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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2025

Educational Consortium for Energy-related Data Science & Computation in Building Engineering Programs

The project spearheaded by Pennsylvania State University aims to address the growing need for integrating energy-focused computation and data science into building engineering education. As the demand for energy-efficient building designs and operations increases, the educational sector must adapt to equip future engineers with the necessary skills. This initiative responds to this need by developing a consortium that unites multiple institutions to enhance curriculum development, dataset curation, and resource sharing, thereby ensuring students are well-prepared for the evolving energy sector. The primary goal of the project is to establish a consortium that will develop and disseminate educational materials and training programs focused on energy-related data science and computation. Key accomplishments include the creation of a beta website for resource sharing, the development of training programs and standalone modules, and the curation of datasets accessible to the public. This effort will culminate in a curriculum that incorporates advanced modeling technologies and data science skills into building engineering programs.

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATI↗
DOE OSTI2024

Addressing Experimental Challenges in Probing Dark Energy with Accuracy and Precision with the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space & Time (LSST)

With support from this award, the Stanford group under the leadership of PI Patricia Burchat focused on pixel-level algorithms that are key to the investigation of dark energy with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The work was carried out through strong engagement in the DOE-supported LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC), for which the PI served as Deputy Spokesperson (07/2019 - 07/2021) and Technical Coordinator (07/2021 - 07/2023). Members of the Burchat group are Full DESC members and are among scientists who have been accepted to join the Rubin Observatory System Integration, Test, and Commissioning (SIT-Com) effort. The specific intellectual focus of the group was the optimization of gravitational lensing as a probe of the evolution of the distribution of dark matter in space and time to learn about the nature of dark energy. The Stanford group pursued an integrated research program to understand in detail, and then remediate or calibrate, systematic effects that could limit the sensitivity of the LSST to cosmic shear as a dark energy probe -- particularly those related to our understanding of the atmospheric point spread function (PSF), challenges associated with blended galaxy images, and impacts of residual camera artifacts. Key to this work was developing, enhancing, and validating the fidelity of simulations that play a key role in the development of our understanding of subtle systematic biases and then using these simulations to develop techniques to characterize and mitigate biases, and associated algorithms for implementation in the LSST or DESC science pipelines. The group’s work included contributions to the open-source GalSim simulation package, which is widely used in the community; simulations and studies of spatial correlations of atmospheric PSFs; studies of temporal correlations of the atmospheric PSF; impacts of chromatic PSFs on cosmic shear calibration; continued studies of anisotropic Gaussian process interpolation of PSF models across the focal plane; and measuring and mitigating impacts of residual camera artifacts on cosmic shear. A primary impact of this work is that it increases the scientific discovery potential of the DOE and NSF investments in the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space \& Time, by addressing challenges in interpreting astronomical images through more accurate descriptions of the blurring of images due to the atmosphere. Specifically, this work impacts our ability to understand the fundamental nature of dark energy.

Burchat, Patricia Rose↗
DOE OSTI2021

AI-based design of a nuclear reactor core

The authors developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm for the design and optimization of a nuclear reactor core based on a flexible geometry and demonstrated a 3× improvement in the selected performance metric: temperature peaking factor. The rapid development of advanced, and specifically, additive manufacturing (3-D printing) and its introduction into advanced nuclear core design through the Transformational Challenge Reactor program have presented the opportunity to explore the arbitrary geometry design of nuclear-heated structures. The primary challenge is that the arbitrary geometry design space is vast and requires the computational evaluation of many candidate designs, and the multiphysics simulation of nuclear systems is very time-intensive. Therefore, the authors developed a machine learning-based multiphysics emulator and evaluated thousands of candidate geometries on Summit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s leadership class supercomputer. The results presented in this work demonstrate temperature distribution smoothing in a nuclear reactor core through the manipulation of the geometry, which is traditionally achieved in light water reactors through variable assembly loading in the axial direction and fuel shuffling during refueling in the radial direction. The conclusions discuss the future implications for nuclear systems design with arbitrary geometry and the potential for AI-based autonomous design algorithms.

