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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
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DOE OSTI2025

Laser calibration system and lost muons correction in the g-2 experiment

The Muon g-2 experiment at Fermilab has the main goal to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_{µ}$ = ($g$ − 2)/2 to a precision of 0.14 parts per million (ppm), which means 4 times improvement in precision with respect to the final result from BNL: $a_{µ}$ (expt. BNL) = 11659208.0(6.3) × 10$^{−10}$ (0.54 ppm) In this report I summarize the work done at the $g$-2 experiment during my summer internship at Fermilab. In the first two weeks my first task has been to replace the NIM logic used in the Laser Calibration System with a new FPGA. Then, I was involved in the Lost Muons analysis studying both real data and MonteCarlo simulations.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Analysis of the automatic reconstruction of protons from simulated neutrino interactions in the ICARUS detector: study of the performance of track vs shower discrimination algorithms

ICARUS, Imaging Cosmic and Rare Underground Signals, is the far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). This program was born with the purpose of definitely explaining some anomalies in the field of neutrino oscillation physics, that can suggest the existence of a 4-type of neutrino: the sterile neutrino. It doesn’t interact directly with ordinary matter through the weak interaction, but we can observed the effect of its oscillation. In this chapter I will briefly observe: • the physics goals of the SBN Program; • the role of ICARUS as SBN far detector; • the detection technology.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Early Career: Constraining the Electromagnetic Shower Energy Scale at LArTPC Neutrino Detectors Near and Far (Final Scientific/Technical Report)

This is the final scientific/technical report associated with the award "Early Career: Constraining the Electromagnetic Shower Energy Scale at LArTPC Neutrino Detectors Near and Far"; the primary research topics associated with the award are neutrino oscillation physics, reconstruction of neutrino interaction events using machine learning techniques, and detector calibration.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Modelling detector-specific reconstruction uncertainties in LAr-TPC

The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program features three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr-TPC) detectors positioned along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) axis: the Short Baseline Neutrino Near Detector, MicroBooNE, and the ICARUS T600. As the largest operational LAr-TPC, ICARUS T600 serves as the far detector, located 600 m from the BNB target. While its primary goal is to record neutrino events, it also detects other ionizing events, including cosmic rays. This work focuses on analyzing and modeling detector-specific reconstruction uncertainties in LAr-TPC. These inefficiencies, identified during the Pattern Recognition phase handled by the PANDORA algorithm, impact subsequent Particle Fits and Offline Analysis. Specifically, inaccuracies in track reconstruction can lead to significant physical consequences, such as erroneous particle energy estimates and poor Particle Identification (PID), reducing the efficiency of neutrino event characterization. A key issue addressed is split tracks, caused by missing hits or incomplete track stitching by PANDORA. The aim of this internship is to characterize, model, and quantify the impact of split tracks on track reconstruction.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2026

Participation in Intensity Frontier Neutrino Physics (closeout report)

The flagship currently-running experiment at Fermilab is the NuMI Off-axis νe Appearance (NOvA) experiment. Together with the (complementary) T2K experiment in Japan, it provides the opportunity for improved measurement precision on neutrino mixing parameters and addresses topics of strong interest: whether neutrino masses follow a normal (NH) or inverted (IH) hierarchy; whether the ν 3 state contains a symmetric mixture of ν µ and ν τ (“maximal mixing,” pointing to a possible new symmetry of nature), or, if not, what is the octant of θ 23 ; and whether neutrino mixing violates CP symmetry. Recent results from both experiments suggest we may be on the verge of important discoveries. Towards the end of the decade, these experiments will be superseded by DUNE in the U.S. and HyperK in Japan.

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DOE OSTI2026

High Energy Neutrino Physics

Of the twelve subatomic particles that are the building blocks of all the known matter in the universe, three are neutrinos, small neutral particles that interact through the weak interaction with other particles in the Universe. These three neutrinos, paired with the three charged leptons, the familiar electron, the heavier muon, and the still heavier tau, are some of the least well understood particles of these building blocks. Experiments using accelerator beams, like those that are the subject of this grant, can address some of the key questions scientists are posing with respect to the neutrino. Specifically, are there differences between neutrinos and their anti-particles, anti-neutrinos, that could give us some clue to the matter dominated universe, do we understand the spectrum of masses of the three neutrinos, and are there other kinds of neutirnos than the three neutrinos? Coupled with advances in precision neutrino detection, the US is addressing these questions from small scale experiments to the massive DUNE experiment. PI Fleming and her team play critical roles in accelerator based neutrino physics at short and long baseline with participation on MicroBooNE, SBND, and with the group's participation in DUNE. These experiments are at the heart of the US-based high energy physics program.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Interim report for the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC)

