Coastal upwelling off South America during the 1997-98 El Nino
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The sea level interannual variations observed in the tropical Pacific over the period 1980-1998 show some strong asymmetry with respect to the equator.
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The Zebiak and Cane (1987) model is first run in its 'forced mode' where the oceanic part of the model is driven by FSU wind stress anomalies over 1980-1994 to simulate sea surface temperature anomalies and those are used in the atmospheric part of the model to generate wind anomalies. Simulated thermocline depths, sea surface temperature and wind stress anomalies are first validated with observations.
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The Zebiak and Cane (1987) model is used in its uncoupled mode.
In this paper, we examine the conditions under which the Cane and Zebiak's model can be run so that the simulated anomalies of wind and SST agree better with the observations.
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Liu et al.[1998] (hereafter referred as LTH), superimposed wind velocity anomalies observed by the NASA Scatterometer (NSCAT) on the map of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies observed by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) in the Pacific at the end of May 1997, and illustrated that the three regions of anomalous warming in the North Pacific Ocean are related to wind anomalies through different mechanisms.
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