22 GENERAL STUDIES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS↗
DOE OSTI2025

pi-Extended Porphyrins: The Impact of Aromatic Heterocycles on the Properties of the Largely pi-Extended Structures (Final Report_UNT_SC0016766)

Largely π-extended carbon-rich materials represent fascinating yet challenging frontiers in chemistry and materials science as it offers numerous opportunities in molecular electronics. pi-Extended porphyrins possess unique set of electronic and photophysical properties and are very attractive for a wide range of applications. However, the synthesis and functionalization of pi-extended porphyrins had been very challenging. To explore and expand this intriguing research field, it is essential to develop synthetic tools to make them accessible. Funded by the Department of Energy Basic Energy Science, my laboratory addressed these synthetic challenges by developing concise and versatile methods for pi-extended porphyrins. Significant progress has been made in multiple directions, including fusing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH), aromatic heterocycles, antiaromatic component, and cross-conjugated component to porphyrins as well as push-pull porphyrins. The availability of these methods has made it possible to rationally design and synthesize functionalized pi-extended porphyrins. Unprecedented electronic and photophysical properties have been discovered for these pi-extended porphyrins.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2022

Grand Challenges: wind energy research needs for a global energy transition

Wind energy is anticipated to play a central role in enabling a rapid transition from fossil fuels to a system based largely on renewable power. For wind power to fulfill its expected role as the backbone – providing nearly half of the electrical energy – of a renewable-based, carbon-neutral energy system, critical challenges around design, manufacture, and deployment of land and offshore technologies must be addressed. During the past 3 years, the wind research community has invested significant effort toward understanding the nature and implications of these challenges and identifying associated gaps. The outcomes of these efforts are summarized in a series of 10 articles, some under review by Wind Energy Science (WES) and others planned for submission during the coming months. This letter explains the genesis, significance, and impacts of these efforts.

17 WIND ENERGY↗
DOE OSTI2026

Metamaterials as a Platform for the Development of Novel Materials for Energy Applications

To explore the fundamental properties of metamaterials (MMs) / metasurfaces and their potential for control of energy at the sub‐wavelength scale in support of the mission of the Department of Energy and the office of Basic Energy Sciences. Electromagnetic metamaterials provide a platform for the discovery and design of new materials with novel structures, functions, and properties. The PI proposes to advance the knowledge base of these materials through fundamental investigations of the experimental and theoretical properties of metamaterials for the discovery, prediction and design of new materials with novel structures, functions, and properties. The proposed research activities emphasize a complete basic research program including the conceptual / computational design, fabrication / synthesis of the materials, and the characterization and analysis of their electromagnetic properties. The proposed project explores the fundamental properties of metamaterials / metasurfaces and their potential for energy applications. There are three main topics which will be investigated: 1) Dispersion engineering with metamaterials and metasurfaces, 2) Epsilon near zero metamaterial absorbers and emitters, and 3) All dielectric metamaterials. The program implements a complete basic research program consisting of theory / design, modeling, characterization, and analysis, in order to fully characterize metamaterials and metasurfaces, while at the same time minimizing iterations necessary to achieve the proposal goals.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2024

