated Impact of Diet on Human Immune Response, the Gut Microbiota, and Nutritional Status During Adaptation to Spaceflight

Long-duration spaceflight impacts human physiology, including well documented immune system dysregulation. Diet, the microbiome, and immune system function are interlinked, but diet is the only one of these factors that we have the ability to easily, and significantly, alter on Earth or during flight. As we better understand dietary impacts on physiology, we may then improve the spaceflight diet to improve crew health and potentially reduce spaceflight-associated physiological decrements. Increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables and bioactive compounds (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids, lycopene, flavonoids) and therefore enhancing overall nutritional intake from the nominal shelf-stable, fully-processed, space food system is expected to serve as a countermeasure to detrimental impacts to human physiology, including dysregulation in immunological profiles, the taxonomic profile of the gut microbiota, and nutritional status during spaceflight. In this study, first we sought to determine the effect of the nominal shelf-stable spaceflight diet compared to an "enhanced" shelf-stable spaceflight diet on human biochemistry, immunology, and the microbiome in a ground-based, simulated space mission. The ground analog portion of this study was conducted in the NASA Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) Campaign 4 missions, which consisted of four 45-day missions with closed chamber confinement and realistic mission simulation to study effects on crew health and performance. As reported previously, analyses indicate beneficial associations between diet and markers of nutritional status, stress, the microbiome, and cognitive performance. Intake and beneficial associations varied by subject. This data will be used as a ground-based control for spaceflight, where the spaceflight environment (e.g., radiation, microgravity) will have additional impacts and the potential to evaluate effects of the diet will be greater. The second phase of this study is to occur on the International Space Station, where it is currently being implemented. The test plan is similar to that used in the HERA missions. The enhanced diet is intended to provide 25% of the crews’ diet with foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, lycopene, and flavonoids, along with more fruits and vegetables in general (the other 75% of the diet will be obtained from standard and crew preference items available on the ISS). Biological samples (blood, urine, stool, and saliva) are being collected from participants at selected time points before, during, and after the mission. Data collection also includes dietary intake recording and body mass measurement. Currently, 6 of 9 planned astronauts have completed data collection. Analysis of immune markers, latent herpes virus reactivation, the taxonomic and metatranscriptomic profile of the gut microbiome, and nutritional status biomarkers and biochemical metabolites will occur in batch to minimize sample handling variations. Mixed models statistical analyses will be used, incorporating random effects to account for repeated measures within individuals to assess the impact of diet on physiological outcomes. We expect this study to provide evidence of beneficial impact of this enhanced diet on crew health and adaptation to spaceflight. These data will aid in evidence-based mass-risk trades for food system design and development of targeted dietary interventions for future exploration-class space missions.

Grace L. Douglas↗
DOE OSTI2026

Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Recycling: Barriers and Opportunities for State, Local, and Tribal Governments

Electronic waste, or e-waste, encompasses end-of-life electrical and electronic equipment, including computers, monitors, televisions, printers, cell phones, household appliances with electronic components, and small consumer devices containing batteries or circuitry. E-waste is one of the fastest-growing components of the U.S. waste stream, with nearly 8 million tons generated in 2022. E-waste presents two related public-interest considerations. First, e-waste contains economically and strategically important materials: base metals (copper, aluminum, iron, steel), precious metals (gold, silver, platinum group metals), and critical materials such as rare earth elements, gallium, and indium that appear on the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) 2025 List of Critical Minerals. Second, many electronic devices contain hazardous constituents - including lead, mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants - as well as rechargeable batteries that can pose fire risks during handling. Effective management of these constituents helps protect workers, communities, and the environment. In the United States, it is estimated that less than 20% of e-waste is formally collected and recycled, leaving over 6 million tons landfilled or otherwise unrecovered. This fact sheet provides state and local decision-makers an overview of (1) e-waste composition and recoverable materials, (2) technology pathways used to recover those materials, and (3) examples of operational and partnership structures used to provide e-waste recycling capacity in the United States. It is intended to complement existing collection-program guidance available through U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other sources.