The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) [3]. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel [4] in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) [5] has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

Design Initiative for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Collider

This document outlines a community-driven Design Study for a 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Accelerator Collider. The 2020 ESPP Report emphasized the need for Advanced Accelerator R&D, and the 2023 P5 Report calls for the ``delivery of an end-to-end design concept, including cost scales, with self-consistent parameters throughout." This Design Study leverages recent experimental and theoretical progress resulting from a global R&D program in order to deliver a unified, 10 TeV Wakefield Collider concept. Wakefield Accelerators provide ultra-high accelerating gradients which enables an upgrade path that will extend the reach of Linear Colliders beyond the electroweak scale. Here, we describe the organization of the Design Study including timeline and deliverables, and we detail the requirements and challenges on the path to a 10 TeV Wakefield Collider.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

The Linear Collider Facility (LCF) at CERN

In this paper we outline a proposal for a Linear Collider Facility as the next flagship project for CERN. It offers the opportunity for a timely, cost-effective and staged construction of a new collider that will be able to comprehensively map the Higgs boson's properties, including the Higgs field potential, thanks to a large span in centre-of-mass energies and polarised beams. A comprehensive programme to study the Higgs boson and its closest relatives with high precision requires data at centre-of-mass energies from the Z pole to at least 1 TeV. It should include measurements of the Higgs boson in both major production mechanisms, ee -> ZH and ee -> vvH, precision measurements of gauge boson interactions as well as of the W boson, Higgs boson and top-quark masses, measurement of the top-quark Yukawa coupling through ee ->ttH, measurement of the Higgs boson self-coupling through HH production, and precision measurements of the electroweak couplings of the top quark. In addition, ee collisions offer discovery potential for new particles complementary to HL-LHC.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Decoupling of Nitrogen and Oxygen Impurities in Nitrogen Doped SRF Cavities

The performance of superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities is critical for enabling the next generation of efficient high-energy particle accelerators. Recent developments have focused on altering the surface impurity profile through \textit{in-situ} baking, furnace baking, and doping to introduce and diffuse beneficial impurities such as nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon. However, the precise role and properties of each impurity are not well understood. In this work, we attempt to disentangle the role of nitrogen and oxygen impurities through time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry using niobium cavity cutouts baked at temperatures varying from 120-800$^\circ$C with and without nitrogen injection. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind these impurities will drive further optimization in the tailoring of nitrogen and oxygen profiles for high-performance SRF cavities.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Adaptation of the Fermilab proton source to support new muon facilities

The PIP-II proton accelerator will provide the intensity sufficient to power a new generation of high energy facilities at Fermilab. Extension of that linac to higher energy with following acceleration and bunching rings could provide the intensity needed to feed a muon production target for a high-energy $\mu^{+} - \mu^{-}$ collider. Scenarios using a rapid-cycling synchrotron or an $\sim$8 GeV Linac are presented and discussed. Some near-term opportunities at Fermilab for muon collider R\&D are introduced.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Novel Two Stage Collimation Unit for Fermilab Booster

A new two-stage collimation unit (2SC) for Fermilab Booster will be installed during 2024 summer shutdown. It is a supplementary collimator for existing single stage Booster collimators. Design details of this 2SC adapted to Booster conditions are described. Results of beam dynamics simulations on collimation efficiency and evaluation of collimator shielding with MARS code on this new system are presented. The analysis on beam dynamics shows that the system will help to collimate up to about 1% of the beam in a confined way and, prompt and residual activation meet Fermilab Radiological Control limits in current as well as during PIP-II era high intensity operation of the Booster.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Reconstruction of the BNB and NuMI Neutrino Bunch Structure with ICARUS

ICARUS serves as the Far Detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab, sitting on-axis on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and 6$^\circ$ off-axis from the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam. Neutrinos from both beams inherit the timing sub-structure of their parent proton spills, which is in turn derived from either the Booster's or the Main Injector's synchrotron acceleration. Since neutrino propagation introduces only a constant offset, their timing structure is preserved as they travel. Identifying this structure in data represents a powerful tool for selecting neutrino events and searching for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). This poster presents the preliminary reconstruction of the BNB and NuMI neutrino bunch structure with ICARUS data, exploiting only the precise timing of ICARUS optical readout system to both locate and assign a time to each interaction.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