A Solar Fuels Nexus: Molecules and Materials for Light-Driven Catalysis

The American Chemical Society (ACS) selects two groups of graduate students each year to plan and host a one-day symposium at each national meeting (both fall and spring).This year our Graduate Student Symposium Planning Committee (GSSPC), composed of seven students from four universities, proposal entitled “A Solar Fuels Nexus: Molecules and Materials for Light-Driven Catalysis” was selected for the “Crossroads in Chemistry” ACS Meeting that will take place March 23-26, 2023 in Indianapolis, IN. All members of our GSSPC are affiliated with the DOE Fuels from Sunlight Energy Innovation Hub, with two from the Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA) and five from the Center for Hybrid Approaches in Solar Energy to Liquid Fuels (CHASE). Here we request funds to support this symposium. This symposium will highlight research progress and perspectives in the solar fuels generation field and seeks to advance the four priority research objectives (PROs) established by the Department of Energy’s Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DOE-BES) Roundtable Report that are also central to many research goals within LiSA and CHASE. The symposium will consist of research presentations from 10 invited senior researcher speakers on topics such as molecular catalyst design, computational modeling of electron transfer systems, microenvironmental effects on CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation catalysis, and intelligent design of semiconductor interfaces with ample time for discussions. These research topics fit very well with the Solar Photochemistry supported research areas of “light-driven electron and energy transfer in condensed phase and interfacial molecular systems,” “electrocatalysis and photocatalysis of solar fuels reactions,” and “semiconductor photoelectrochemistry.” More broadly, this symposium seeks to advance the DOE-BES’s mission to: “support fundamental research to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the level of electrons, atoms, and molecules” by providing a diverse atmosphere where such research will be disseminated, discussed, and debated. There will be a strong focus on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity (DEI) in our symposium. Of our 10 speakers, 7 will be from underrepresented demographics in STEM, including 5 who identify as women. Furthermore, we have representatives from academia accompanied by one national lab scientist and one officer from the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management at the DOE. All speakers will be holding a short DEI moment ahead of their talks. In order to support the career development of attending early career scientists, we will also be hosting a luncheon specifically for graduate students and postdocs to provide them opportunities to network with the distinguished speakers and other attendees. DOE funds for this symposium will be used to support the attendance and participation of 15 graduate students from US institutions by defraying travel and registration costs. These funds will promote engagement and conversation between early career scientists in the solar fuels field, while disseminating solar fuels research funded by and relevant to the DOE.

30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION↗
DOE OSTI2020

Kinetic effects of self-organization in low-temperature magnetized plasmas (Final Report for DE-SC0019045: 9/1/2018-8/31/2019)

The research goal of this Early Career Research Program project is to advance the science of low temperature magnetized plasmas using first-principles kinetic, e.g., solving the Boltzmann equation, models. A better understanding of the plasma transport properties, such as electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity must be obtained to better control and design magnetized plasma sources. A key physical phenomenon in low-temperature magnetized plasmas is the self-organization of plasma flows, e.g., coherent plasma structures and transition between different discharge modes. Understanding the physics of coherent plasma structures has been identified as one of the four important frontier topics in a recent workshop by the Office of Fusion Energy Science. These self-emerging plasma patterns results from the nonlinear coupling between plasma constituents (ions, electrons, and neutral atoms), electromagnetic fields, and materials. The physics of low-temperature magnetized plasmas is particularly complex because (i) the collisionless instabilities affect collisional phenomena (ionization, transport, etc.) and vice versa and (ii) the presence of materials (sheath, electron injection, etc.) influences the bulk plasma properties in low-temperature plasma (LTP) devices. Computational models of these plasma flows remain challenging because the plasma density can vary several orders of magnitudes, a wide range of temporal and spatial scales must be resolved, the phenomena are inherently three-dimensional, and various physical processes, such as wall interaction, instabilities, inelastic collisions, etc., must be simultaneously and self-consistently taken into account. Understanding the fundamental transport mechanisms in cross-field configurations enables additional controllability of plasma properties and electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs).

