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Results for “METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 253 records · Page 14
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1963

TIROS ACHIEVEMENTS

Evaluation of the tiros meteorological satellite performance and major achievements

SATELLITE OBSERVATION↗
NASA NTRS1971

Remote Sensing of Sea Ice from Earth Satellites

The application of meteorological satellite data for mapping ice fields is discussed. The characteristics of the photographic records of sea ice formations are described. The derivation of the composite minimum brightness chart by computer processing of the mapped satellite vidicon data for several successive days is explained. The factors which create a quantitative delimiting of the sea ice conditions are explained.

Mcclain, E. P.↗
NASA NTRS1983

Satellite data - Analysis techniques and applications to meteorology

The history of meteorological satellites is traced, together with current instrumental and data analysis capabilities. Photographs taken from rockets launched in the late 1950s encouraged placing spacecraft such as the Nimbus I in sunsynchronous orbit beginning in 1964, and eventually the GOES, GMS, TIROS and Meteosat spacecraft into GEO in the 1970s. Visible, UV, IR and microwave sensors provide data on cloud patterns, wind fields, vertical temperature and humidity profiles and the surface temperature. Corrections have been developed in the data analyses programs to account for the atmospheric effects on upwelling radiation, fractional cloudiness, cloud-top heights and cloud contamination factors.

Szejwach, G.↗
NASA NTRS1982

Weather satellites: Stereoscopy and Sounding; Proceedings of the Topical Meeting, Ottawa, Canada, May 16-June 2, 1982

Attention is given to the validation of meteorological satellite observing systems and to stereoscopic observations from meteorological satellites. Particular papers are presented on such topics as the comparison of cloud top heights measured by airborne lidar and TIROS-N image data, the determination of surface global radiation using Meteosat images and ground-based visibility measurements, multichannel improvements to satellite-derived global sea surface temperatures, validation of the Stratospheric Sounding Unit, and the international comparison of satellite winds. Also considered is tropical storm structure revealed by stereo photographs from Skylab, stereo imaging from polar orbit and synthetic stereo imaging, simultaneous measurements of sea surface temperature by GMS-1 and GMS-2, and real-time spectroscopic applications using the GOES operational satellites.

Yates, H.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Novel Hourly-Resolved Global Cloud Property Composite from Operational Satellites Imagers

Numerous applications in satellite remote sensing of surface properties, atmospheric state, composition, and radiation require accurate knowledge of the location and characteristics of clouds. Operational satellite imager radiances are valuable for cloud detection and for deriving many different physical parameters that can be used for a variety of weather, aviation, and energy applications. The NASA Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) applies a suite of algorithms to meteorological satellite data to provide cloud properties, radiative fluxes and other parameters on a global scale. This paper describes a new global high-resolution dataset of cloud properties made available for community use that is constructed from analyses of a constellation of meteorological satellite imagers. Data taken from Meteosat-8/9 and -11, Himawari-8/9, GOES-16, and -17/-18, Aqua, Terra, Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 are processed and composited on a 3-km grid to provide hourly global coverage. A historical multi-year dataset is available to serve various needs including modeling challenges related to cloud evaluations and parameterizations. Near real-time data products are also currently available between 60N and 60S. Efforts are underway to operationalize polar orbiting satellite cloud detection methods for low-latency applications over polar regions. The cloud detection and retrieval algorithms have been developed over many years to support NASA weather and climate programs such as the Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES). To improve the utility of the data products, machine learning and other innovative methods are applied in various ways to help minimize data product uncertainties under the most challenging conditions and to improve their consistency at all times of day. A brief description of the methods highlighting the unique aspects of the SatCORPS data products will be presented along with information on their status and availability.

SatCORPS↗
NASA NTRS1985

Comparison of Time-periodic Variations in Temperature and Wind from Meteorological Rockets and Satellites

Although the Meteorological Rocket Network operated by or in cooperation with th United States has decreased from fourteen to nine stations in the past five years, there have been many observations accumulated in the ten years since CIRA 1972 was prepared with data up to 1969. The mean, annual and semiannual variations of temperature and wind are presented and special attention is directed to the polar semiannual wave. The results are compared with the Oxford SCR-PMR five year data set, the CDC-SCR seven year data, and CIRA 1972 with respect to both temperature and zonal winds, as far as presently available. The agreement among the data sets is very good.