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY↗
DOE OSTI2021

Supplemental Defatted Microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica Affected Apparent Retention and Ileal Digestibility of Nutrients in a Corn-Soybean Meal Based Diet for Broiler Chickens

Objective: This study was to assess impacts of including 10% defatted microalgae (Nannochloropsis oceanica, 45% crude protein and 3.8% ether extract) into a corn-soybean meal basal diet for broiler chickens on apparent retention and ileal digestibility of nutrients. Procedures: Day-old hatchling Cornish Giant cockerels were divided into two groups (6 cages/group, 6 chicks/cage) and fed either the basal (control) or the microalgae-supplemented (microalgae) diet for 6 weeks. Starting week 3, the two experimental diets were mixed with 0.2% chromium oxide as an indigestible marker. Total excreta of individual cages were collected daily for 3 consecutive days during week 6. At the end of week 6, chicks were euthanized to collect ileal digesta from 1 chick/cage. Energy and concentrations of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, minerals, and amino acids in digesta, excreta, and diets were assayed. Apparent retentions and ileal digestibilities were calculated using the direct collection and indirect indicator methods. Data were analyzed by the Student’s t-test and the significant level of difference was at p < 0.05. Results: The microalgae diet had elevated (4.2% and 8.1% by the two methods, p < 0.05) apparent retention of ether extract, but similar apparent retention and ileal digestibility of dry matter and apparent metabolizable energy, compared with the control diet. Supplemental defatted microalgae decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent retention and ileal digestibility of dietary crude protein by 13% and 13%. The supplementation also decreased (p < 0.05) ileal digestibilities and apparent retentions of multiple amino acids ranging from 0.6% to 26%. Apparent retentions of sodium and total phosphorus were decreased (p < 0.05) by 13% and 71%, respectively, by the microalgae inclusion compared with the control. Conclusion: The inclusion of 10% defatted N. oceanica in the corn-soybean meal basal diet for broiler chickens led moderate increases in apparent retention and ileal digestibility of ether extract, but decreased those of crude protein, amino acids, sodium, and phosphorus.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗
DOE OSTI2025

Search for η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and ω ϕ and measurements of χ c J → ω ω and ω ϕ in ψ ( 2 S ) radiative processes

Using ( 2712 ± 14 ) × 10 6 ψ ( 2 S ) events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we search for the decays η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω and η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ via the process ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) . No statistically significant signals are observed. The upper limits of their product branching fractions at the 90% confidence level are determined to be B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ω ) < 1.04 × 10 − 6 and B ( ψ ( 2 S ) → γ η c ( 2 S ) , η c ( 2 S ) → ω ϕ ) < 1.85 × 10 − 7 , respectively. We also update the branching fractions of χ c J → ω ω and χ c J → ω ϕ via the ψ ( 2 S ) → γ χ c J transition. Their branching fractions are determined to be B ( χ c 0 → ω ω ) = ( 10.66 ± 0.11 ± 0.57 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ω ) = ( 6.43 ± 0.07 ± 0.31 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 2 → ω ω ) = ( 8.75 ± 0.08 ± 0.42 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 0 → ω ϕ ) = ( 1.18 ± 0.03 ± 0.07 ) × 10 − 4 , B ( χ c 1 → ω ϕ ) = ( 2.04 ± 0.15 ± 0.11 ) × 10 − 5 , and B ( χ c 2 → ω ϕ ) = ( 9.58 ± 1.07 ± 0.76 ) × 10 − 6 , where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

Ablikim, M.↗
DOE OSTI2026

Citation network datasets for benchmarking spiking graph neural networks on experimental neuromorphic hardware

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) running on neuromorphic computers offer an energy-efficient alternative for AI tasks. Recently, spiking graph neural networks (S-GNNs) have been shown to produce encouraging results on benchmark citation network datasets such as Cora, CiteSeer, and PubMed for node classification tasks. These S-GNNs were run on SNN simulators only because they contain up to tens of thousands of neurons and up to millions of synapses, translating poorly to neuromorphic hardware. Therefore, in this paper, we create a suite of benchmark datasets from the CiteSeer dataset that can be accommodated on current neuromorphic hardware platforms. Our contribution consists of a collection of three datasets. First, we have an induced subgraph of CiteSeer, which we call MiniSeer, containing 2110 papers, 3604 binary features, and 6 topics. Second, MicroSeer is a very small dataset consisting of 84 papers, 1227 features, and 6 topics. Lastly, BiteSeer is a collection of 15 binary classification datasets. We present creation of these datasets along with accuracies, running times, and spike counts when simulated. We believe that our results in this paper will be used by the neuromorphic community to benchmark, test, and develop neuromorphic hardware and simulators.