MLOps for Beam Controls

Machine learning operations (MLOps) is the standardization and streamlining of the ML development lifecycle to address the challenges associated with large-scale machine learning applications. The full MLOps pipeline consists of open-source tools: DataHub, MinIO and MLflow. It is being used for dataset management and model development to handle changing data dependencies, varying business needs, reproducibility, and diverse teams working with differing tools and skills. To demonstrate the completion of an MLOps pipeline for particle accelerator operations, we are deploying a simple script that computes settings for the Booster’s gradient magnet power supply. Once the demonstration is complete, we will develop and deploy ML-based optimization algorithms to improve Booster’s overall efficiency. This MLOps pipeline opens the gate to systematically develop and deploy ML applications for accelerator controls and diagnostics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

MLOps for Beam Controls

Machine learning operations (MLOps) is the standardization and streamlining of the ML development lifecycle to address the challenges associated with large-scale machine learning applications. The full MLOps pipeline consists of open-source tools: DataHub, MinIO and MLflow. It is being used for dataset management and model development to handle changing data dependencies, varying business needs, reproducibility, and diverse teams working with differing tools and skills. To demonstrate the completion of an MLOps pipeline for particle accelerator operations, we are deploying a simple script that computes settings for the Booster’s gradient magnet power supply. Once the demonstration is complete, we will develop and deploy ML-based optimization algorithms to improve Booster’s overall efficiency. This MLOps pipeline opens the gate to systematically develop and deploy ML applications for accelerator controls and diagnostics.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

First Measurements of Differential Cross Sections In Kinematic Imbalance Variables With The MicroBooNE Detector

Making high-precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters requires an unprecedented understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering. In this presentation, we present the first muon neutrino charged current double-differential cross sections in kinematic imbalance variables. These variables characterize the imbalance in the plane transverse to an incoming neutrino. We use events with a single muon above 100 MeV/c, a single final state proton above 300 MeV/c, and no recorded final state pions. Thus, these variables act as a direct probe of nuclear effects such as final state interactions, Fermi motion, and multi-nucleon processes. We also present a complementary ongoing analysis using electron neutrinos. This channel is of the utmost importance for the extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters by making high-precision measurements. Our measurements allow us to constrain systematic uncertainties associated with neutrino oscillation results performed by near-future experiments of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program, as well as by future large-scale experiments like DUNE.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Efficiency of ML Anomaly Detection Triggers for Emerging Jets

Novel machine learning-based anomaly detection Level 1 (L1) triggers are currently under development at CMS, namely AXOL1TL and CICADA. The former employs a variational autoencoder, while the latter utilizes a convolutional autoencoder. These triggers aim to balance rate reduction with model independence, enabling the selection of potentially significant events that might be overlooked by traditional triggers relying on basic kinematic variable selections. Consequently, they have the potential to enhance signals indicative of physics beyond the Standard Model, such as those associated with emerging jets. Such signals are predicted by models featuring a composite dark sector where long-lived particles decay into Standard Model jets with displaced tracks and numerous vertices. This study evaluates the efficiency of these anomaly detection triggers in selecting events with emerging jets produced via the s-channel production of two dark quarks.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗
DOE OSTI2024

Road to PROSPECT-II

The Precision Reactor Oscillation and SPECTrum (PROSPECT) experiment is based in a segmented liquid scintillator antineutrino detector situated approximately 7 meters from the highly enriched High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Its main goal is to investigate short-baseline antineutrino oscillations. The first phase of data collection, known as PROSPECT-I, was held from 2018 to 2019 and was used for several high-precision analyses, including multiple measurements of the $^{235}U$ antineutrino spectrum and searches for $eV$-scale sterile antineutrino oscillations. The collaboration is now preparing for the second phase, PROSPECT-II, which features an upgraded detector design. This advancement will enhance sensitivity and statistical power, allowing for a broader range of analyses beyond those achieved in PROSPECT-I. As we transition into this new phase, new questions have arisen concerning background simulation and its potential differences from those conducted during the initial phase of the experiment. Moreover, it is essential to ascertain, through simulations, the positive effects that an improved detector could have on the study of oscillations. This information is crucial for justifying the proposed enhancements, and I will cover all of this in the talk.

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS↗