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2020

2020 Exascale Computing Project Annual Meeting (Executive Summary Report)

The Exascale Computing Project (ECP) delivers specific applications, software products, and outcomes on DOE computing facilities. Integration across these elements for specific hardware technologies for exascale system instantiations is fundamental to ECP success. The outcome of the ECP is the delivery of a capable exascale computing ecosystem to provide breakthrough solutions addressing our most critical challenges in scientific discovery, energy assurance, economic competitiveness, and national security. This outcome is not a matter of ensuring more powerful computing systems. The ECP is designed to create more valuable and rapid insights from a wide variety of applications (“capable”), which requires a much higher level of inherent efficacy in all methods, software tools, and ECP-enabled computing technologies to be acquired by DOE laboratories (“ecosystem”). The ECP annual meeting provides a unique opportunity for the core technical expertise in the United States focused on achieving this next plateau of computational science and computing performance to engage in direct discussions on project execution. Face-to-face gatherings in technical communities like this are common and needed for the exchange of scientific ideas and technical performance. The ECP annual meeting stands apart from other technical conferences and meetings in the computing community as it is uniquely and solely focused on the execution of the ECP and the integration of technical activities leading to the creation of the exascale computing ecosystem for the future. The direct interaction of key critical technical staff, who are leaders in their respective fields, and the resulting give-and-take between software, applications, and hardware and the technical co-design therein, is unique and essential to the effective execution of the ECP. The first annual meeting was held in Knoxville, Tennessee, January 31 – February 2, 2017 and brought together, for the first time, a diverse collection of researchers from 16 DOE national laboratories as well as university computer and computational science researchers to discuss shared problems and joint solutions for the development of a capable exascale computing ecosystem. These interactions resulted in focused technical plans and an energized community centered on advances for ECP. The second annual meeting was held in Knoxville, Tennessee, February 5–9, 2018. It included 643 individual thought leaders and performers in application development, software research and deployment, and hardware research and integrators, all of whom are part of the multifaceted, billion dollar HPC community. This meeting provided a platform to discuss and disseminate numerous examples where researchers with common goals and synergistic solutions came together for the first time to deliver tangible results. Additionally, at the 2018 meeting, ECP researchers had the opportunity to digest all US HPC vendor R&D product roadmaps pointing to exascale – not only to learn how their research can play a role, but, more importantly, to influence those roadmaps to ensure successful delivery on DOE applications that will contribute to (if not solve) problems of national interest in national security, science, energy, and health, as well as growing security threats. The third annual meeting was held in Houston, Texas, January 14–17, 2019. With a 19% increase in the number of registrations (768 people), and the change in location, the third annual meeting was considered the most impactful of the three at the time. The new website provided a better platform for the dissemination of the content, the new venue as a meeting hotel instead of a conference center facilitated interactions and discussions after event hours, and the addition of an award-winning mobile event conference app (Whova) transformed dramatically the attendee experience at the event. This fourth annual meeting was held in Houston, Texas, February 3-7, 2020. This meeting had an increase in the number of attendees for a total of 824 people registered (782 attendees) and included numerous enhancements based on feedback and lessons learned from previous meetings, some of which are listed here: Improved quality of the sessions, their material and the whole program.; Had more industry participation and addition of external collaborators from overseas.; Published the full agenda earlier to better accommodate attendance and travel plans based on schedule.; Centralized all sessions in one venue.; Provided additional hotels and room blocks for the attendees.; Improved communication with the audience (links, material, directions, notifications, etc.) to go paperless.; Enhanced side meeting scheduling, management and user experience.; Made available additional space and tables for impromptu meetings and side discussions.; Improved IT and A/V solutions for speakers. In addition, our final survey captured the following points as opportunities for improvement in future meetings: consider a different meeting location that is more pedestrian friendly, reduce talks during working meals to allow more collaboration and informal time, adapt the agenda to acknowledge attendees from different timezones, consider recording some of the tutorials and/or sessions to share broadly with the HPC community, have a larger poster room, provide additional power strips, and improve the WiFi.

97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING↗
DOE OSTI2025

A high-throughput experimentation platform for data-driven discovery in electrochemistry

Automating electrochemical analyses combined with artificial intelligence is poised to accelerate discoveries in renewable energy sciences and technologies. This study presents an automated high-throughput electrochemical characterization (AHTech) platform as a cost-effective and versatile tool for rapidly assessing liquid analytes. The Python-controlled platform combines a liquid handling robot, potentiostat, and customizable microelectrode bundles for diverse, reproducible electrochemical measurements in microtiter plates, minimizing chemical consumption and manual effort. To showcase the capability of AHTech, we screened a library of 180 small molecules as electrolyte additives for aqueous zinc metal batteries, generating data for training machine learning models to predict Coulombic efficiencies. Key molecular features governing additive performance were elucidated using Shapley Additive exPlanations and Spearman’s correlation, pinpointing high-performance candidates like cis-4-hydroxy-d-proline, which achieved an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.52% over 200 cycles. The workflow established herein is highly adaptable, offering a powerful framework for accelerating the exploration and optimization of extensive chemical spaces across diverse energy storage and conversion fields.