Zhu, Kevin [George Mason University, Virginia]↗
DOE OSTI2024

Redox regulation of m 6 A methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic ß-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in ß-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, in this study, we report that N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is an adaptive ß-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. m 6 A writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in ß-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. m 6 A-sequencing revealed the m 6 A hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators including OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and ADAR1 in human islets and EndoC-ßH1 cells at T1D onset. METTL3 silencing enhanced OAS levels by increasing its mRNA stability. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy, to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in ß-cells, delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked upregulation of METTL3 in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide enhanced its expression. Furthermore, for the first time to our knowledge, we report that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domains of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation (SNO) and are significant for the METTL3-mediated regulation of OAS mRNA stability in human ß-cells. Collectively, we report that m 6 A regulates ß-cells to control the innate immune response during the onset of T1D in humans.

2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase↗
NASA NTRS2024

Crew State and Risk Model Development to Predict Hydration Status During Extravehicular Activity Training Events

Introduction: Hydration is critical for optimal human health and performance and dehydration can lead to impaired cardiovascular function, thermal dysregulation, decreased blood plasma volume, and cognitive impacts, particularly during physical activity. Prolonged and repeated extravehicular activities (EVA) without sufficiently available drinking water may increase risk for dehydration, which could impair crew health and impact mission success. Understanding hydration needs and potential effects on health and performance are necessary to optimize crew well-being and enable successful EVA objectives. This study aims to develop a model of hydration status during EVA using water balance techniques. Methods: Water balance measures were collected on 15 healthy astronauts who performed ≈6-hour simulated microgravity extravehicular activity (EVA) training in the NASA Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Data collected included pre-and post-EVA nude body weight (BW), maximum absorption garment (MAG) weight, Disposable In-suit Drink Bag (DIDB) weight, urine specific gravity (USG), and extra pre-EVA intake (W). Variables were combined to create the water balance model as pre-EVA (Hn)= BWn+ MAGn+ DIDBn+ Wnand post EVA (Hn+1) = BWn+1+ MAGn+1+ DIDBn+1. Urine specific gravity values were used to refine water balance measures into hydration categories: Hydrated, Marginally Hydrated, and Dehydrated. Results: Pre-EVA modeling indicated53% of crew were hydrated, 20% were marginally hydrated, and 27% were dehydrated. Alternately, Hn+1 showed 13% of crew remained hydrated, 47% were marginally hydrated, and 40% were dehydrated at the end of the EVA. Furthermore, 75% of the crewmembers who started sufficiently hydrated finished the run marginally hydrated or dehydrated. According to USG indices presented by Casa and Lawrence, et al. (2000), only 25% of the crew started and remained hydrated throughout the EVA, and those who were dehydrated at the outset stayed dehydrated. Conclusion: Model outcomes assessing hydration status during 6-hour simulated microgravity EVAs demonstrate the necessity to further address hydration requirements for optimal human performance during spaceflight and EVA. This study enables additional baseline development of the Crew State and Risk Model Hydration, Nutrition, and Waste Management component that aims to provide individualized crew state and risk predictions during EVAs. Reference: Casa, D. J., Armstrong, L. E., et al. (2000). National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 35:212-224.

L Cooper↗
NASA NTRS1975

The Nimbus-6 User's Guide

Background information was given on the Nimbus 6 spacecraft and experiments as a basis for selecting, obtaining, and utilizing Nimbus 6 data in research studies. The basic spacecraft system operation and the objectives of the Nimbus 6 flight are outlined, followed by a detailed discussion of each of the experiments. The format, archiving, and access to the data are also described. Finally, the contents and format of the Nimbus 6 data catalogs are described. These catalogs will be issued periodically after the launch of Nimbus 6. They will contain representative pictorial data and daily temperature, humidity, infrared and radiometer data obtained during each period, as well as information on the collection and availability of all Nimbus 6 data.