Belmont, A. D.↗
NASA NTRS1972

Meteorological measurements from satellite platforms

Quantitative exploitation of meteorological data from geosynchronous satellites is starting to move from the laboratory to operational practice. Investigations of the data applications portion of the total meteorological satellite system include: (1) tropospheric wind shear and the related severe storm circulations; (2) kinematic properties of the tropical atmosphere as derived from cloud motion vectors; (3) application of a geostationary satellite rake system to measurements of rainfall; and (4) pointing error analysis of geosynchronous satellites.

Suomi, V. E.↗
NASA NTRS1997

Upper-Tropospheric Winds Derived from Geostationary Satellite Water Vapor Observations

The coverage and quality of remotely sensed upper-tropospheric moisture parameters have improved considerably with the deployment of a new generation of operational geostationary meteorological satellites: GOES-8/9 and GMS-5. The GOES-8/9 water vapor imaging capabilities have increased as a result of improved radiometric sensitivity and higher spatial resolution. The addition of a water vapor sensing channel on the latest GMS permits nearly global viewing of upper-tropospheric water vapor (when joined with GOES and Meteosat) and enhances the commonality of geostationary meteorological satellite observing capabilities. Upper-tropospheric motions derived from sequential water vapor imagery provided by these satellites can be objectively extracted by automated techniques. Wind fields can be deduced in both cloudy and cloud-free environments. In addition to the spatially coherent nature of these vector fields, the GOES-8/9 multispectral water vapor sensing capabilities allow for determination of wind fields over multiple tropospheric layers in cloud-free environments. This article provides an update on the latest efforts to extract water vapor motion displacements over meteorological scales ranging from subsynoptic to global. The potential applications of these data to impact operations, numerical assimilation and prediction, and research studies are discussed.

Velden, Christopher S.↗
NASA NTRS1998

Satellite Microwave Radar Observations of Antarctic Sea Ice

Historical data on Antarctic sea ice extent and concentration have traditionally been derived from visible and near-infrared images acquired by the polar-orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency's (NOAA) meteorological satellites, using the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and more recently by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (OLS). The limitation of these systems is that the majority of energy imparted to the Antarctic sea-ice system is transferred during b6y fast-moving low pressure systems. Since the Southern Ocean sea-ice cover is completely bounded at its lower latitude limit by open ocean, these "polar lows" transport large amounts of moisture (contained in warm air masses) over the outer ice cover. The result is that most, if not all, noteworthy periods of wind- and temperature-driven dynamic changes in the ice cover are accompanied by periods where the region is blanketed by cloud, and when the atmosphere is inherently more electromagnetically opaque. During storms, the probability with which the area is cloud covered is extremely high, thereby ruling out use of visible or near-infrared images as a practical method of monitoring the associated changes in ice conditions. Instead, Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and DMSP Special Sensor Microwave/imager (SSM/I) have been the primary workhorses to build up a microwave record of Antarctic sea-ice characteristics. Similar problems, however, occur in passive microwave retrievals of sea-ice concentration, and the algorithms are called into question during these periods of change. The influence of water vapor in the atmosphere alone can modify the ice concentration retrievals by fractions exceeding 105, and that retrievals of ice concentration must compensate for the atmospheric water vapor and liquid water contents.

Drinkwater, Mark R.↗
NASA NTRS1963

NIMBUS SPACECRAFT DEVELOPMENT

Development and design of the nimbus meteorological satellite system which provides data on worldwide atmospheric processes for use in weather forecasting

SATELLITE DESIGN↗
NASA NTRS1975

A plan for the economic assessment of the benefits of improved meteorological forecasts

Benefit-cost relationships for the development of meteorological satellites are outlined. The weather forecast capabilities of the various weather satellites (Tiros, SEOS, Nimbus) are discussed, and the development of additional satellite systems is examined. A rational approach is development that leads to the establishment of the economic benefits which may result from the utilization of meteorological satellite data. The economic and social impacts of improved weather forecasting for industries and resources management are discussed, and significant weather sensitive industries are listed.

Bhattacharyya, R.↗
NASA NTRS2002

Transport and Meteorological Analysis

The objectives of this work are twofold. First, to provide real-time meteorological satellite guidance to airborne field missions for NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the Global Tropospheric Experiment, and the Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project. Extensive meteorological satellite datasets were provided for use by the mission scientist and by the science team. These same data were then archived for postdeployment data analysis by the science team. Second, to provide scientific analysis of the data from the airborne field missions supported. The results of these analyses were made public through peer-reviewed publications.

Pfister, Leonhard↗