Lin, Dian-Zhao [Johns Hopkins University, Baltimor↗
DOE OSTI2024

Simulating image coaddition with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope – I. Simulation methodology and general results

The upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will carry out a wide-area survey in the near-infrared. A key science objective is the measurement of cosmic structure via weak gravitational lensing. Roman data will be undersampled, which introduces new challenges in the measurement of source galaxy shapes; a potential solution is to use linear algebra-based coaddition techniques such as imcom that combine multiple undersampled images to produce a single oversampled output mosaic with a desired ‘target’ point spread function (PSF). We present here an initial application of imcom to 0.64 square degrees of simulated Roman data, based on the Roman branch of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC) Data Challenge 2 (DC2) simulation. We show that imcom runs successfully on simulated data that includes features such as plate scale distortions, chip gaps, detector defects, and cosmic ray masks. We simultaneously propagate grids of injected sources and simulated noise fields as well as the full simulation. We quantify the residual deviations of the PSF from the target (the ‘leakage’), as well as noise properties of the output images; we discuss how the overall tiling pattern as well as Moiré patterns appear in the final leakage and noise maps. We include appendices on interpolation algorithms and the interaction of undersampling with image processing operations that may be of broader applicability. The companion paper (‘Paper II’) explores the implications for weak lensing analyses.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗
DOE OSTI2021

PPPL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (Project Final Reports, FY2018 - FY2020)

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a collaborative national center for fusion energy science, basic sciences, and advanced technology. The Laboratory has three major missions: (1) to develop the scientific knowledge and advanced engineering to enable fusion to power the U.S. and the world; (2) to advance the science of nanoscale fabrication for technologies of tomorrow; and (3) to further the development of the scientific understanding of the plasma universe from laboratory to astrophysical scales. PPPL’s Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program supports and encourages creativity and innovation and contributes to its long-term viability. New scientific and technical research areas emerge and are nurtured through the program. Furthermore, new capabilities are developed to enable the Laboratory to meet its and DOE’s missions. The program is used to systematically diversify the Laboratory’s programs and mission. In the last few years, the program has started projects in nanomaterial synthesis, microelectronics, advanced x-ray spectroscopy, high-energy-density physics, superconducting magnet technology, machine learning and artificial intelligence, 3D magnetic fields to optimize fusion plasmas, integration of permanent magnets with simple high-field magnets to reduce the cost of producing complex 3D magnetic fields, advanced computational methods for predictive understanding and control of fusion plasma, development of quantum computing algorithms for plasma physics, liquid metal plasma-facing components for fusion reactors, virtual engineering, and plasma-based space propulsion. The program is also the vehicle to recruit and train talented scientists and engineers with the new skills needed to perform the Laboratory’s mission. Many of the new hires through the program go on to become world-class scientists and engineers in their fields. This report provides descriptions and accomplishments of those LDRD projects that were completed during fiscal years 2018 through 2020.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2021

Energy catalysis needs ligands with high oxidative stability

Replacing fossil fuel-based energy by renewable sources is a transition that society needs to make to meet future energy demand and simultaneously address climate change. Coupling renewable energy sources with electrochemical catalysis provides a promising path to carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals when the necessary reducing equivalents and protons are harvested from water. Developing highly active, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is accordingly a centerpiece of a renewable energy portfolio. Whereas viable OER catalysts are heterogeneous in nature, owing to their oxidative stability, the realization of stable molecular OER catalysts greatly expands the horizon of energy science with the ability to tune OER energetics and mechanisms with fidelity. In this perspective, current challenges in the field of molecular OER catalysis are addressed with promising lines of research that are directed to designing ligands that can withstand the harsh oxidizing environment of OER.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗
DOE OSTI2026

Atomic Evolution of Hydrogen Intercalation Wave Dynamics in Palladium Nanocrystals Revealed by Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy

Solute-intercalation-induced phase separation creates spatial heterogeneities in host materials, a phenomenon ubiquitous in batteries, hydrogen storage, and other energy devices. Despite many efforts, probing intercalation processes at the atomic scale has been a significant challenge. By utilizing liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we study hydrogen (de)intercalation in palladium nanocrystals as a model system and have achieved unprecedented atomic-resolution imaging of hydrogen intercalation wave dynamics. Our observations reveal that intercalation wave mechanisms, instead of shrinking-core mechanisms, prevail at ambient temperature for palladium nanocubes ranging from ∼60 nm down to ∼10 nm. Systematic image analysis uncovers the atomic evolution of the hydrogen intercalation wave, transitioning from nonplanar and inclined boundaries to those closely aligned with {100} planes. Our kinetic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the observed intercalation wave dynamics correspond to sorption pathways minimizing the lattice mismatch strain at the phase boundary. In conclusion, unveiling the atomic intercalation pathways holds profound implications for engineering intercalation-mediated devices and advancements in energy sciences.