Sissala, J. E.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Petrography and classification of Apollo 17 non-mare rocks with emphasis on samples from the Station 6 boulder

The Apollo-17 nonmare rock collection consists largely of polymict breccias lithified by impact and characterized by a variety of types of lithic clasts, concentrations of siderophile elements that indicate substantial meteoritic contamination, and contents of metallic iron well above those of mare basalts. These materials may be subdivided into two compositional groups, one with 70-80% feldspar and the other with 50-60% feldspar. The high-feldspar group includes two characteristic textures: coarsely poikilitic and granulitic. The low-feldspar group includes (1) fragmental breccias with the most diverse lithic clast populations of all breccias and (2) crystalline breccias with poikilitic and subophitic to micropoikilitic textures containing tabular feldspar, granular textures with anhedral feldspar, and clast-rich ophitic textures containing less euhedral feldspar. In the poikilitic and subophitic to micropoikilitic textures, the clast population is dominated by the high-feldspar lithologies and An(94-47) plagioclase grains, indicating that these more refractory lithologies were abundant in the material from which the less feldspathic crystalline rocks formed.

Simonds, C. H.↗
DOE OSTI2021

Search for the dark photon in B 0 → A'A', A' → e + e – , μ + μ – , and π + π – decays at Belle

We present a search for the dark photon A' in the B 0 → A'A' decays, where A' subsequently decays to e + e – , μ + μ – , and π + π – . The search is performed by analyzing 772 × 10 6 $B$$\overline{B}$ events collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB e + e – energy-asymmetric collider at the Υ(4S) resonance. No signal is found in the dark photon mass range 0.01 GeV/c 2 ≤ m A' ≤ 2.62 GeV/c 2 , and we set upper limits of the branching fraction of B0 → A'A' at the 90% confidence level. The products of branching fractions, B(B 0 →A'A')×B(A'→e + e – ) 2 and B(B 0 →A'A')×B(A'→μ + μ – ) 2 , have limits of the order of 10 –8 depending on the A' mass. Furthermore, considering A' decay rate to each pair of charged particles, the upper limits of B(B 0 →A'A') are of the order of 10 –8 –10 –5 . From the upper limits of B(B 0 →A'A'), we obtain the Higgs portal coupling for each assumed dark photon and dark Higgs mass. The Higgs portal couplings are of the order of 10 –2 –10 –1 at m h' ≃m B 0 ± 40 MeV/c 2 and 10 –1 –1 at m h' ≃m B 0 ± 3 GeV/c 2 .

46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ↗
DOE OSTI2021

Sixty days of head-down tilt bed rest with or without artificial gravity do not affect the neuromuscular secretome

Highlights: • Long-term bed rest with/without artificial gravity does not affect the neuromuscular secretome. • Serum concentrations of markers of muscle wasting are not affected by bed rest/artificial gravity. • C-terminal Agrin Fragment serum concentrations are not affected by bed rest/artificial gravity. • Human centrifugation during bed rest does not have a negative impact on the neuromuscular secretome. Artificial gravity is a potential countermeasure to attenuate effects of weightlessness during long-term spaceflight, including losses of muscle mass and function, possibly to some extent attributable to disturbed neuromuscular interaction. The 60-day AGBRESA bed-rest study was conducted with 24 participants (16 men, 8 women; 33 ± 9 years; 175 ± 9 cm; 74 ± 10 kg; 8 control group, 8 continuous (cAG) and 8 intermittent (iAG) centrifugation) to assess the impact of bed rest with or without daily 30-min continuous/intermittent centrifugation with 1G at the centre of mass. Fasting blood samples were collected before and on day 6, 20, 40 and 57 during 6° head-down tilt bed rest. Concentrations of circulating markers of muscle wasting (GDF-8/myostatin; slow skeletal muscle troponin T; prostaglandin E2), neurotrophic factors (BDNF; GDNF) and C-terminal Agrin Fragment (CAF) were determined by ELISAs. Creatine kinase activity was assessed by colorimetric enzyme assay. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted with TIME as within-subject, and INTERVENTION and SEX as between-subject factors. The analyses revealed no significant effect of bed rest or sex on any of the parameters. Continuous or intermittent artificial gravity is a safe intervention that does not have a negative impact of the neuromuscular secretome.

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES↗