Lee, Daewon [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory↗
DOE OSTI2023

Small-Molecule Catalysis by Transition-Metal Isocyanide Monomers, Clusters and Materials

DOE Catalysis Science Award DE-SC0018243 focused on the development and mechanistic understanding of small-molecule-activation and catalysis by monomeric and multinuclear transition-metal complexes supported by encumbering m-terphenyl isocyanide ligands. An additional goal of this award was the development of solid-state network materials featuring low-valent metal centers and ditopic m-terphenyl isocyanide ligands into functional platforms for catalytic chemical transformations. The emphasis on m-terphenyl isocyanides stems from a sustained effort by our research team that has shown these ancillary ligands to be particularly adept at stabilizing electronically or coordinately unsaturated metal centers. These metal centers in turn have been shown to effect catalytic and/or stoichiometric chemical transformations of substrates relevant to high-priority energy science goals. In addition, the stabilizing environment provided by these encumbering ligands has in several instances aided the detailed mechanistic elucidation of substrate activation process and/or have enabled important electronic structure insights to be uncovered.

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE↗
DOE OSTI2020

Generating synthetic cosmological data with GalSampler

As part of the effort to meet the needs of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC) for accurate, realistically complex mock galaxy catalogues, in this work we have developed galsampler, an open-source python package that assists in generating large volumes of synthetic cosmological data. The key idea behind galsampler is to recast hydrodynamical simulations and semi-analytic models as physically motivated galaxy libraries. galsampler populates a new, larger volume halo catalogue with galaxies drawn from the baseline library; by using weighted sampling guided by empirical modelling techniques, galsampler inherits statistical accuracy from the empirical model and physically motivated complexity from the baseline library. We have recently used galsampler to produce the cosmoDC 2 extragalactic catalogue made for the LSST DESC Data Challenge 2 . Using cosmoDC 2 as a guiding example, we outline how galsampler can continue to support ongoing and near-future galaxy surveys such as the Dark Energy Survey, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, WFIRST, and Euclid.

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY↗
DOE OSTI2022

SNIa Cosmology Analysis Results from Simulated LSST Images: From Difference Imaging to Constraints on Dark Energy

Abstract The Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is expected to process ∼10 6 transient detections per night. For precision measurements of cosmological parameters and rates, it is critical to understand the detection efficiency, magnitude limits, artifact contamination levels, and biases in the selection and photometry. Here we rigorously test the LSST Difference Image Analysis (DIA) pipeline using simulated images from the Rubin Observatory LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration Data Challenge (DC2) simulation for the Wide-Fast-Deep survey area. DC2 is the first large-scale (300 deg 2 ) image simulation of a transient survey that includes realistic cadence, variable observing conditions, and CCD image artifacts. We analyze ∼15 deg 2 of DC2 over a 5 yr time span in which artificial point sources from Type Ia supernova (SNIa) light curves have been overlaid onto the images. The magnitude limits per filter are u = 23.66 mag, g = 24.69 mag, r = 24.06 mag, i = 23.45 mag, z = 22.54 mag, and y = 21.62 mag. The artifact contamination levels are ∼90% of all detections, corresponding to ∼1000 artifacts deg –2 in g band, and falling to 300 deg –2 in y band. The photometry has biases <1% for magnitudes 19.5 < m < 23. Our DIA performance on simulated images is similar to that of the Dark Energy Survey difference-imaging pipeline on real images. We also characterize DC2 image properties to produce catalog-level simulations needed for distance bias corrections. We find good agreement between DC2 data and simulations for distributions of signal-to-noise ratio, redshift, and fitted light-curve properties. Applying a realistic SNIa cosmology analysis for redshifts z < 1, we recover the input cosmology parameters to within statistical uncertainties.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